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Foundations of Surgical
Nursing
By
Anandh Sam Perera. S

 Module Title: Foundation of Surgical Nursing
and disease causation
 Program: Post basic BSc Surgical Nursing
 Module Code: SNur-4051
 Module ECTS: 15 ECTS

 Overview of the Module and Historical development of surgical
nursing (1hr)
 Professional ethics & legal practice [4 hrs.]
 Ethical issues in Nursing
 Ethical philosophy
 Norms and values
 Essential values of professional nurses
 Code of Ethics
 Concepts and characteristics of nursing standards.
 Nursing practice act
 Ethical theories
 Ethical principles
 Informed consent
 The patients’ Bill of rights
 Concepts and characteristics of nursing standards.
 Nursing practice act

 Vital sign (2 hrs)
 Introduction to vital signs
 Components of vital signs(Pulse, BP, Temperature, Respiration rate
and pain )
 Definition
 purpose
 indication
 contraindication(if any)
 normal reference range
 Medication administration (3 hrs)
 Types of preparation
 Drug measurement system
 Principles of administering medication (medication safety)
 Maintaining safety when administering medication (8 R’s)
 Oxygen administration (4hrs)
 Route of administration
 Bed making
(Types,purpose,indication)

 Legal issues and Ethical Dilemmas in nursing(3hrs)
 Legal issue in nursing
 Analysis of ethical dilemma
 The concept of crimes and torts
 The benefits of patients care and record keeping
 Sources of law
 Introduction to communication (2hrs)
Definition
 Communication process
 Channels of communication
 Mode of communication
 Establishing rapport
 Effective therapeutic communication
 Barriers to communication
 Factors influencing communicant
 record keeping and documentation

 Nursing process (6 hrs.)
 Historical background of nursing process
 Characteristics of nursing process
 Benefits of nursing process( for the patient and
nurses
 Components of nursing process
 Fluid therapy and blood transfusion (3hrs)
 Fluid Therapy
 Type
 Indications
 Contraindications
 Administrations
 Blood transfusion

 Infection prevention and patient safety (5hrs)
 Preparation and care of surgical environment
 Standard precautions
 Hand hygiene
 Surgical scrub
 Personal protective equipment
 Healthcare waste management
 Transmission based precaution
 Health care risk management
 Handling various kinds of equipment and goods, glass ware, Rubber goods.
 Hospital acquired infections
 Factors important in nosocomial infections
 Prevention and control of nosocomial infection
 Disinfection and Sterilization
 Factors that Influence the Effectiveness of Disinfectant
 Classification of patient care Items
 Care of Instruments
 Levels of Disinfection
 Methods of Disinfection
 Decontaminating and Cleaning of Instruments
 Sterilization

 Specimen collection and handling (2 hrs)
 Stool
 Urine
 Blood: Venous blood sample, Capillary blood sample
 Sputum
 Wound care (2hrs)
 Definition of wound
 Types of wound
 Wound dressing, Types of dressing , wound irrigation
 Suture Materials and Needles, Common types of stitches
 Introduction to operation room Technique and Principles of
Anesthesia (3hrs)
 Organization of areas in the Operating room/patient area
 Introduction to anesthesia (Principles, Types, Stages of anesthesia)

 Pre -operative nursing care (4 hrs)
 Preparing the client for surgery
 Informed consent
 Client teaching (cough, deep breathing exercise etc)
 Physical preparation (skin and bowel preparation)
 psychological preparation
 Pre operative medication and diet
 NG tube insertion
 Catheterization
 Enema
 Post -operative nursing (2 hrs)
 Laparotomy or supine (dorsal) position, Trendelenbarg position, Reverse position, Prone
position, Lithotomy position
 Kidney position, Thyroid position, Thoracotomy position
 Providing immediate post operative care in post anesthesia case
 Providing comfort measures during convalescent phase
 Providing surgical wound care
 Monitoring and measuring drainage device
 Diagnostic procedures (4hrs)
 Invasive procedure
 Preparing equipment and collaborate with physician in thoracentesis
 Preparing and setting chest -water seal drainage bottle.
 Liver biopsy
 Lumbar puncture
 Bone marrow puncture

 Radiologic studies
 MRI
 CT scan
 X-RAY
 Body mechanics& mobility (2hrs)
 Practice Positioning & moving a patient
 Apply Range of motion exercises
 Perform Assisting & Ambulation
 Help patient with crutch walking
 Patient transfer
 Local application of heat and cold (2hrs)
 Hot compress
 Cold compress
 Sitz bath
 Hot water bottle
 Ice bag
 Care Of The Terminally Ill, Unconscious Patient And Post Mortem Care.(2 hrs)

Historical Development of Surgical Nursing

Florence Nightingale
 Crimean war 1854

Sushruta
Father of Surgery – 5th century B.C

Joseph Lister
Father of modern surgery.

Evolution Medical Surgical nursing
In ancient times, when medical lore was
associated with good or evil spirits, the sick were
usually cared for in temples and houses of
worship.
These women had no real training by today's
standards, but experience taught them valuable
skills, especially in the use of herbs and drugs,
and some gained fame as the physicians of their
era.

Surgical nursing, also referred to as medical-surgical
nursing, is a specialty of nursing that requires a
specific set of skills. The job requires that the nurses
possess strong analytical, technical, administrative
and organizational skills in addition to the "people"
skills normally associated with the nursing
profession.

In the 17th cent., St. Vincent de Paul began to
encourage women to undertake some form of
training for their work, but there was no real
hospital training school for nurses until one was
established in Kaiserwerth, Germany, in There,
Florence Nightingale received the training that
later enabled her to establish, at St. Thomas's
Hospital in London, the first school designed
primarily to train nurses rather than to provide
nursing service for the hospital

 Nursing subsequently became one of the most
important professions open to women until the social
changes brought by the revival of the feminist
movement that began in the 1960s. During the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the United
States, adult patients in many of the larger hospitals
were typically assigned to separate medical, surgical,
and obstetrical wards. Nursing education in hospital
training schools reflected these divisions to prepare
nurses for work on these units

In the late 1800s hospitals consisted of three
basic units: medical, surgical and obstetrical.
The training of nurses in each of these areas
involved preparing them to perform in each of
these areas, and each was considered to be a
separate entity.

Since the 1960’s, greater interest in health
promotion and disease prevention along with
the shortage of physicians serving rural areas,
helped create the role of the nurse practitioner.

Return to Specialization
By the 1960s, the pendulum had swung back to
treating surgical nursing as a distinct specialty.
However, the training of surgical nurses still
included elements of medical nursing. The scope
of the surgical nurse's job now began to include
the gathering of data, making diagnoses and
involvement in the development of treatment and
care plans.

 Modern nursing was introduced to Ethiopia around 1866
by Swedish missionaries who came to Eritrea (one of the
previous countryside of Ethiopia) and started to deliver
medical care for very limited members of the society.
 Afterwards nursing service spread to the other parts of the
nation. Then nursing services were provided by Swedish,
Russian and French nurses, hence the need for nurses was
felt even more than ever.

Today
Today, surgical nursing continues its evolution as a
specialty and is the largest group of practicing
professionals, according to the Academy of
Medical-Surgical Nurses. They practice in a
variety of settings, including hospitals, urgent care
facilities, home health care, skilled nursing care
facilities and universities. Depending on the work
situation, they may be required to care for as many
as seven patients at a time.

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Foundations of Surgical Nursing - Ethiopia ppt

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Foundations of Surgical Nursing - Ethiopia ppt