From Lukka to Lycia: The Land of Sarpedon and St. Nicholas
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Abstract: Editors: Havva 聴kan-Erkan D端ndar Publicated By: Nihat Tekdemir Redactors: Derya nder-Merete akmak The Lycian Civilization is the product of an ancient Anatolian people known as the Lukka. The traces of this people, who spoke a language related to Luwian, have now been dated as far back as the prehistoric period by recent research, which constitutes another important step towards understanding the history of Anatolia. The Lukka people fought with the Hittites against Ramses II in the Battle of Qade邸, while the Lycians became the symbol of the Anatolian peoples when, led by Sarpedon, they came to the aid of the Trojans in the epic poem The Iliad and thus left their mark on history. With its uniquely distinctive culture, Lycia is one of the best known and investigated regions of Anatolia. Roughly coinciding with todays Teke Peninsula, this rugged geography isolated Lycia from the surrounding cultural zones, thus allowing it to compile an impressive cultural inventory of its own. The book you are holding in your hands attempts to introduce this extraordinary civilization to the reader through the latest findings and scientific approach by the experts in thefield.
From Lukka to Lycia: The Land of Sarpedon and St. Nicholas
- 2. Anadolu Uygarl脹klar脹 Serisinin beinci kitab脹d脹r. Bu seri T端pra - Yap脹 Kredi Yay脹nlar脹 ibirlii ile haz脹rlanm脹t脹r. This title is the fifth book of Anatolian Civilizations Series. A co-publication of T端pra - Yap脹 Kredi Culture, Arts and Publishing. Yap脹 Kredi Yay脹nlar脹 - 4681 ISBN 978-975-08-3710-4 Proje Koordinasyonu Project Coordination ennur ent端rk, Nihat Tekdemir Edit旦rler Editors Havva 聴kan, Erkan D端ndarw Yay脹na Haz脹rlayan Publicated By Nihat Tekdemir Redaksiyon Redaction Derya nder, Merete akmak eviriler Translations Fatih Mehmet en Grafik Tasar脹m Graphic Design Nahide Dikel Grafik Uygulama Graphic Application Arzu Yara D端zelti Proofreading Filiz zkan Bask脹 Print Promat Bas脹m Yay脹m San. ve Tic. A.. Orhangazi Mahallesi, 1673. Sokak, No: 34 Esenyurt / 聴stanbul Sertifika No: 12039 1. bask脹: 聴stanbul, Temmuz 2016 1st Printing: Istanbul, July 2016 息 Ya足p Kre足di K端l足t端r Sa足nat Ya足yn足c座lk Ti足ca足ret ve Sa足na足yi A.. 2016 Sertifika No Certificate No 12334 B端t端n yay脹n haklar脹 sakl脹d脹r. Kaynak g旦sterilerek tan脹t脹m i巽in yap脹lacak k脹sa al脹nt脹lar d脹脹nda yay脹nc脹n脹n yaz脹l脹 izni olmaks脹z脹n hi巽bir yolla 巽oalt脹lamaz. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from the publisher. Yap脹 Kredi K端lt端r Sanat Yay脹nc脹l脹k Ticaret ve Sanayi A.. Kemeralt脹 Caddesi Karak旦y Palas No: 4 Kat: 2-3 Karak旦y 34425 聴stanbul Telefon: (0 212) 252 47 00 (pbx) Faks: (0 212) 293 07 23 http://www.ykykultur.com.tr e-posta: ykykultur@ykykultur.com.tr 聴nternet sat脹 adresi: http://alisveris.yapikredi.com.tr Yap脹 Kredi K端lt端r Sanat Yay脹nc脹l脹k PEN International Publishers Circle 端yesidir. Sarpedon ve Aziz Nikolaosun lkesi Lukkadan Likyaya The Land of Sarpedon and St. Nicholas From Lukka to Lycia
- 3. 聴巽indekiler Contents L聴KYA UYGARLIININ KE聴F YKS THE STORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF LYCIAN CIVILISATION MARTIN ZIMMERMANN Likya Uygarl脹脹n脹n Kefi The Discovery of Lycian Civilisation 4 MASAL VE GEREK = M聴TOS VE TAR聴H LEGEND AND REALITY = MYTHS AND HISTORY SOPHIA BNISCH-MEYER Mitoslarda Likya ve Likyal脹lar Lycia and Lycians in Myths 12 RALF BECKS Tarih ncesinde Likya The Prehistory of Lycia 26 FRANK KOLB Beylikler D旦neminde Likya (M 550-360) Lycia During the Dynastic Period (ca. 550-360 BC) 36 CHRISTOF SCHULER Hellenistik D旦nemde Likya ve Likya Birlii (M 4. - 1. y端zy脹l) Lycia and the Lycian League in the Hellenistic Period (4th 1st century BC) 46 BLENT 聴PL聴K聴OLU Bir Roma Eyaleti Olarak Likya Lycia as a Roman Province 60 KLAUS ZIMMERMANN Osmanl脹 Fethine Kadar Dou Roma ve Bizans D旦neminde Likya Lycia in the East Roman and Byzantine Period Up to the Ottoman Conquest 68 HALKLAR, YAZI, D聴L PEOPLES, SCRIPT, LANGUAGE MAX GANDER Antik Yak脹ndou Kaynaklar脹nda Lukka, Likyal脹lar ve Trmmili Lukka, Lycians, Trmmili in Ancient Near Eastern Sources 80 DIETHER SCHRR Likyal脹lar脹n Komular脹: Solymler, Rodoslular, Milyasl脹lar, Kabalial脹lar ve Karial脹lar Neighbours of the Lycians: Solymoi, Rhodians, Milyai, Kabaleis and Carians 100 RECA聴 TEKOLU Likya Dili ve Yaz脹s脹 Lycian Language and Script 110 NOVELLA VISMARA Likya Sikkeleri Lycian Coins 122 KENTLER CITIES HARTMUT BLUM Likyan脹n Tarihi Corafyas脹 Historical Geography of Lycia 136 HAVVA 聴KAN Likya Birlii ve Eyaleti Bakenti: Patara Capital of Lycian League and Province: Patara 142
- 4. FAHR聴 IIK Beylikler D旦neminin Likya Egemeni: Ksanthos The City Ruling Lycia in the Dynastic Period: Xanthos 166 SEMA AT聴K-KORKMAZ Ana Tanr脹巽an脹n Kutsal Alan脹: Letoon Sanctuary of Mother Goddess: Letoon 186 FAHR聴 IIK Lukka lkesinin G端巽l端 Kenti: Tlos The Powerful City of the Land of Lukka: Tlos 206 NEVZAT EV聴K M端r Soluyan Kent: Myra The City Breathing Myrrh: Myra 224 SEMA DOAN Likyada Bir Hac Merkezi: Myra Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi A Pilgrimage Site in Lycia: The Church of St. Nicholas in Myra 238 MARTIN SEYER Kral Periklenin ehri: Limyra The City of King Pericle: Limyra 260 B. YELDA OLCAY UKAN Ate ve Suyla Kutsanan Kent: Olympos GKEN KURTULU ZTAKIN Olympos: The City Sanctified with Water and Fire 274 聴SA KIZGUT Hay脹rsever Opramoas脹n Kenti: Rhodiapolis The City of Opramoas the Benefactor: Rhodiapolis 288 MURAT ARSLAN Phaselis N聴HAL TNER NEN Phaselis 300 聴LKNUR ZGEN Hac脹musalar H旦y端k / Choma Erken Tun巽 Devrinden ELIZABETH BAUGHAN Bizans D旦nemine Kuzey Likyada B旦lgesel Bir Merkez Hac脹musalar H旦y端k / Choma A Regional Center in Northern Lycia, from the Early Bronze Age to the Byzantine Era 318 WERNER TIETZ Bat脹 Likya: Pinara, Telmessos, Kadyanda Western Lycia: Pinara, Telmessos, Kadyanda 336 MARTIN BACHMANN Kuzey Likya: Oinoanda, Balboura, Elmal脹 Northern Lycia: Oinoanda, Balboura, Elmal脹 350 WERNER TIETZ Orta Likya: Kyaneai, Phellos, Kekova Central Lycia: Kyaneai, Phellos, Kekova 362 MEZARLAR - NEKROPOLLER TOMBS - NECROPOLEIS OLIVER HLDEN Likya Nekropolleri ve l端 K端lt端 The Lycian Necropolis and the Cult of the Dead 376 S. GKHAN T聴RYAK聴 Milyas Boyal脹 Mezar Odalar脹: K脹z脹lbel, M端ren ve Karaburun II The Painted Tomb Chambers of Milyas: K脹z脹lbel, M端ren and Karaburun II 388 JRGEN BORCHHARDT Likya Beyleri ve Tap脹nak Mezarlar脹 Lycian Dynasts and Temple Tombs 402 ZEYNEP KUBAN Likya Kaya Mezarlar脹 Lycian Rock Tombs 410 EL聴F ZER Likya Lahitleri Lycian Sarcophagi 422
- 5. KLTR VE SANAT CULTURE AND ART FAHR聴 IIK Likya Uygarl脹脹n脹n Anadolu-聴on z端 zerine Beylikler D旦nemi Ksanthosu zelinde On the Anatolian-Ionian Essence of the Lycian Civilization In the Case of Xanthos in the Dynastic Period 436 H.-HELGE NIESWANDT Pers 聴mparatorluu D旦neminde Likya ve Likya Sanat脹nda Pers-Yak脹ndou Unsurlar脹 Lycia in the Persian Empire and Persian-Near-Eastern Elements in Lycian Art 460 CHRISTINE BRUNS-ZGAN Klasik D旦nem Likya Yontuculuu: Bi巽em ve Yorum Classical Period Lycian Sculpture: Style and Iconography 474 SERAP ERKO Likyan脹n Roma a脹 Plastii Lycian Sculptural Art of Roman Time 492 ERKAN DNDAR Likyada Seramik: retim ve Ticarete Genel Bir Bak脹 Ceramics in Lycia: An Overview on Production and Trade 504 ENG聴N AKYREK Likyada Bizans D旦nemi Mimarl脹脹 Byzantine Architecture in Lycia 520 聴NAN VE D聴N BELIEF AND RELIGION N. EDA AKYREK AH聴N Likyada Tanr脹lar ve K端ltler Gods and Cults in Lycia 536 MUSTAFA KOAK Likya Apollonu ve Kehaneti The Lycian Apollo and Oracle 550 KRAT DEM聴RC聴 Myra (Demre) Piskoposu Pataral脹 Aziz Nikolaos St. Nicholas of Patara, the Bishop of Myra (Demre) 558 L聴KYAYA ZEL UNIQUE TO LYCIA KORAY KONUK Elmal脹 Definesi The Elmal脹 Hoard 566 FAT聴H ONUR Patara Yol An脹t脹 The Monument of the Roads At Patara 570 EVKET AKTA Likya ve Milyas B旦lgesi Ahap (Tah脹l) Ambarlar脹 Wooden Granaries in Lycia and Milyas Regions 578 SLEYMAN BULUT Likyada Ar脹c脹l脹k Beekeeping in Lycia 584