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Fossil record of human evolution

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This document summarizes important fossils that provide evidence of human evolution, including Propliopithecus, Aegyptopithecus, Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus, Australopithecus, Homo erectus, Heidelberg man, Rhodesian man, Homo neanderthalensis, and Cro-magnon man. It describes key characteristics of each fossil such as cranial capacity, locomotion, and tools used. The fossils show a progression from early apelike ancestors to increasingly humanlike species that used tools and fire, providing evidence that humans evolved in Africa from earlier primate species over millions of years.

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FOSSIL RECORDS OF HUMAN EVOLUTION Dr. Ezhilarasi Assistant Professor Department of Zoology, Govt. Arts College, Coimbatore - 18
IMPORTANT FOSSILS OF HUMAN EVOLUTION Propliopithecus Aegyptopithecus Dryopithecus Ramapithecus Australopithecus Homo erectus Heidelberg man Rhodesian man Homo neanderthalensis Cro-magnon man
PROPLIOPITHECUS It was an ape-like primate But has short arms It resembled man It lived in the oligocene period (30 million years ago) Fossils of these animals were obtained from Fayum deposits of Egipt Simpson suggests that propliopithecus might be the ancestor of modern apes (Gorilla and chimpanzee) and man
AEGYPTOPITHECUS It is similar to Propliopithecus but it is more identical to apes than Propliopithecus It lived in upper Oligocene It is believed that Aegyotipithecus was ancestral to the Miocene ape Dryopithecus which in turn gave rise to gorilla, chimpanzee and man
DRYOPITHECUS It was discovered by L.S.B.Lakey in 1930 on an island in Lake Victoria. He named it Proconsul, but now it is called Dryopithecus It is a group of apes that lived in Miocene period about 20 million year ago It descended from Aegyotopithecus of propliopithecus. Several species of Drypithecus are available Nut more knowledge is gained from an African fossil, D. africanus Dryopithecus has fore limbs shorter than hind limbs In this respect it recembles man. So it is believed that Dryopithecus is the distant ancestor of man. It is also the ancestor of modern apes like chimpanzee and gorilla
RAMAPITHECUS It was an ape man it lived during late Miocene and early Pliocene It was cntemporary to Oreopithecus The fossil of this animal contains only jaws and dentition The dentition is more identical to man it was directly ancestral to man It was directly ancestral to man Ramapithecus is collected from India and Africa It lived 12 to 14 million years ago
AUSTRALOPITHECUS It was discovered by Dart. It was an ape-man because it combined many characters of ape and man It may be considered as the connecting link between ape and man It is 2 to 5 million years old.
AUSTRALOPITHECUS Erect posture with four feet height Bipedal locomotion Vertebral columb has a distinct lumbar curve Basin-like pelvic girdle Forward positin of foramen magnum Dentition is like that of man Dental arch is smooth rounded No simian gap Hands were used for non locomotary function
APE CHARACTER Small cranial case and brain The teeth were larger than those of modern man No chin The eye-brow ridges projected over the eyes Austalopithecus africanus was a common fossil
HOMO ERECTUS Homo erectus was the true man He was a primitive man He was a connecting link between ape-man and modern man He lived 5 million years ago Homo erectus lived in Java and Pecking It was discovered by Dubois The home erectus had the following They had upright bipedal locomotion They were slightly taller than Australopithecus and were about 5 feet
The cranial capacity was about 1300 cc. it was intermediate between Australopicus and modern man Their skull was flattened They had no forehead Their eye-brow ridges projected forwads They used fire and a variety of tools They were cannibalistic They inhabite caves They were hunters and gatherers They had less body hair and were black
HEIDELBERG MAN Heidelberg man was primitive man His fossil was discovered in a river bed near Heidelberg in Germany He lived 5 million years ago He was an ancestor to Neanderthal man
RHODESIAN MAN Rhodesian man was a primitive man The fossil was discovered in a cave at Broken Hills in Rhodesia He lived in the late Pliocene period The cranial capacity was about 1300 cc Forehead was receding like that of a Gorilla
HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS Neanderthal man was an advanced primitive man The fossil was collected from Neander valley in Germany and hence the name They were slightly shorter than modern men, women were shorter Their eye-brow ridges were heavy and protruding Their forehead was low and slanding They had no chin Their teeth were large The burial was done with some sort of ceremony Their cranial capacity was about 1400 cc They develop speech They used utensils and ornaments
CRO-MAGNON MAN Cro-magnon man was the extinct modern man Homo sapiens means knowing man He originated about 3 million years ago he become extinct 20000 years ago only He lived in the peak of the old stone age His fossil was discovered in France, Italy, Poland and Czechoslovakia The cranial capacity was 1800 cc He was 180 cm tall Chin developed
CRO-MAGNON MAN He lived in caves with families He was expert in making weapons and tools He was a hunter He used fire and clothing He buried dead bodies with religious ceremonies He was an arties He reared dogs only
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Fossil record of human evolution

  • 1. FOSSIL RECORDS OF HUMAN EVOLUTION Dr. Ezhilarasi Assistant Professor Department of Zoology, Govt. Arts College, Coimbatore - 18
  • 2. IMPORTANT FOSSILS OF HUMAN EVOLUTION Propliopithecus Aegyptopithecus Dryopithecus Ramapithecus Australopithecus Homo erectus Heidelberg man Rhodesian man Homo neanderthalensis Cro-magnon man
  • 3. PROPLIOPITHECUS It was an ape-like primate But has short arms It resembled man It lived in the oligocene period (30 million years ago) Fossils of these animals were obtained from Fayum deposits of Egipt Simpson suggests that propliopithecus might be the ancestor of modern apes (Gorilla and chimpanzee) and man
  • 4. AEGYPTOPITHECUS It is similar to Propliopithecus but it is more identical to apes than Propliopithecus It lived in upper Oligocene It is believed that Aegyotipithecus was ancestral to the Miocene ape Dryopithecus which in turn gave rise to gorilla, chimpanzee and man
  • 5. DRYOPITHECUS It was discovered by L.S.B.Lakey in 1930 on an island in Lake Victoria. He named it Proconsul, but now it is called Dryopithecus It is a group of apes that lived in Miocene period about 20 million year ago It descended from Aegyotopithecus of propliopithecus. Several species of Drypithecus are available Nut more knowledge is gained from an African fossil, D. africanus Dryopithecus has fore limbs shorter than hind limbs In this respect it recembles man. So it is believed that Dryopithecus is the distant ancestor of man. It is also the ancestor of modern apes like chimpanzee and gorilla
  • 6. RAMAPITHECUS It was an ape man it lived during late Miocene and early Pliocene It was cntemporary to Oreopithecus The fossil of this animal contains only jaws and dentition The dentition is more identical to man it was directly ancestral to man It was directly ancestral to man Ramapithecus is collected from India and Africa It lived 12 to 14 million years ago
  • 7. AUSTRALOPITHECUS It was discovered by Dart. It was an ape-man because it combined many characters of ape and man It may be considered as the connecting link between ape and man It is 2 to 5 million years old.
  • 8. AUSTRALOPITHECUS Erect posture with four feet height Bipedal locomotion Vertebral columb has a distinct lumbar curve Basin-like pelvic girdle Forward positin of foramen magnum Dentition is like that of man Dental arch is smooth rounded No simian gap Hands were used for non locomotary function
  • 9. APE CHARACTER Small cranial case and brain The teeth were larger than those of modern man No chin The eye-brow ridges projected over the eyes Austalopithecus africanus was a common fossil
  • 10. HOMO ERECTUS Homo erectus was the true man He was a primitive man He was a connecting link between ape-man and modern man He lived 5 million years ago Homo erectus lived in Java and Pecking It was discovered by Dubois The home erectus had the following They had upright bipedal locomotion They were slightly taller than Australopithecus and were about 5 feet
  • 11. The cranial capacity was about 1300 cc. it was intermediate between Australopicus and modern man Their skull was flattened They had no forehead Their eye-brow ridges projected forwads They used fire and a variety of tools They were cannibalistic They inhabite caves They were hunters and gatherers They had less body hair and were black
  • 12. HEIDELBERG MAN Heidelberg man was primitive man His fossil was discovered in a river bed near Heidelberg in Germany He lived 5 million years ago He was an ancestor to Neanderthal man
  • 13. RHODESIAN MAN Rhodesian man was a primitive man The fossil was discovered in a cave at Broken Hills in Rhodesia He lived in the late Pliocene period The cranial capacity was about 1300 cc Forehead was receding like that of a Gorilla
  • 14. HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS Neanderthal man was an advanced primitive man The fossil was collected from Neander valley in Germany and hence the name They were slightly shorter than modern men, women were shorter Their eye-brow ridges were heavy and protruding Their forehead was low and slanding They had no chin Their teeth were large The burial was done with some sort of ceremony Their cranial capacity was about 1400 cc They develop speech They used utensils and ornaments
  • 15. CRO-MAGNON MAN Cro-magnon man was the extinct modern man Homo sapiens means knowing man He originated about 3 million years ago he become extinct 20000 years ago only He lived in the peak of the old stone age His fossil was discovered in France, Italy, Poland and Czechoslovakia The cranial capacity was 1800 cc He was 180 cm tall Chin developed
  • 16. CRO-MAGNON MAN He lived in caves with families He was expert in making weapons and tools He was a hunter He used fire and clothing He buried dead bodies with religious ceremonies He was an arties He reared dogs only