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The document discusses the female reproductive system and related topics. It defines gynecology as the medical specialty focused on the female reproductive organs. A gynecologist is a physician who specializes in treating women. Gestation refers to the approximately 40 week period of fetal development from fertilization to birth.
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This document summarizes key aspects of gynecology, including:
1) Gynecology is the study of the female reproductive system including the vagina, ovaries, and uterus, covering topics like pregnancy, contraception, fertility, and diseases.
2) Examinations by gynecologists use tools like speculums and can diagnose issues like infections, incontinence, infertility, and cancer. Therapies include procedures like tubal ligation and laparoscopy.
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4.1 What Are Prenatal and Neonatal Stages of Development?
When considering theimportance of child development, it is common to think of contexts that begin during infancy and continue through toddlerhood, including nutrition, learning, and building relationships. However, a childs developmental journey truly begins at conception. Chapter 2 explored the importance of genetics and experiences during the time before birth. The period from conception through birth is called the prenatal stage. During this time, the mother and her support team are ultimately responsible for providing the child with everything needed to grow physically and mentally. They are equally as responsible for protecting the child from harm during this period. The prenatal period is crucial for preparing the child for exposure to the outside world.
The next developmental stage in this journey begins immediately after birth and continues through the first 4 weeks of life. This is called the neonatal stage. Babies are especially vulnerable during this time period. Every detail about how they eat, sleep, and interact with other people can have huge implications for their future development. These implications are important for early childhood caregivers to recognize, regardless of the age at which the child begins receiving care.
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4.2 Prenatal Development
What occurs from conception to birth is a complex and intricate process. In discussing this process, we focus first on how conception occurs, the distinction between gestational age and fetal age, and the phases of prenatal development.
Conception
Each month in the female body, an egg is released from the ovary as part of the reproductive cycle. The process of releasing the egg, or ovum, is called ovulation. Ovulation typically occurs halfway through a womans menstrual cycle, approximately 14 days after menstruation begins. After ovulation, the ovum travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus (see Figure 4.1). On a typical month, the ovum continues its journey to the uterus alone and is flushed out along with the uterine lining in the menstruation process. However, if the woman has recently had intercourse, or has intercourse after the ovum is released and before it is flushed out of the body, the process can potentially be altered. The male reproductive cell, called the sperm, is designed to penetrate the wall of the recently released ovum. If a sperm successfully penetrates the ovum wall, it results in fertilization. Sperm can live in the female body for roughly 35 days, and a released ovum is viable for fertilization for anywhere from 24 to 48 hours after it is released. This means that every month there is a small, but significant, window of time in which a woman can become pregnant. Even if intercourse occurs days before ovulation takes place, fertilization i ...Reproductive systems
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Terms are important for the diagnosis. It may help in identify the sign and symptoms in female patient related to Gynecology or reproductive system. Female reproductive system
Female reproductive systemssmith352
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The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system. It discusses gynecology as the medical specialty focused on women's reproductive health. The three stages of labor and delivery are described as dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the infant, and delivery of the placenta. Finally, it notes that the uterus is the organ in which the fetus resides and develops during gestation in most mammals including humans.drug therapy in specific patient groups.pptx
drug therapy in specific patient groups.pptxyisihakchalachew
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Osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterized by low bone density, impaired bone
architecture, and compromised bone strength predisposing to fracture.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Bone loss occurs when resorption exceeds formation, usually from a high bone turnover when the number or depth of bone resorption sites greatly exceeds the ability of
osteoblasts to form new bone. Accelerated bone turnover can increase the amount of
immature bone that is not adequately mineralized.
Men and women begin to lose bone mass starting in the third or fourth decade
because of reduced bone formation. Estrogen deficiency during menopause increases
osteoclast activity, increasing bone resorption more than formation. Men are at a
lower risk for developing osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures because of larger
bone size, greater peak bone mass, increase in bone width with aging, fewer falls, and
shorter life expectancy. Male osteoporosis results from aging or secondary causes.
Age-related osteoporosis results from hormone, calcium, and vitamin D deficiencies;
decreased production or function of cytokines; decreased body water; less exercise;
and other factors that result in accelerated bone turnover and reduced osteoblast
formation.
Drug-induced osteoporosis may result from systemic corticosteroids, excessive thyroid hormone replacement, antiepileptic drugs (eg, phenytoin, phenobarbital), depot
medroxyprogesterone acetate, and other agents.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Many patients are unaware that they have osteoporosis and only present after fracture. Fractures can occur after bending, lifting, or falling or independent of any
activity.
The most common fractures involve vertebrae, proximal femur, and distal radius
(wrist or Colles fracture). Vertebral fractures may be asymptomatic or present with
moderate to severe back pain that radiates down a leg. The pain usually subsides after
24 weeks, but residual back pain may persist. Multiple vertebral fractures decrease
height and sometimes curve the spine (kyphosis or lordosis).
Patients with a nonvertebral fracture frequently present with severe pain, swelling,
and reduced function and mobility at the fracture site.
DIAGNOSIS
The World Health Organization (WHO) Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX tool)
uses the following risk factors to predict the percent probability of fracture in the
next 10 years: age, race/ethnicity, sex, previous fragility fracture, parent history of hip
fracture, body mass index, glucocorticoid use, current smoking, alcohol (3 drinks
per day), rheumatoid arthritis, and select secondary causes with femoral neck or total
hip bone mineral density (BMD) data optional.
The Garvan calculator uses four risk factors (age, sex, low-trauma fracture, and falls)
with the option to also use BMD. It calculates 5- and 10-year risk estimates of any
osteoporotic/fragility fracture and hip fracture. This tool corrects some disadvantages
of FRAX because it includes falls and the numb1. Introduction to obstetrics
1. Introduction to obstetricsMykhailo Medvediev
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The document provides an overview of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) including:
1. OB/GYN deals with surgical care of the female reproductive system, including care for pregnant and non-pregnant patients.
2. There are several OB/GYN subspecialties focused on areas like high-risk pregnancies, infertility, cancers, and pelvic issues.
3. OB/GYN care is organized through ambulatory practices, maternity houses, gynecology departments, and various levels of hospitals.In Vitro Fertilization & Family Planning Method
In Vitro Fertilization & Family Planning MethodRozelle Mae Birador
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This document discusses infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF). It begins by explaining that infertility affects approximately 6 million individuals each year who have difficulty conceiving despite trying for months or years. Due to medical advances, IVF and other assisted reproduction methods now allow many couples to have children. IVF involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a lab dish and then transferring the embryos into the woman's uterus. The success rates of IVF are approximately 37% for women under 35 and 28% for women over 35. Nurses play an important role in supporting patients throughout the IVF process.ante intra postpartum and newborn assessment.docx
ante intra postpartum and newborn assessment.docxLloydrafael
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This document provides information on assessing clients during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. It discusses assessing the client's psychosocial response to pregnancy, checking for symptoms of postpartum complications, recognizing cultural differences, calculating due dates, monitoring the fetal heart rate, assisting with newborn care, providing prenatal education and care, assisting during labor and delivery, providing postpartum education and care, and evaluating the client's ability to care for the newborn.Fowlkeschap10
- 1. + The Female Reproductive System Lauren Fowlkes Chapter 10 Presentation
- 2. + Statements The study of the female reproductive system is the medical specialty of gynecology. A physician who specializes in the treatment of women is called a gynecologist. The time required for the development of a fetus is called gestation.
- 3. + Gynecology The word gynecology stems from the Greek words gyne meaning woman and logia meaning study. The organs involved are the female reproductive organs, which include the internal genitalia (ie. uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes and the vagina) and the external genitalia (ie. the vulva). Gynecology is typically a consultant specialty where patients are examined for conditions of the female reproductive system once a year or when an issue presents itself.
- 4. + Gynecology Exam The visit consists of a patient history assessment, Pap smear and pelvic examination. The pelvic examination examines the vagina and adjacent organs with the help of an instrument called a speculum. A Pap smear is a cell scraping of the cervix to microscopically examine them for cancer and other abnormalities.
- 5. + Gynecologist The training required to become a gynecologist is four years of medical school and then four years of a residency program. Most gynecologists are also obstetricians as well and for short are called OB-GYNs. Obstetrics is simply the study of the female reproductive system during pregnancy, so it is easy to see how these two specialties would be grouped together.
- 6. + What they treat? Although practices vary, OB-GYNs may treat patients for Preventative care Breast cancer Cervical cancer Pelvic disorders Hormonal disorders Contraceptive measures Pregnancy/Childbirth Sexually Transmitted Diseases Postpartum care Menstruation issues Menopause concerns
- 7. + Gestation Gestation is the time it takes for the fetus to develop, which is typically forty weeks. The gestation period begins at fertilization and ends at birth. Gestation is divided into three trimesters consisting of about thirteen weeks each. During gestation the fetus grows and develops to prepare for life outside the womb. All major organ systems are formed during the first trimester. A fetus receives all of its vital nourishment from the mother during gestation.
- 8. + Gestation
- 9. + Gestation