A presentation that demonstrates the use of diagrams across all stages of a research project at the University of Liverpool. The research explored academic staffs perspectives of and practices in digital literacies.
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From discourse to diagrams: research project on academic staffs digital literacies
1. Diagrams to discourse and discourse to
diagrams:
uses of visual representation in qualitative
research to support staff development of digital
literacies
Sarra Saffron Powell / T端nde Varga-Atkins
University of Liverpool
Research funded by SEDA Small Grants
SEDA conference, 15th Nov 2013, Bristol
3. During this session:
Are diagrams (or other visual
representations) viable tools to use in
your own practice?
What are the merits and limitations of
visual approaches in supporting your
critical reflection on your own
perceptions and practices?
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
4. Background
SEDA small grants
research funding
Full report available:
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
5. What was done?
Explored academic staffs:
practices in digital literacies,
staff interviews and
surveys
perspectives of those practices
within a discipline specific context.
individual and institutional enablers and constraints
explored the role of critical reflection in relation to
developing digital literacies.
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
6. Why was it done?
To understand:
how digital practices emerge;
to understand what staff are already doing;
to find out what the university could do to help support
staff in enhancing students development of digital
literacies.
the role of critical reflection in the development of
digital literacies
To promote the digital literacies agenda and improve the
student experience
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
7. Defining digital literacies
functional competence (externus) and capability (internus)
flexible
confident
agile adopter
capable
critically reflective
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
9. The value of diagrams
A diagram is a visual
representation that shares
the properties of
written text and
representational
images,
but cannot be reduced to
either
(Blackwell, 2001, p.1).
http://cas.uchicago.edu/workshops/earlymodernphil/fi
les/2013/04/descartesoptics.jpg
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
10. Not just 1000 words: new insights
Harper (2002)
Pic credit: Wikipedia: HikingArtist
Powell&Varga-Atkins
Varga-Atkins & OBrien
(2009)
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
11. Mmm, useful
visual modalities, unbound
by the linearity of text (Land,
2011), are especially suited to
explore both selfperception
and practices,
whilst depicting the
multimodal,
multi-directional complexities
of those practices in context
of developing digital
literacies.
Credit: Adeen Flinker, UC Berkeley
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
12. Let us take you through
each stage in our research cycle
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
14. The big challenge
Not to pre-empt
responses
We wanted participants
to volunteer where they
engaged with
technology
http://rob-colvin-art.tumblr.com/post/61121517694/the-bigchallenge-by-rob-colvin-acrylic-and
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
16. Participatory diagramming (a
rebus)
Start
Solution
We posed a learning and teaching problem and asked
staff to chart the their approaches and activities to reach
a solution
Challenges: varying comfort levels and a feeling of
being under prepared (Umoquit et al 2008).
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
18. Paired Activity. Take 2-3 stickers. Interview your pair
about their use of these selected technologies.
When do you use these technologies and how?
Observe the questions below and be ready to feed back
about your experience as interviewer/interviewee.
Interviewer
How helpful is the visual
task in getting your
data? To what extent is
the structure offered by
the diagram help or
hinder?
Interviewee
How helpful is the visual
task in helping you
formulate your thinking?
To what extent is the
structure offered by the
diagram help or hinder?
19. Diagrammatic elicitation
can be participant- or researcher-led
(Umoquit et al 2013);
= A more
practices
realistic representation of academic staffs range of digital
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
20. Diagrams to elicit discourse
Triggers: Visuals/diagrams can elicit ideas that may otherwise
remain unarticulated and promote general discussion.
(Gaskell, 2000 in Crilly et al 2006)
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
21. Dilemma of Diagramming:
balance between openness and
structure
use
aware but not use
tried and
rejected
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
31. to infographics
I see the relevance
Training &
evidence
I see it as my
role
6
Need
training?
0
They are ok!
5
21
8
Point to evidence about
embedded practices;
example definitions and
embedded practices in a
disciplinary context
0
0
I have the capabilities
Powell&Varga-Atkins
2
??
Excluding non-academic
staff and missing
responses, n=54
32. Reflecting on our use of visuals, they
were:
conscious
natural
necessary
emergent
see pic credits in
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
33. Discussion
Discussion
Questions
Can diagrams (or other visual representations)
be suitable tools to use in your own
practice?
What are the merits and limitations of
visual approaches in supporting your
critical reflection on your own perceptions
and practices?
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
35. Graphic > < Digital
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
36. References
Beetham, H and Sharpe, R (2011) Learning literacy development framework (JISC
workshop material)
Crilly N., Blackwell A. F., Clarkson P. J., (2006) Graphic elicitation: using research
diagrams as interview stimuli. Qualitative Research, 6(3) 341-66.
Harper, D. 2002. Talking about pictures: A case for photo elicitation. Visual Studies 17,
no. 1:1326.
Land R., (2011) Speed and the Unsettling of Knowledge in the Digital University, Digital
Difference, (series Educational Futures Rethinking Theory and Practice) (50) 61-70
Powell, S. S.; Varga-Atkins, T. (2013) Digital Literacies: A Study of Perspectives and
Practices of Academic Staff: a project report. Written for the SEDA Small Grants
Scheme. Liverpool: University of Liverpool. July. Version 1.
Powell S. S., Varga-Atkins, T. (2013) Using visual metaphors to promote critical
reflection on digital practices and perspectives: Workshop Guidance
Umoquit, M., Tso, P., Varga-Atkins, T., OBrien, M., & Wheeldon, J. (2013). Diagrammatic
Elicitation: Defining the Use of Diagrams in Data Collection. The Qualitative Report,
18(60), 112.
Varga-Atkins, T and O'Brien M. (2009) From drawings to diagrams: maintaining
researcher control during graphic elicitation in qualitative interviews. International Journal
of Research and Method in Education, vol. 32(1), April,53-67
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
37. Image credits
Emergent = waves by Reza Ali
http://www.syedrezaali.com/blog/?p=1214
Natural = a forest = http://www.layoutsparks.com/1/213309/greenforest-natural-road.html
Conscious: The mind of Mr Soames
http://controlv.deviantart.com/art/The-Mind-of-Mr-Soames268423113
Necessary: fractal art http://steell.deviantart.com/art/Complexity18857076
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
38. Contact
Sarra Saffron Powell sarrasaf@liv.ac.uk
Tunde Varga-Atkins @tundeva
tva@liv.ac.uk
Powell&Varga-Atkins
15 Nov 2013 SEDA
#3: sarraIn this session we demonstrate the ways in which we used visualrepresentation (diagrams) in our educational developer work as researchers in all stages of our research cycle to:Elicit data during interviews;Analyse interview data;Report writing; Disseminating research findings.As well as to communicate ideas between us.From discourse to diagrams, diagrams to discourseWill explain how we use the terms DLs and diagrams in a bit
#15: sThere is an interpretive flexibility with visual stimulus that is not afforded by language
#16: sData collection- how we used diagrams in our data collection stageOn
#17: sThiswas, clearly, limited and linear many staff took a multi-directional approach to solving problems that wasnt captured by this simplistic line. We realised we didnt want to limit our focus to just teaching activities but wanted to capture a wider range of staff activities. Participants also had varying levels of comfort in terms of sketching their approaches and there was a clear sense that the limitations of an interview setting, made them feel unprepared for the task.(tva:I also think the discomfort came from the fact that they werent sure where the technological was meant to come in- as if we had a hidden agendathey werent sure how to please us as interviewers)
#18: TundeVisual aid encourages dialogue and/or a reaction; We then developed this a form of diagrammatic elicitation of data which reflected the complexity of academic staffs activities more realistically we devised stickers to aid the interview process and where staff mentioned use of technology, we asked them to place stickers in the relevant categories according to their activities.
#20: TundeVisual aid encourages dialogue and/or a reaction; We then developed this a form of diagrammatic elicitation of data which reflected the complexity of academic staffs activities more realistically we devised stickers to aid the interview process and where staff mentioned use of technology, we asked them to place stickers in the relevant categories according to their activities.
#21: tMore important is what they say and how they say itDiagram/stickers just a trigger. But discourse is the centre of our analysis!
#22: Tunde Stickers allowed us to see that new categories emerged(because they were visual, it was obvious)We then adapted the instrument for our Phase 2 interviews
#24: This was the natural aspect of our visual analysis and helped us interrogate a large amount of data.
#25: sAs was communicating our ideas to each other
#26: TMoving on to ReportingWe will show you some of our findingsAnd how the use of diagrams were in a sense our summaries Of our findings in this piece of research.
#27: TWe drew the profile of each of our intervieweeand attributed what they said about digital literacies to each part.As you see the layers of awareness, rejection, use Have made it to the profiles (our findings from the sticker task)Attitude , awareness and critical reflection were central.
#28: Tunde Here we used the pyramid diagram model from Sharpe and BeethamAnd again mapped the def-s of DLs that staff gave against the layersWe found a new layer: something between skills/practicesAgain adv of visual: that it is obvious to show this
#29: TundeThis diagram encapsulates quite a few of aspects our findingsAdoption and taking further the diagram by Beetham and Sharpe (2010)Discovery of a layer of skills & practicesAdding critical reflection, access and awareness
#30: Now we will discuss how have gone about Thinking about dissemination (and using visualsThink back to the image on an image is 1000words!)
#31: This is the sort of typical output you may have in a researchChart with commentaryWont go into detailBut questions were on different attitudes to relevance, capabilities to DL
#32: TundeHere is something we have come up with instead,We are trying to create more of a narrative (discourse and diagrams together) encapsulated as an infographicsHere we were trying to put the 4 bar charts into a coherent imageTrying to figure out which group is the one we should tackle as eddeversNot saying the infographics is perfect!!!Experimenting with a way that would lead to effective communication
#33: sDecisive (eliciting data)Emergent (interview analysis)Natural (our primary modus operandi as individuals)Necessary (to move beyond the linearity of text and reflect subtle and complex realities)Pic credits to go into ReferencesReza ali emergent http://www.syedrezaali.com/blog/?p=1214Forest = http://www.layoutsparks.com/1/213309/green-forest-natural-road.htmlConscious: the mind of Mr Soameshttp://controlv.deviantart.com/art/The-Mind-of-Mr-Soames-268423113Necessary: fractal arthttp://steell.deviantart.com/art/Complexity-18857076
#36: Tunde Here definitions of digital literacieswere collected.(Using a diagram /petals from other projects, we adapted them slightly)Numbers: def-s in the partic categoryWhat this demonstrates (to oru staff)Is that DLs are not just functional skill sets but beyond, encompassingIdentities (nothing new in terms of findings but nice way to demonstrate it to staff, our audience)