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Four stroke Petrol Engine (Hanan From UET pakistan)

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Hanan Mustafa

its about four stroke petrol engine...and in this presentation discuss about some impoertant parts of four stroke petrol engine.also explain in this presentation about the the stroke of engine...and their effiency .

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Four stroke Petrol Engine (Hanan From UET pakistan)
TOPIC NAME Four Stroke Petrol Engine Group Members: Abdul Hanan Abid Hussain
Four Stroke Petrol Engine
Outline of Topic What is engine? History of Four stoke Engine Working principle of four Stroke Petrol Engine Various Parts of Engine
Engine An engine is motor which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy
History Four Stroke Engine Four stroke engine was first demonstrate by Nikolaus Otto in 1876,hence it is also known as Otto cycle. It consist of 4 stroke ,one cycle operation is completed in 4 stroke of the piston, That is one cycle is completed in every 2 revolutions of the crankshaft. Each stroke consist of 180属,of crankshaft rotation and hence a cycle consist of 720属,of crankshaft rotation.
Working principle of four Stroke I.C. Engine Following are the four strokes 1 Intake/Suction stroke 2 Compression stroke 3 Expansion stroke 4 Exhaust stroke
1 Intake stroke In suction stroke piston starts at Top Dead Center (TDC) of the cylinder and moves to the Bottom Dead Center (BDC). Outlet valve will be closed and inlet valve will be open to allowing the fresh charge of mixed fuel & air into the cylinder.
2 Compression stroke In compression stroke,Once piston reaches BDC & moves back TDC,inlet valve will be closed,As the piston moves towards TDC,It compress air fuel mixture inside the cylinder & compression takes place,Hence it is called compression stroke.
3 Expansion stroke In expansion stroke,Both the valves are closed,When piston reaches top of its stroke the fuel mixture is ignited by spark plug due to spark high temperature & pressure generated inside the cylinder & push down the piston to BDC,Hence it is known as expansion stroke.
4 Exhaust stroke In this stroke exhaust valve is opened,when piston reaches to BDC & moves to upward. Piston pushes out the burnt gases to the atmosphere through the exhaust valve. Hence called exhaust stroke & the engine is ready to begin the cycle again.
Various Parts of Engine Crankshaft Crankcase Crank Pin Camshaft Spark plug Fuel pump Cylinder Block Cylinder Head Inlet valve & Exhaust valve Piston Piston Rings Connecting Rod Gudgeon Pin
Cylinder Block The cylinder block, also called as engine block is the main bottom end structure. Usually it is made up of iron or aluminum. Function: In the bore of the cylinder the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture is ignited,compressed by piston.
Cylinder Head The cylinder head is flat plate of metal bolted to the top of cylinder block with head gasket in between;Top of head contains rocker arm & push rod to transfer rotational mechanic from the crankshaft to linear mechanic to operate the valves. It is the key to performance of the internal combustion chamber.
Inlet valve & Exhaust valve Inlet valve:Its function is to intake the fresh air-fuel mixture into the cylinder. Exhaust valve:Its function is to exhaust is the burnt gases by the force of piston.
Piston Piston is connected to the crankshaft through the connecting rod,when piston moves downward sucks fresh air-fuel mixture in suction stroke & ignited inside the cylinder due to this high temperature and pressure generated,thus expanded gas force down to piston.
Piston Rings A piston ring is an open ended ring that fits into a groove or outer diameter of the cylinder. Piston rings have three major functions which are to seal the expansion chamber,support heat transfer & finally,regulate the engine oil consumption.
Connecting Rod & Gudgeon Pin A small end of connecting rod is connected to the piston and other end is connected to the crankshaft. Its function is to transmit the reciprocating motion of piston to the to the rotary motion of crankshaft. Gudgeon pin is used to connect the piston & connecting rod.
Crankshaft Crankshaft is the part of an engine which translates the reciprocating linear motion of piston into rotation. To convert the reciprocating motion into rotation,the crankshaft has crank pin,it typically connects to flywheel,to reduce the pulsation characteristics four stroke cycle.
Camshaft Camshaft is a part which is used in piston engine to operate valves. It consists of cylindrical rod with cams. The camshaft were invented in Iraq (Mesopotamia), described by Al-Jazari in 1206.
Carburetor Carburetor is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine.
Spark Plug Spark plug is used in petrol engine only which is help to ignite the air- fuel mixture for combustion.
REFERENCE 1. www.google.com.in 2. www.wikipedia.com
THANK YOU

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Four stroke Petrol Engine (Hanan From UET pakistan)

  • 2. TOPIC NAME Four Stroke Petrol Engine Group Members: Abdul Hanan Abid Hussain
  • 4. Outline of Topic What is engine? History of Four stoke Engine Working principle of four Stroke Petrol Engine Various Parts of Engine
  • 5. Engine An engine is motor which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy
  • 6. History Four Stroke Engine Four stroke engine was first demonstrate by Nikolaus Otto in 1876,hence it is also known as Otto cycle. It consist of 4 stroke ,one cycle operation is completed in 4 stroke of the piston, That is one cycle is completed in every 2 revolutions of the crankshaft. Each stroke consist of 180属,of crankshaft rotation and hence a cycle consist of 720属,of crankshaft rotation.
  • 7. Working principle of four Stroke I.C. Engine Following are the four strokes 1 Intake/Suction stroke 2 Compression stroke 3 Expansion stroke 4 Exhaust stroke
  • 8. 1 Intake stroke In suction stroke piston starts at Top Dead Center (TDC) of the cylinder and moves to the Bottom Dead Center (BDC). Outlet valve will be closed and inlet valve will be open to allowing the fresh charge of mixed fuel & air into the cylinder.
  • 9. 2 Compression stroke In compression stroke,Once piston reaches BDC & moves back TDC,inlet valve will be closed,As the piston moves towards TDC,It compress air fuel mixture inside the cylinder & compression takes place,Hence it is called compression stroke.
  • 10. 3 Expansion stroke In expansion stroke,Both the valves are closed,When piston reaches top of its stroke the fuel mixture is ignited by spark plug due to spark high temperature & pressure generated inside the cylinder & push down the piston to BDC,Hence it is known as expansion stroke.
  • 11. 4 Exhaust stroke In this stroke exhaust valve is opened,when piston reaches to BDC & moves to upward. Piston pushes out the burnt gases to the atmosphere through the exhaust valve. Hence called exhaust stroke & the engine is ready to begin the cycle again.
  • 12. Various Parts of Engine Crankshaft Crankcase Crank Pin Camshaft Spark plug Fuel pump Cylinder Block Cylinder Head Inlet valve & Exhaust valve Piston Piston Rings Connecting Rod Gudgeon Pin
  • 13. Cylinder Block The cylinder block, also called as engine block is the main bottom end structure. Usually it is made up of iron or aluminum. Function: In the bore of the cylinder the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture is ignited,compressed by piston.
  • 14. Cylinder Head The cylinder head is flat plate of metal bolted to the top of cylinder block with head gasket in between;Top of head contains rocker arm & push rod to transfer rotational mechanic from the crankshaft to linear mechanic to operate the valves. It is the key to performance of the internal combustion chamber.
  • 15. Inlet valve & Exhaust valve Inlet valve:Its function is to intake the fresh air-fuel mixture into the cylinder. Exhaust valve:Its function is to exhaust is the burnt gases by the force of piston.
  • 16. Piston Piston is connected to the crankshaft through the connecting rod,when piston moves downward sucks fresh air-fuel mixture in suction stroke & ignited inside the cylinder due to this high temperature and pressure generated,thus expanded gas force down to piston.
  • 17. Piston Rings A piston ring is an open ended ring that fits into a groove or outer diameter of the cylinder. Piston rings have three major functions which are to seal the expansion chamber,support heat transfer & finally,regulate the engine oil consumption.
  • 18. Connecting Rod & Gudgeon Pin A small end of connecting rod is connected to the piston and other end is connected to the crankshaft. Its function is to transmit the reciprocating motion of piston to the to the rotary motion of crankshaft. Gudgeon pin is used to connect the piston & connecting rod.
  • 19. Crankshaft Crankshaft is the part of an engine which translates the reciprocating linear motion of piston into rotation. To convert the reciprocating motion into rotation,the crankshaft has crank pin,it typically connects to flywheel,to reduce the pulsation characteristics four stroke cycle.
  • 20. Camshaft Camshaft is a part which is used in piston engine to operate valves. It consists of cylindrical rod with cams. The camshaft were invented in Iraq (Mesopotamia), described by Al-Jazari in 1206.
  • 21. Carburetor Carburetor is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine.
  • 22. Spark Plug Spark plug is used in petrol engine only which is help to ignite the air- fuel mixture for combustion.