�ݺ�ߣ

KuNsm,tiþ
én
riyabfrbs;m®nIþraCkar
qnÞ³m©as;kar
PkþIPaB
mnsikarviC¢aCIv³
vb,Fm’esvasaFarN³

semþcGKÁmhaesnabtIeteCa h‘un Esn
naykrdæm®nþIénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
nigCaRbFan]tþmRkumRbwkSakMENTRmg;rdæ

GarmÖkfa
RbeTskm<úCa)anqøgkat;rbt;Rbvtþisa®sþ
CaeRcIndMNak;kal taMgBIsm½yGaNaniKmniym
)araMgrhUtmkTl;nwgeBlbc©úb,nñenH. edaysar
karvivtþénrbbneya)ay nigrbbRKb;RKgRbeTs
Cati rdæ)alsaFarN³EdlmantYnaTIbnþnirnþrPaB
rbs;rdæ k¾RtUvmankarvivtþeTAtamrbbneya)ay
RKb;dMNak;kalEdr. b:uEnþkarvivtþd¾FMCageK KW
ekIteLIgenAkñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü
¬17emsa 1975 dl;mun éf¶7 mkra 1979¦
edaysarrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgrdæ rYmTaMgrdæ)al
saFarN³ RtUv)anrMlayecalTaMgRsug. qøgkat;
dMNak;kalTaMgGs;enaH RbCaCnkm<úCaRKb;rUb Ca
Biessm®nþIraCkarEdlbeRmIkargarrdæ)al )andk
TMB½rTI i

Rsg;nUvemeronBiesaFCaeRcInrab;minGs; Edl
enaHKWCaTund¾sMxan;sRmab;karBRgwgsmtßPaB
buKÁlnigsßab½n.
eRkayéf¶rMedaH 7 mkra 1979 RksYg
sßab½nrdæ RtUv)anerobcMbegIáteT,IgviBaJ. m®nþI
raCkarEdl)ancUlbeRmIkargartamRksYg sßab½n
TaMgGs;KWsuT§swgEtCaGtItsisS nisSit bBaØvnþ
nigm®nþIraCkarBIsm½ymun EdlenAesssl;BIkar
kab;smøab;kñúgrbbRbl½yBUCsasn_.
edayqnÞ³emaHmutnigTwkcitþRsT,aj;
RbeTsCatimatuPUmi m®nþIraCkarRKb;rUb )anxit
xMRbwgERbgcUlrYmcMENky:agskmμkñúgkarsþar
nigGPivDÆRbeTsCatieT,IgvijBI)atédTeT rhUt
dl;mankarrIkceRmInCabnþbnÞab;BIGaNtþimYy
TMB½rTI ii

eTAGaNtþimYy kñúgry³eBlmYyd¾xøIesÞIrEtminKYr
[eCO)an sRmab;GñkEdlminEdleXIj. kareFVI
smahrNkmμeTAkñúgtMbn;nigsklelak rYmpSM
nwgkarxitxMRbwgERbgrbs;CatiTaMgmUl)aneFVI[
km<úCamanlT§PaBCMruj)annUvkMeNInesdækic©rbs;
xøÜnKrY CaTeI maTnPaBkñúgcrnþsklPavUbnIykmμ.
kñúgnamRbmuxraCrdæaPi)al ´sUmsMEdg
nUvkarekatsresIredayesμaHdl;m®nþIraCkarRKb;
rUb nigsUmelIkTwkcitþy:agxøaMgkøa [bnþnUvvb,Fm’
]sSah_Büayam eronpg eFVIkarpg bnþelIkkm<s;
smtßPaBpÞal;xøÜnnigsßab½n edIm,IbuBVehtuCati
nigRbCaCn.
´smU Tajkarcab;GarmμN_fa raCrdaæ Pi)al
)anRbkan;yknUvkargarkMENTRmg;elIRKb;vis½y
TMB½rTI iii

CaGaTiPaBrbs;xøÜn CaGaT× kMENTRmg;rdæ)al
saFarN³ kMENTRmg;karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúsaFarN³
kMENTRmg;vimCÄkarnigvishmCÄkar kMENTRmg;
c,ab;nigtulakarnigkMENTRmg;tamvis½ydéT
eTot edayRbtibtþiy:agx¢ab;x¢ÜnnUveKalkarN_
GPi)alkic©l¥CamUldæan edIm,IelIkkm<s;kRmit
nItirdæ[)ankan;EtrwgmaMkñúgcMeNambNþardæTMenIb
déTeTotenAelIsklelak nigsUmGMBavnav[
m®nþIraCkarRKb;rUb cUlrYm[kan;EtskmμxøaMgkøa
EfmeTot kñúgkarGnuvtþeKalneya)aykMEN
TRmg;xagelIenH.
eyIgkMBugEtsßitenAkñúgdMNak;kalén
karEkTRmg;sIuCeRmA. TnÞwmnwgkarxitxMRbwgERbg
kat;bnßyPaBRkIRkrbs;RbCaCneyIg kñúgrgVg; 1°
TMB½rTI iv

kñúgmYyqñaM eyIgRtUvxitxMbegáInRbsiT§PaB nig
KuNPaBénesvasaFarN³ EdlCaebskkmμd¾
cm,gkñúgkarelIkkm<s;CIvPaBrs;enArbs;
RbCaBlrdæ edIm,IsuxumalPaBrbs;RbCaCn nig
vibulPaBRbeTsCatieyIg.
edIm,IseRmc)aneKaledAenH m®nþIraCkar
RKb;rUbRtUvBRgwgKuNsm,tþiTaMg 4 y:agrbs;xøÜn
[)anskþismCaGñkpþl;esvaCUnRbCaBlrdæ tam
KnøgénGPi)alkic©l¥ seM dAelIkkm<s;smtßPaB
sßabn½ [manPaBrwgmaM RbkbedaynirnþrPaB.
´mankareCOCak;fa kUnesovePAd¾tUcenH
nwgkøayeTACaCMnYysμartIRbcaMxÜnø m®nþImañ k²; sRmab;
das;etOneRkInrMlwkm®nIrþ aCkarrbs;eyIg [kanE; t
manlkçNsm,tþil¥RbéBnigyl;c,as;GMBI
TMB½rTI v

katBVkic©rbs;xøÜnEdlRtUvbMeBjCUnRbCaCn nig
matuPUmiCaTIesñharbs;eyIgTaMgGs;Kña .
raCFanIPñMeBj/ éf¶TI Ex qñaM 2009
semþcGKÁmhaesnabtIeteCa h‘un Esn
naykrdæm®nþIénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
nigCaRbFan]tþmRkumRbwkSakMENTRmg;rdæ
TMB½rTI vi

matika
- GarmÖkfa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> i
- esckþIepþIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 1
1-qnÞ³m©as;kar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 8
1>1-TwkcitþRsT,aj;kargar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 9
1>2-karmanKMnitpþÜcepþImnigécñRbDit>>>>>>>>>>> 10
1>3-karbMeBjkatBVkic©kñúgsμartICaRkum>>>>> 11
1>4-sμartIQμúsQμúlnwgkargar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 12
1>5-karCmñH]bsKÁ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 13
2-PkþIPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 15
2>1-karyl;dwgGMBIsPaBkarN_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 16
2>2-PkþIPaBcMeBaHsßab½n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 17
2>3-PkþIPaBcMeBaHviC¢aCIv³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 17

2>4-PkþIPaBcMeBaHRbCaBlrdæEdl
CaGñkeRbIR)as;esva>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 19
3-mnsikarviC¢aCIv³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 21
4-vb,Fm’esvasaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 29
4>1-karpøas;bþÚrriyabf>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 32
4>2-Gñkpþl;esva>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 33
4>3-GñkRbwkSaeyabl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 34
4>4-karsRmbsRmYl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 35

esckþIepþIm
snþiPaB sßirPaB
neya)ay snþisux nig
sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³
KWCabuerlkçxNÐ nigCa
Fatud¾sMxan;minGac
xVH)an sRmab;kar
GPivDÆRbkbedaycIrPaB. RbeTskm<úCaeyIg
mansuxsnþiPaBeBjbrbi UrN_ m©as;karRKb;RKg)an
nUvsßirPaBneya)ay nigCMruj)annUvel,Ónénkar
GPivDÆRbkbedaykþIsgÇwmeTAGnaKt KWGaRs½y
edaykarGnuvtþeKalneya)ayQñH-QñH EdlektI
eT,IgBIbBaØajaNd¾Qøasévrbs; semþcGKÁmha
esnabtIeteCa h‘un Esn naykrdæm®nþI énRBHraCa
TMB½rTI 1

NacRkkm<úCa.
Ep¥kelIbuerlkçxNÐxagelIenH eyIgxitxM
ksag)annUvrdæ)alÉkPaBEtmYyrbs;Cati
nigCMrujkareFVIkMENTRmg;RKb;vis½y rhUtTTYl
)aneCaKC½yd¾RtcHRtcg; CabnþbnÞab;dUcCa kareFVI
CMerOnm®nþIraCkarsIuvil RbB½n§cMNat;fñak;nigRbB½n§
laPkarfμI karbegáItbTdæanKtiyutþnana Bak;B½n§
nwgkarBRgwgkarRKb;RKgm®nþIraCkar karerobcMEpn
karskmμPaBGPi)alkic©TI1 - TI2 karebIkvKÁ
bNþúHbNþalkmμviFIGPivDÆsmtßPaBRKb;RKg nig
kmμviFIGPivDÆsmtßPaBCMnaj karbegáIteKal
neya)aysþIBIkarpþl;esvasaFarN³CaedIm.
smiT§plTaMgGs;enH minEmnekIteT,Igeday
ÉkÉgenaHeT KW)anmkBkI arcUlrYmshkarrbs;
TMB½rTI 2

m®nþIraCkarRKb;RksYg sßab½n raCFanI extþ ehIy
eygI k¾minRtUvsbá ;sál; nigmanemaTnPaBhYsehtu
eBkeTAelIsmiT§pl EdleyIgseRmc)anknøg
mkenaHEdr. eyIgRtUvcat;TukfasmiT§pld¾FMeFg
Edl)anmkBIkic©shkarKñay:ags¥itrmYt KWCakmøaMg
CMrujTwkcitþy:agviessvisalsRmab;eyIgTaMgGs;
Kña edmI ,IbnþGnuvtþeKalneya)aykMENTRmg;rdæ)al
rbs;raCrdaæ Pi)al [TTYl)aneCaKC½yEfmeTot.
kñúgeKalbMNgbeRmIRbCaCn[)ankan;Etl¥
RbesIreT,Ig edIm,IsuxumalPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæ
nigvibulPaBrbs;RbeTsCati eyIgRtUvERbkøay
rdæ)alsaFarN³[eTACa { Gñkpþl;esvad¾man
RbsiT§PaBCUnRbCaBlrdæ } nigpøas;bþÚrriyabf
nigpñt;KMnitBIPaBCa { GñkRtYtRta nigGñkRtUveK
TMB½rTI 3

RtYtRta } [eTACa {Gñkpþl;esva nigGñkeRbIR)as;
esva } .
vtßúbMNgxagelIenHGacseRmceTA)an
luHRtaEtm®nþIraCkarRKb;rUbmUlKMnit nigmUlmat;Kña
ykcitþTukdak;KitKUreTAelIesckþIRtUvkarrbs;
RbCaBlrdæCaFM yl;c,as;GMBIkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn
EdlRtUvbMeBjedIm,IplRbeyaCn_rYm nigBRgwg
smtßPaBpÞal;xøÜn[)anrwgmaM edIm,IrYmcMENk[
)ankan;EtskmμkñúgkarsRmalTukçlM)akrbs;
RbCaBlrdæ k¾dUcCakarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk )an
esckIþfa riyabfm®nIþraCkarRtUvmanKuNsm,tiþ
4 y:agKW³ qnÞ³m©as;kar PkIþPaB mnsikar viC¢aCIv³
nigvb,Fm’esvasaFarN³ .
kñúgeKalbMNgpSBVpSaydl;m®nþIraCkar
TMB½rTI 4

RKb;rUb[yl;dwgkan;Etc,as;GMBIlkçNsm,tþi
TaMg 4 énrdæ)alsaFarN³ semþcGKÁmhaesna
btIeteCa naykrdæm®nþI )anpþl;Gnusasn_
d¾x<g;x<s; [erobcMcgRkg nige)aHBum<kUnesovePA
enHeT,Ig sRmab;CaCnM YysμartI nigCamUldæanEklm¥
Gakb,kiriya nigriyabfrbs;m®nþIraCkar[køayxøÜn
BitR)akdeTACaGñkpþl;esvad¾manRbsiT§PaB nig
KuNPaB CUnRbCaCneyIgEdlCaGñkeRbIR)as;
esva.
TMB½rTI 5

raCFanIPñMeBj/ éf¶TI Ex qñaM 2009
TMB½rTI 6
sux Gan
]bnaykrdæm®nþI
rdæm®nþITTYlbnÞúkTIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI
GnuRbFanGcié®nþy_én]tþmRkumRbwkSakMENTRmg;rdæ
nigCaRbFanRkumRbwkSakMENTRmg;rdæ)al

TMB½rTI 8
1-qnÞ³m©as;kar
qnÞ³m©as;kar KWCadMeNIrkarmYyEdl
CMruj tRmg;Tis nigEfrkSanUvriyabfmnusS
eTAkñúgTisénkarseRmceKalbMNgNamYy.
ktþamYyEdlnaM[buKÁl b¤Rkum b¤GgÁPaBTTYl
eCaKC½y KWktþaqnÞ³beRmIkargarrbs;buKÁlenaH
b¤smaCikenAkñúgRkum b¤GgÁPaBenaH. qnÞ³beRmI
kargarenH epþImecjBImnsikarrbs;buKÁl b¤Rkum
minEmnCaktþakMNt;b¤Cakarcab;bgçMenaHeT k¾b:uEnþ
CaTUeTAtémørbs;mnusS KWpSarP¢ab;eTAnwgkargar
nigrebobénkarRbtibtþi. xageRkamenHCaktþa
mYycMnYnEdlm®nþIraCkarKYrRbtibtþiedIm,IeCaKC½y
rbs;GgÁPaBnigbuKÁlxøÜnÉg³

1>1-TwkcitþRsT,aj;kargar
TMB½rTI 9
m®nþIraCkar RtUvEtmanTwkcitþRsT,aj;
kargar nigsßab½nrbs;xøÜn BIeRBaHkargarenaHehIy
CamuxrbrBitR)akd EdlxøÜn)aneRCIserIsyk
mann½yfa m®nþIraCkarRtUvEtdwgfakargarCaGñk
kMNt;GMBIeCaKvasnanigGnaKtrbs;xøÜn. kar
eFVsRbEhsNamYy b¤karminykcitþTukdak;Na
mYyeTAelIkargar mann½yesμInwgkareFVsRbEhs
b¤karminykcitþTukdak;eTAelIGnaKtrbs;xøÜn
y:agdUecñaHEdr. RKb;fñak;dwknaMsßab½nTaMgGs;Etg
Et[témøeTAelIm®nþIraCkarNaEdlmanqnÞ³beRmI
kargar TwkcitþesμaHRtg; ehIyxitxMbMeBjkargar
[manRbsiT§PaBedIm,IeFVI[sßab½nrIkceRmIn ehIy
karvivtþGaCIBrbs;m®nþIraCkar k¾Ep¥kelIkargar
Edlm®nþIraCkarnImYy²)anbMeBjpgEdr.

1>2-karmanKMnitpþÜcepþImnigécñRbDit
eRkABIbMeBjkatBVkic©tamEpnkarEdl
GgÁPaB)andak;ecj m®nþIraCkarRtUvxitxMsikSa
EsVgyl; RtUvmanKMnitpþÜcepþImnigécñRbDit kñúg
eKalbMNgEklm¥skmμPaBkargar sMedAeFVI[
kargarmanRbsiT§PaB nigmankarrIkceRmInqab;
rh½s. karmanKMnitpþÜcepþImnigécñRbDit KWCa
ckçúvis½yEdlekIteLIgenAeBlm®nþIraCkarecH
RsT,aj;kargar ecHRsT,aj;viC¢aCIv³ nigman
eKaledAc,as;las; cg;[kargarTTYleCaKC½y
cg;[GgÁPaBmankarrIkceRmIn nigmankitüanuPaB
CaBiesskarerobcMEpnkaredIm,IGnaKtrbs;xøÜn
pÞal;pgEdr.
TMB½rTI 10

1>3-karbMeBjkatBVkic©kñúgsμartICaRkum
TMB½rTI 11
m®nþIraCkar caM)ac;RtUvmanTsSn³TUlM
TUlay nigecHrYmshkarKñabMeBjkargarkñúg
eKaledArYmEtmYy KWkareFVI[GgÁPaB)anseRmc
lT§plx<s;. kareFVIkargarrYmCaRkumenH KWCa
eKalKMnitd¾mansar³sMxan;RKb;kal³eTs³ ehIy
eKalKMnitenH CamUldæannaMdl;karkat;bnßynUv
Kmøatrvagfñak;eFVIeKalneya)ay nigfñak;Gnuvtþ
rvagm®nþI nigm®nþI CaBiesskat;bnßynUvral;kMhus
qÁgepSg² b¤karExVgKMnitKñaenAkñúgGgÁPaBEdl
krNIenHnaM[m®nþIraCkarecHeKarBRsT,aj;
rab;GanKña rYmKñaTTYlxusRtUv yl;GFüaRs½yKña
eTAvijeTAmkCaedIm.

m®nþIraCkar RtUvykcitþTukdak;Gnuvtþ[
)anm:t;ct; nigedaysμartITTYlxusRtUvx<s;
nUvParkic©Edlfñak;elIRbKl;[nigParkic©CMnaj
rbs;xøÜn. eRkayBI)anbMeBjParkic©TaMgenaH
edayeCaKC½yrYcehIy m®nþIraCkarminRtUvTuk
eBlevla[TMenrecaltRbeyaCn_enaHeT KWRtUv
manKMnitcg;ecHcg;dwgEfmeTot edaysVHEsVg
rkkargarbEnßmedayxøÜnÉg minRtUvGgÁúycaM[
kargarrt;mkrkeyIgenaHeT. enHKWCakarbNþúHnUv
mnsikarkargar nigsμartIPJak;rBJkrbs;m®nþImñak;²
RKb;eBlevla. m®nþIraCkar minRtUvxøacenOyht;
enAeBlmankargareRcIneBkb¤P½y)armÖcMeBaH
kargarlM)akeT,Iy KWRtUvEtmanPaBGMNt;
TMB½rTI 12
1>4-sμartIQμúsQμúlnwgkargar

BüayamCanic© edIm,IseRmceCaKC½ykñúgkargar.
PaBx¢Ix¢a eFVI[rYcEtBIéd edayminKitGMBIlT§pl
kargar minKitBIplRbeyaCn_rYm KWCaRbkarEdl
RtUvecosvag[xagEt)an. PaBmankargareFVI
CaRbcaM nwgeFVI[m®nþIraCkarBRgwg)annUvsmtßPaB
rbs;xøÜn RBmTaMgTTYl)annUvbTBiesaF cMeNHdwg
cMeNHeFVI nigCMenOTukcitþBIfñak;dwknaM Efm
eTotpg.
1>5-karCmñH]bsKÁ
TMB½rTI 13
CaTUeTA KμankargarNaEdlminCbY ]bsKÁ
enaHeT b:uEnþ]bsKÁminEmnCar)aMgEdlmkraMgsÞH
kargarrbs;eyIgRKb;eBlenaHEdr. mü:ageTot
RKb;]bsKÁTaMgGs; minEmnsuT§EtGaRkk;enaHeT
]bsKÁxøHpþl;nUvbTBiesaFd¾kRmsRmab;eyIg

mñak;²pgEdr. dUecñHm®nrþI aCkarTaMgGs;RtUvEt
Rbkan;x¢ab;nUvsμartITTYlxusRtUvx<s; ehIyeRtom
xøÜnRKb;eBledIm,Ikat;bnßybBaða nigCmñH]bsKÁ
EdlekItman minRtUvP½yxøac rYjra nigCaBiess
minRtUve)aHbg;ecalParkic©rbs;xøÜnCadac;xat.
eRkABIcMNucTaMgLaydUc)anerobrab;xag
elIenAmancMNucsMxan;²mYycMnYneTotEdlm®nþI
raCkarRtUvEtRbkan;x¢ab;dUcCa³ TImYy mansμartI
ts‘UGMNt;Büayam nigminrYjracMeBaHParkic© TIBIr
mankarKitTukCamun TIbI mankarEckrMElk
bTBiesaF nigcMeNHdwgdl;GñkrYmkargar TIbYn
mankarQWq¥alecHCYyGñkdéT TIR)aM kartaMgcitþ
mkeFVIkarBitR)akd minEmnRKan;EtmkkEnøg
eFVIkarehIymineFVIkar TIR)aMmYy mankarlHbg;
TMB½rTI 14

x<s;edIm,IbuBVehturYm TIR)aMBIrcat;TukxøÜnCaGñkbeRmI
RbCaBlrdæ nigTIR)aMbI eKarBzananuRkm nigman
KNenyüPaBCaedIm.l.
2-PkþIPaB
TMB½rTI 15
PkþIPaBKWCaesckþIRtUvkarEdlmnusS
kñúgsgÁmGriyFm’RtvU EtRbkan;x¢ab ; edIm,eI lIktemgáI
kitþiys nigesckþIéføfñÚr TaMgkñúgnambuKÁlnig
kñúgnamsßab½n EdlxøÜnkMBugbeRmIkargarpg.
PkþIPaBenH eTaHbICaBMumanEcgenAkñúgc,ab;b¤bBaØtþi
epSg² b¤k¾CakatBVkic©k¾eday k¾enHKWCasuCIvFm’
nigsIlFm’EdlCaKuNtémøxagcriyaFm’rbs;
mnusS. PkþIPaBenHbgðaj[eXIjeLIgtamrebob
énkarKit karRbtibtþirbs;buKÁlnImYy² Edl
skmμPaBTaMgenHEsþgecjnUvesckþIéføfñÚr kar
TTYlxusRtUv nigplRbeyaCn_rbs;GgÁPaB nig

plRbeyaCn_saFarN³.
m®nþIraCkarEdlRbkbedaymnsikar
RtUvRbkan;x¢ab;nUvPkþIPaBtamry³skmμPaBmYy
cMnYn dUcxageRkam³
2>1-karyl;dwgGMBIsPaBkarN_
m®nrþI aCkarRtUvmanTsSn³TUlMTUlay
EdleRkABIcMeNHdwgCamUldæanrbs;xøÜn m®nþI
raCkarRKb;rUbcaM)ac;RtUveFIVkarsikSa nigEsVgyl;
bEnßmnUvkarvivtþénsPaBkarN_CuMvijxøÜn
sPaBkarN_vivtþkñúgsgÁm nigBiPBelak CaBiess
karvivtþrIkceRmInrbs;raCrdæaPi)alEdlxøÜnkMBug
bMeBjkargar. karEsVgyl;BIsPaBkarN_ KWCa
karbegáInnUvCMenOsμartITTYlxusRtUv cMeNHdwg
karpþÜcepþImKMnit edIm,ICMrujkarRbtibtþikargar
rbs;xøÜn[manRbsiT§PaBnigmankarrIkceRmIndl;
TMB½rTI 16

RksYgsßab½nrbs;xøÜnnigeFVI[mankarÉkPaBCaFøúg
mYyenAkñúgRksYg sßab½neTotpg.
2>2-PkþIPaBcMeBaHsßab½n
m®nþþIIraCkarRtUvmanPaBesμaHRtg; b¤PkþI
PaBCanic©cMeBaHRbeTsCati cMeBaHeKalneya)ay
nigmaK’adwknaMrbs;raCrdæaPi)al cMeBaHpl
RbeyaCn_rdæ cMeBaHfñak;dwknaM nigcMeBaHRksYg
sßab½nrbs;xøÜn ehIyPkþIPaBenH CamUldæancaM)ac;
Edlm®nþIRKb;rUbRtUvRbkan;x¢ab;RKb;kal³eTs³ngi RKb;
TIkEnøgEdlxøÜnbMeBjkargar Gacniyay)anfaCa
KuNFm’Edlm®nrþI aCkarRKb;rUbRtUvEtRbkan;x¢ab;.
2>3-PkþIPaBcMeBaHviC¢aCIv³
m®nrþI aCkarRKb;rUb RtUvbMeBjkargar
RbkbedaykarTTYlxusRtUvx<s; manmnsikar
TMB½rTI 17

viC¢aCIv³x<s;kñúgeKaledAeFVI[GgÁPaBrIkceRmIn.
m®nrþI aCkarTaMgGs;RtUvbgðaj[eXIjfa xøÜnman
smtßPaBkñúgviC¢aCIv³CadrabkñúgkarRbtibtþimuxgar
rbs;xøÜn. kñúgn½yenH m®nrþI aCkarRKb;rUbmin
RtUveFVI[xUcb¤Gab;»nkitüanuPaBrbs;rdæ)al
saFarN³ KWrkSanUvBaküsMdIEdlniyayecjeTA
b¤sresrecjeTAedayRbugRby½tñ minniyay
GVIEdlb:HBal;dl;kitþiys kitüanuPaBrbs;RksYg
sßab½n GgÁPaB b¤smtßkic©fñak;dwknaMrbs;xøÜn.
m®nþIraCkar RtUveKarBkarsm¶at;viC¢aCIv³ eRBaHfa
kareFVI[EbkFøaynUvkarsm¶at;viC¢aCIv³ nwgnaM[
)at;bg;nUvPaBrlUnenAkñúgdMeNIrkarkargar b¤
PaBclaclkñúgsgÁm b¤k¾GacbNþal[mankar
KaMgsÞHkargar EdlGacb:HBal;dl;suvtßiPaB
TMB½rTI 18

rdæ)alpgEdr. m®nrþI aCkar eFVIkarenAkEnøgNa
minRtUvniyayGaRkk;BIGñkdwknaMkEnøgenaHeLIy
EtRtUvmanParkic© katBVkic©rkSakarBarkitþisBÞ
rbs;fñak;dwknaMb¤GgÁPaBenATIenaH. müa:geTot
m®nrþI aCkarTaMgGs; RtUveFIVyag: NakuM[EbkFøay
ecjeTAeRkAnUvral;ehtku arN_ RKb;B½t’man b¤
ÉksarTaMgLayNaEdlxøÜn)andwg )anB¤enA
kñúgkargar b¤kñúgkarbMeBjkargarRbsinebIKaμ nkar
GnuBaØatBIfñak;elIrbs;xøÜn b¤eRkABIsmtßkic©rbs;
xøÜn b¤KμankarkMNt;edayc,ab;.
2>4-PkPIþ aBceM BaHRbCaBlrdEæ dlCaGkñ eRbRI )ase; sva
m®nrþI aCkarRKb;rUbRtUvra:b;rgkargar b¤
esvaTaMgLay EdlGgÁPaBb¤fñak;dwknaMRbKl;CUn
b¤cat;taMg[Gnuvtþ eRBaHkargarEdlm®nrþI aCkar
TMB½rTI 19

TTYlGnuvtþ KWCakargarrdæ kargarsaFarN³
EdlRtUv)anEbgEck nigkMNt;c,as;las;cMeBaH
m®nþImñak;² ehIytRmUvkarcaM)ac;[m®nþIenaHman
vtþmanCaRbcaMedIm,IbMeBjkargarenaHEdlCa
tMNagGMNacsaFarN³. eRkABIbMeBjkatBVkic©
kñúgRkbxNÐénsmtßkic©rbs;xøÜn m®nrþI aCkar
TaMgGs;RtUvRbkan;x¢ab;nUvvb,Fm’ :Gñkpþl;esva
nigGñkeRbIR)as;esva : BIeRBaHRbCaBlrdæKWCa
GtifiCnCaRbcaM EdlpSarP¢ab;eTAnwgskmμPaB
kargarrbs;m®nrþI aCkarRKb;rUb eTaHedaycMeBaHb¤
edaymincMeBaHkþI. m®nrþI aCkarRKb;rUbRtUvykcitþ
Tukdak;cMeBaHkargarrbs;xøÜn nigpþl;GaTiPaBeTA
elIesckþIRtUvkarrbs;RbCaBlrdæ EdlCaGñk
eRbIR)as;esva tamry³karpþl;nUvCMenOTukcitþ
TMB½rTI 20

RbsiT§PaBkargar tmøaPaB nigkareFVITMnak;TMng
RbkbedayPatrPaB.
3-mnsikarviC¢aCIv³
m®nþIraCkarTaMgGs; suT§EtsßitenAeRkam
karRKb;RKgénc,ab;nigbTb,BaØtþiepSg²erog²xøÜn
eTaHCaenAbeRmIkargarkúñgvis½yNakþI ¬]TahrN_
m®nþIraCkarsIuvilRtUvsßitenAeRkamkarRKb;RKg
énc,ab;sþIBIshlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsIuvil én
RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa niglkçnþik³edayET,kén
RkbxNnÐ ImYy²¦. EfmBIelIenHeTot enAkgñú viC¢aCIv³
rbs;xøÜn m®nþIraCkark¾RtUvmankatBVkic©eKarBc,ab;
déTeTotrbs;rdæpgEdr kñúgnamxøÜnCaBlrdæmñak;.
edIm,IbMeBjviC¢aCIv³[)anl¥ m®nþIraCkar
RKb;rUbRtUvEtGnuvtþ[)anmWugm:at;nUvkatBVkic©
TMB½rTI 21

nanaEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgc,ab;nigbTb,BaØtþi
epSg² b:uEnþkatBVkic©mYycMnYneTot dUcCakatBVkic©
EpñksIlFm’CaedIm BitEmnEtminmankarkMNt;
enAkñúgc,ab;b¤bTb,BaØtþiepSg² k¾m®nþIraCkarRtUvEt
ykcitþTukdak;KitKUrpgEdr edaytRmUv[elIk
kms< ;mnsikarviC¢aCIv³ mnsikareshñ aCati matPu mU i
CaedIm.
karelIkkm<s;smtßPaBviC¢aCIv³nigkar
TTYlxusRtUvGMBIkic©karrbs;xøÜn KWCakatBVkic©
sMxan;Edlm®nþIraCkarRKb;rUbRtUvbMeBj[)an
edIm,IRbsiT§PaBkargar. skmμPaBsMxan;²mYy
cMnYnEdlm®nþIraCkarRbkbedaymnsikarviC¢aCIv³
RtUvRbtibtþi mandUcxageRkam³
m®nþIraCkarRtUvRbwgERbg[Gs;lT§PaB
TMB½rTI 22
3>1-

edIm,IbMeBjkargarCamYynwgmeFüa)ay
Edlman sMedAeFVI[mankarrIkceRmInnig
manRbsiT§PaB .
m®nþIraCkarRtUvykcitþTukdak;[)anc,as;
las;kñúgkarbMeBjkargarnigmanmnsikar
eFVIkargaredIm,IseRmclT§pl Rsbtam
EpnkarskmμPaBEdl)aneRKagTukb¤skmμ
PaBkargarEdlfñak;elIRbKl;[ .
m®nþIraCkarRtUvebþCJacitþeFVIkarGPivDÆxøÜn
nigeRbIR)as;smtßPaB cMeNHdwg CMnaj PaBbuin
Rbsb; nigcritlkçN³rbs;xøÜn[)anCa
Gtibrma nigRbkbedayesckþIéføfñÚr .
m®nþIraCkarRtUvsVitsVajkñúgkareFVIkargar
CamYym®nþIraCkardéTeTotnigRtUvseRmc
3>2-
3>3-
3>4-
TMB½rTI 23

lTp§ lkargarCamyY Kañ enaH[)anRtwmRtUv .
m®nþIraCkarRtUvh‘anlHbg;kmøaMgkaynig
citþcMeBaHkargarEdlmanCMnajx<s;nig
ebþCJacitþbeRmIplRbeyaCn_saFarN³ .
m®nþIraCkarcaM)ac;RtUvbegáInsmtßPaBCMnaj
ÉkeTs cMeNHdwg nigbTBiesaFrbs;xøÜn
edIm,IGPivDÆviC¢aCIv³rbs;xøÜn[Tan;sPaBkarN_
CaerogrhUt .
m®nþIraCkarminGacykeBlevlabMeBjkargar
eTARbkbviC¢aCIv³ÉkCnbEnßmedIm,Iyk
kéRm)aneT eTaHCakñúgRbePTNak¾eday
KWGaceFVI)anEtkñúgkrNIEdlc,ab;GnuBaØat
b:ueNÑaH.
m®nþIraCkarminGacTTYlykedaypÞal;b¤
TMB½rTI 24
3>5-
3>6-
3>7-
3>8-

3>9-
3>10-
edayRbeyaltamry³tMNagrbs;xøÜnnUv
plRbeyaCn_nana BInrNamYy b¤BIsh
RKasmYyEdlsßitenAeRkamkarRtYtBinitü
rdæ)alrbs;GgÁPaBEdlxøÜneFVIkarb¤GgÁPaB
EdlxøÜnmanTMnak;TMngCamYyenaH)aneT
ebIplRbeyaCn_enaHeFVI[b:HBal;dl;GBüa
RkwtPaBrbs;m®nþIþIraCkar.
m®nþIraCkarRtUvrkSakarsm¶at;viC¢aCIv³ tam
eKalkarN_nigsμartIdUcmanEcgkñúgc,ab;Ca
Frman. ]TahrN_ RKUeBTüminRtUvyksßan
PaBrbs;GñkCMgWmñak; eTAlatRtdagR)ab;
Gkñ déT KN³emRbeyaKminRtUveFVI[EbkFøaynUv
viBaØasasRmab;karRbT,geT,Iy.l.
m®nþIraCkarRtUvRbkan;x¢ab;nUvkatBVkic©
TMB½rTI 25

lkNç karN_ mann½yfa minniyay b¤sresr
BIGVIEdleFVI[b:HBal;dl;kitþiys nig
kitüanuPaBrbs;GgÁPaB b¤smtßkic©
fñak;dwknaMrbs;xøÜn.
m®nrþI aCkar eTaHCasßitkñúgtYnaTI bz¤ ananuRkm
Nak¾edayRtUvEtTTYlxusRtUvelIkarRbtibtiþ
rbs;xøÜn cMeBaHParkic©Edl)anRbKl;[.
m®nþIraCkarmankatBVkic©r:ab;rgesvarbs;xøÜn
eTAtamkarcat;taMgrbs;fñak;elI ecosvag
karcenøaHRbehagenAkñúgkarbMeBjmuxgar
rbs;xøÜn EdlnaM[mankarqÁaMqÁgenAkñúgviC¢a
CIv³Cam®nþIraCkarbeRmIrdæ.
m®nþIraCkarmankatBVkic©eKarBvin½ykargar
em:ageBleFVIkarnigbTbBa¢aépÞkñúgrbs;GgÁ
TMB½rTI 26
3>11-
3>12-
3>13-

PaB[)anmWugm:at; edIm,IFananirnþrPaBén
esvasaFarN³. karxkxan RBegIykenþIy
esaHGegÁIymin)anbMeBjkatBVkic©enHnwg
naMmknUvplvi)akF¶n;F¶rdl;GñkRtUvTTYl
GtßRbeyaCn_BIesvasaFarN³ nigkitüanuPaB
énrdæ)alsaFarN³pgEdr. k¾b:uEnþcMeBaH
kargarcaM)ac;bnÞan; nigkargarCMnajxøH
TamTar[m®nþIeyIgmanqnÞ³lHbg;x<s;
eFVIkargarelIsem:agkMNt;edIm,IeqøIytb
eTAnwgsPaBkarN_Cak;Esþg. ]TahrN_
kargarrdæ)alxøHmankarRbjab;xøaMgEdl
tRmUv[eFVI[cb;kñúgeBlevlamYykMNt;KW
RtUvEteFVIbegðIy minGacBnüareBl)an.
RKUeBTüvHkat;EdlkMBugdMeNIrkarvHkat;Gñk
TMB½rTI 27

CMgWminGacTukecalsin ehIybnþkarvHkat;
enAeBleRkayeTot)aneT.
m®nþIraCkarTaMgGs; RtUvEteKarBbBa¢arbs;
fñak;elIEdl)ancat[; eTAbeRmIkargar eTaHCa
enATINakI þ . m®nrþI aCkarminRtUveFVIkar[rYcBIéd
xVHkarTTYlxusRtUvnigminKitGMBIRbsiT§PaB
kargar nigplRbeyaCn_saFarN³enaH
eT,Iy.
rdæ)alsaFarN³ KWCardæ)alzananuRkm
tRmUv[fñak;eRkameKarBfñak;elICahUrEh
tamlMdab;fñak;. kñúgn½yenH edIm,IBRgwg
RbsiT§PaBkargar nigedIm,IFana)annUv
karTTYlxusRtUvx<s;kñúgkargar ral;kar
cat;taMg kardak;cuHnUvbTbBa¢aRtUvEtGnuvtþ
TMB½rTI 28
3>14-
3>15-

[)anRtwmRtUveTAtamnItiviFI nigtam
eKalkarN; _ KWRtUveKarB[)annvU eKalkarN_
nItirdæ.
4-vb,Fm’esvasaFarN³
TMB½rTI 29
esvasaFarN³ KWral;skmμPaBTaMg
T,ayEdleFVIeT,Igedaysßab½nrdæ b¤Pñak;garrdæ b¤
GaCJaFrRKb;lMdab;fñak;TaMgGs;rbs;rdæ Edl
bMeBjkargartamEdnkMNt;rbs;xøÜn b¤EpñkÉkCn
nigsgÁmsIuvilEdlTTYl)ansiT§inigParkic©BIrdæ
ehIyEdlsßitenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgRtYtBinitü
rbsr; dæ b¤Pñak;garrdæ kñúgeKaledAbeRmIplRbeyaCn_
saFarN³. esvasaFarN³dUc)ankMNt;n½y
xagelI RtUv)ancgRkgnigRbmUlpþMúCa7RbePTFM²
dUcmankMNt;enAkñúgeKalneya)aysþIBIkarpþl;

esvasaFarN³ eTAtamvis½ynigkarTTYlxusRtUv
rbs;RksYg sßab½nnImYy² dUcxageRkam³
- cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgGFibetyüPaBrdæ
- cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgEpñksnþisuxsNaþ bF; ñab;
saFarN³nigsuvtßiPaBsgÁm
- cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgyutþiFm ’nigGaCJakNþal
- cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgkarelIkkm<s;kic©kar
BaNiC¢kmμ shRKasFuntUcnigmFüm brsi ßan
vinieyaKnigkarcUlrYmrbs;EpñkÉkCn kñúgkar
ksag nigkarEfTaMehdæarcnasm<½n§
- cegáamesvasgÁmkic© vb,Fm’nigkic©karnarI
- cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgkarGPivDÆehdæarcna
sm<½n§rUbv½nþ
- cegáamesvaBak;B½n§nwgkarRbmUlcMNUlnig
TMB½rTI 30

kareFVIvicarNkmμcMNaynigkarebIkpþl;.
karpþl;esva)anl¥ manRbsiT§PaBnig
KuNPaB KWCakarcUlrYmy:agskmμkñúgkarelIk
sÞÜykRmitCIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaBlrdæ[)an
RbesIreT,Ig EdlCaeKalbMNgrbs;raCrdæaPi)al
kñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk. edIm,IseRmc)an
eKalbMNgenH m®nþIraCkarRKb;rUbRtUvEtbNþúHnUv
vb,Fm’esvasaFarN³ [)andk;Cab;kñúgpñt;KMnit
rbs;xøÜn edIm,IkøayeTACaTmøab;dUckarGnuvtþenA
kñúgvis½yÉkCn.
enAkñúgcMeNamm®nþIraCkar vb,Fm’esva
saFarN³GacmankarBi)akyl; k¾b:uEnþenAkñúg
TsSnvis½yrbs;ÉkCnvij KWmanPaBsamBaØbMput
TMB½rTI 31

edayeKcat;Tukfa {GtifiCnCaesþc} ehIy
{kareBjcitþrbs;GtifiCn KWCaParkic©rbs;eK}.
qøgtambribTenHehIy Edlm®nþIraCkarenAkñúg
vis½yrdæ)alsaFarN³rbs;rdæ caM)ac;RtUvepþat
karykcitþTukdak;eTAelIesckþIRtUvkarrbs;
RbCaBlrdæ nigEkERbrebobrbbénkarbMeBj
kargarkñúgeKalbMNg beRmIRbCaBlrdæ[)an
kan;Etl¥RbesIreLIg tamry³karERbkøayxøÜn[
eTACa {Gñkpþl;esvad¾manRbsiT§PaB } .
vb,Fm’esvasaFarN³ epþatelIeKal
karN_mYycMnYndUcxageRkam³
4>1-karpøas;bþÚrriyabf
enAkñúgrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgrbs;rdæ KWman
zananuRkm b:uEnþrdæaPi)alCamYyRbCaBlrdæ BmuM an
TMB½rTI 32

zananuRkmeT. ehtuenHehIy m®nþIraCkarcaM)ac;
RtUvEkERbriyabfnigrebobrbbénkareFVITMnak;
TMngCamYyRbCaBlrdæEdlCaGñkeRbIR)as;esva
RbkbedayesckþIéføfñÚr manPatrPaB nigkar
TTYlxusRtUvx<s;. karpøas;bþÚrriyabfKWCaktþacaM
)ac;edIm,I[m®nþIraCkarRKb;rUbbMeBjtYnaTICaGñk
beRmId¾esμaHRtg;rbs;RbCaBlrdæ mann½yfaRtUv
pøas;bþÚrBIPaBCa :GñkRtYtRtaeK : eTACa :Gñkpþl;
esva : vij. kargarenHCakarlM)akk¾BitEmn
k¾b:uEnþminhYskRmitEdleyIgminGaceFVI)anenaH
eT [EteyIgxitxMRbwgERbgeFVITaMgGs;Kña.
4>2-Gñkpþl;esva
kareFVITMnak;TMngnigrebobrbbeFVIkargar
RtUvepþateTAelIesckþIRtUvkarCak;Esþgrbs;GñkeRbI
TMB½rTI 33

R)as;esva. esckþIRtUvkarrbs;RbCaBlrdæEdl
CaGñkeRbIR)as;esvaenaHehIy KWCaGaTiPaB
nigCakatBVkic©Edlm®nþIraCkar ¬Gñkpþl;esva¦RtUv
eqøIytbRbkbedaymnsikarviC¢aCIv³nigesckþIéfø
fñÚr. m®nþIIraCkar minRtUveRbIR)as;tYnaTInigmux
tMENgrbs;xøÜneFVI[RbCaBlrdæmankarlM)ak
b¤mankarP½yxøaceT b:uEnþpÞúyeTAvij RtUvpþl;nUv
CMenOTukcitþ bM)at;nUvPaBP½yxøac pþl;nUvPaB
kk;ekþA rak;Tak; kareKarBnigeFVI[RbCaBlrdæ
eBjcitþcMeBaHskmμPaBkargarnigGtþcrikrbs;
m®nþIraCkarb¤GgÁPaBEdlCaGñkpþl;esva.
4>3-GñkRbwkSaeyabl;
RtUvykcitþTukdak;pþl;B½t’mannigBnül;
[)anc,as;dl;RbCaBlrdæ GMBInItiviFI rebobrbb
TMB½rTI 34

nigEbbbTepSg²énkarpþl;esvasaFarN³.
sMNYrrbs;RbCaBlrdæ RtvU EtmancemøIynigminRtvU
bgðajnUvGakb,kiriyaFujRTan; RkGWtRkTm erIs
eGIgrvagGñktUcnigGñkFM rvagGñkRknigGñkman
GñkERsnigGñkRkugeLyI BeI RBaHRKb;sMNYrb¤cm¶l;
TaMgGs; bgðaj[eXIjnUvesckþIRtUvkar nigkar
cg;ecHcg;dwgrbs;GñkeRbIR)as;esva ehIyTaMgGs;
enHmansar³sMxan;cMeBaHkarRbtibtiþkargarrbs;
eyIgpÞal; nigeFVIkarEklm¥ sMedA[esvaEdl)an
pþl;eqøIytbeTAnwgtRmUvkarrbs;GñkeRbIR)as;.
4>4-karsRmbsRmYl
ynþkarsRmbsRmYl mansar³sMxan;
eTAelIdMeNIrkarénkarpþl;esvanigkarmkTTYl
ykesvaeTAeRbIR)as; BIeRBaHvanaMmknUvkarkat;
TMB½rTI 35

bnßyKmøatrvagGñkpþl;esvanigGñkeRbIR)as;esva
rvagkaryl;RcLM b¤karExVgKMnitKña.l. CaBei ss
eFVI[nItiviFIénkarpþl;esvamanPaBsamBaØ xøI nig
Tan;eBlevla nigmanPaBrlUnenAkñúgTRmg;
kargarTaMgGs;.
edayET,k enAkñúgvis½yepSg²dUcCa
rdæ)alFurkic© suxaPi)alCaedmI eK)anelIkeT,IgnUv
BaküesøakmYycMnYnEdlmanxøwmsarmutRsYc edIm,I
Tak;Tajkarcab;GarmμN_rbs;GñkeRbIR)as; eTAelI
rebobrbbénkarpþl;esvakñúgvis½yrbs;eK dUcCa³
- { GtifiCn KWCaesþc }
- { kareBjcitþrbs;Gs;elakGtifiCn KWCa
katBVkic©rbs;eyIg´CaFurCnnigCaGñkpþl;esva }
- { GñkCMgW KWCam©as; }.
TMB½rTI 36

KuNsm,tþiTaMg4y:agdUc)anerobrab;
xagelIenH KWCakarelIkbgðajnUvcMNucsMxan;²
mYycMnYn sRmab;CaCMnYydl;m®nþIraCkarkñúgkar
Rbtibtþikargar nigkarpøas;bþÚrriyabfkargar
rbs;xøÜn. m®nþIraCkarEdlbMeBj)annUvKuNsm,tiþ
TaMg4 y:agenH minRtwmEteFVI[RbCaBlrdæEdlCa
GñkeRbIR)as;esvamankareBjcitþeBjeføImb:ueNÑaH
eT b:uEnþ)anrYmcMENky:agskmμkñúgkareFVI[
seRmceKaledArbs;raCrdæaPi)alpg BRgwgnItirdæ
nigGPi)alkic©l¥kñúgrdæ)alsaFarN³pg nig
elIksÞÜykitþiysGgÁPaB RBmTaMgesckþIéføfñÚr
pÞal;xøÜnrbs;m®nþIraCkarmñak;²pgEdr.
r-s
TMB½rTI 37

r-s
TMB½rTI 38 -- lkçNsm,tþi énrdæ)alsaFarN³

kMENTRmg;rdæ)al
eKalbMNg³
beRmIRbCaCn[)ankan;Etl¥RbesIreT,Ig edIm,I
suxumalPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæ
nigvibulPaBRbeTsCati
eKaledA³
rdæ)alsaFarN³køayCaGkñ pþl;esvad¾s½kiþsiT§ tamry³
kareFIV[rdæ)alsaFarN³ kan;Etman
tmøaPaB PaBeqøIytb RbsiT§PaB
nigkarelIkkm<s;
qnÞ³m©as;kar PkIþPaB mnsikarviC¢aCIv³
vb,Fm’esvasaFarN³

kMENTRmg;rdæ)al
eKalbMNg³
beRmIRbCaCn[)ankan;Etl¥RbesIreT,Ig edIm,I
suxumalPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigvibulPaBRbeTsCatieygI
eKaledA³
rdæ)alsaFarN³køayCaGñkpþl;esvad¾s½kiþsiT§ tamry³
kareFIV[rdæ)alsaFarN³ kan;Etman
- tmøaPaB
- PaBeqøIytb
- RbsiT§PaB
nigkarelIkkm<s;
- qnÞ³m©as;kar
- PkIþPaB
- mnsikarviC¢aCIv³
- vb,Fm’esvasaFarN³

�ݺ�ߣ

four value-in-khmer

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