The document discusses the Gazette of India, which is the government gazette and official journal of the Government of India. It is published weekly by the Department of Publication under the Ministry of Urban Development. As a public journal, it prints official government notices and is the authentic source for government policies and decisions. The Gazette of India began publication in 1950 and employs over 270 people. It is printed in both English and Hindi and has headquarters in New Delhi. The Ministry of Urban Development also began publishing an electronic version of the Gazette in 2008.
1) Otto von Bismarck was appointed by King William I of Prussia to head the Prussian government and pursue German unification through military strength and nationalism.
2) Bismarck provoked Austria into the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and secured victory, expelling Austria from German affairs.
3) Bismarck then defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, allowing him to complete German unification under Prussian leadership and creating a unified German state led by Prussia.
Geschiedenis: Weimar Crisis
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This document provides biographical information about Otto von Bismarck and other key figures involved in German unification such as Helmuth von Moltke. It discusses Bismarck's role in the wars of unification from 1864-1871 that led to the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. The constitution of the German Empire divided power between the central government and the individual states, with Prussia dominating the institutions. The document also briefly outlines the Kulturkampf, development of the Social Democratic Party, anti-socialist legislation, and state social reforms under Bismarck.
Gorbachevs parliamentary democracy and presidencymatthewhulett
油
The Congress of People's Deputies in 1989 was largely ceremonial and met only a few days a year to ratify decisions made by the party and government. It elected the Supreme Soviet to carry out legislative functions in between sessions. The Supreme Soviet served as a permanent legislature that decided most issues, while amendments to the Soviet Constitution were left to the full Congress. The Council of Ministers administered all aspects of Soviet life and managed the economy through decrees that had the same legal power as laws passed by the Supreme Soviet.
Government in France
*french republic
*Government of France
--> Republic of France
-Executive
-- Misister
-- President
-legislative
-- Senate
-- Congress
-Judicial
*Function of the French government
Thankyou very Much (Leave a Comment)
The document discusses the history of French democracy from its origins following the French Revolution to the current Fifth Republic. It traces France's difficult and non-linear path to stable democracy, including failures and revolutions. Key figures and regimes discussed include Louis XIV, the Jacobins, Napoleon Bonaparte, and the First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth French Republics. Social classes like the nobility, middle class, and working class also impacted France's political development.
8/12
France has a semi-presidential republic system of government with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. The president appoints the prime minister and other government ministers. The bicameral parliament consists of the lower National Assembly and upper Senate. Bills must pass both houses to become law. France is also part of the European Union and elects representatives to its parliament.
The document discusses the gazette and the lawmaking process in India. It defines a gazette as a public journal or newspaper of record that is authorized to publish government or legal notices. It describes The Gazette of India as the official weekly journal of the Government of India published since 1950. The summary explains that for a bill to become a law in India it must pass through both houses of parliament and receive presidential approval, and outlines the various stages of this legislative process including introduction, discussion, voting, proceedings in the other house, resolutions in joint sessions, and presidential assent.
Newspapers have evolved from bulletin boards to newsletters and newspapers reporting commercial and political news, developing into printed publications after Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the 15th century. While early newspapers varied in format, many modern concepts like objective reporting of daily events and having regular publication emerged in the 17th-18th centuries. In recent decades, the internet has posed challenges to traditional newspaper business models as advertising and readership have moved online.
History of Media Laws in the SubcontinentAbid Zafar
油
The document discusses the history of press laws in the subcontinent from the establishment of the first printing press in 1557 to modern times. Some key events include:
- The first law enforcement against English newspapers was carried out in 1799 under Lord Wellesley's Press Act.
- The Metcalf's Act of 1835 required printers and publishers to declare the location of their press and imposed fines and imprisonment for violations.
- The Licensing Act of 1857 gave the government broad powers to grant, revoke, and prohibit printing licenses and publications during unrest in 1857.
- The Newspapers Act of 1908 allowed seizing presses that published "objectionable material" inciting violence.
- The Indian Press
The document discusses the history and development of the British constitutional system and independence of the judiciary. It traces how the monarchy transitioned from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy through events like the Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights, which strengthened Parliament. The branches of government are the legislature (Parliament), executive (Cabinet), and judiciary. The judiciary consists of judges and is independent from the other branches. The origins of the modern British legal system are also outlined.
History of media laws in Sub continent and PakistanAdan Butt
油
This document provides a history of media laws in the Indian subcontinent and Pakistan from the introduction of printing presses in the 16th century through 2017. It discusses the various acts passed by British and Pakistani governments to regulate and censor the press, including the licensing acts of the 18th-19th centuries, the Press and Publications Ordinance of 1961, and the shifting control of newspapers between independent organizations and state-run entities like the National Press Trust. The document also outlines some of the challenges faced by journalists and newspapers under different regimes like those of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan.
The Press and Registration of Books Act was established in India during British rule to regulate printing presses and require the registration of books and periodicals. It aimed to collect information about printing establishments, preserve copies of publications, and regulate anonymous literature. The Act required owners of printing presses to declare their activity and for publications to include identifying information like editor and publisher names. It established penalties for non-compliance and gave governing authority to the Registrar of Newspapers of India to allocate titles, registration numbers, and certificates to publications. The Act's objectives were to regulate the industry, not prohibit publication, while respecting freedom of speech.
The role of newspaper in indian freedom struggleAmal Jith
油
The document summarizes the important role played by newspapers in India's freedom struggle against British rule. It discusses how newspapers made the Indian public aware of British cruelties, published patriotic poems and articles that challenged the British government, and informed people of independence activities. It also describes how prominent Indian leaders like Gandhi and Nehru used newspapers to propagate their nationalist ideologies to the masses. The document outlines various oppressive press laws enacted by the British to curb the growing influence of the nationalist press in India.
The document provides information about the political system and history of Sweden. It discusses Sweden's transition from a largely agrarian society to a center of heavy industry. It describes Sweden's constitutional monarchy government and unicameral parliament (Riksdag). Key political parties are outlined like the Social Democratic Party, Moderate Party, Green Party, and others. Sweden's prime minister and cabinet are responsible to the Riksdag.
The document summarizes political systems in several countries. For Great Britain, it describes the key elements of Britain's unwritten constitution, including the role of the monarchy and Parliament. It then summarizes the political systems of Japan, Mexico, and Russia. For Japan, it notes the structure of the National Diet and roles of the executive branch and bureaucracy. For Mexico, it discusses its early political history and current three-branch government system. For Russia, it outlines the country's political history since the Bolshevik Revolution and the structure of the former Soviet government.
Causes Of The Imperial Crisis Of The 1760S And 1770SBrenda Higgins
油
Here is a summary of the key points about New Zealand's health care organization:
- New Zealand has a publicly funded, universal health care system called District Health Boards (DHBs). DHBs are responsible for providing health and disability services to their local communities.
- Funding for the health system comes primarily from taxes. The Ministry of Health oversees funding and policy, while DHBs manage hospitals and other services.
- Primary care is delivered through general practitioners (GPs) who act as gatekeepers to other services. Patients can visit a GP for free or a low co-payment.
- There are 20 DHBs across New Zealand. Each DHB plans and funds local health services based
1. The document discusses the historical background and development of the Indian constitution from 1773 to 1947. It describes the key British acts that established systems of governance in India, including the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784, Charter Acts of 1813, 1833, and 1853, and the Government of India Acts of 1858, 1909, 1919 and 1935.
2. It then discusses the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and the initiation of making the Indian constitution, including the appointment of the Drafting Committee headed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar that submitted a revised draft in November 1947.
3. The constitution of India is described as the supreme law of the land
1. The document provides historical background on the development of the Indian constitution, beginning with British rule and various acts that led to independence and the formation of the constitution.
2. It discusses the making of the Indian constitution from 1946-1950, highlighting key committees and individuals involved in drafting it like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
3. The preamble of the Indian constitution outlines objectives of justice, equality, and fraternity and establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic.
This document provides an overview of contract management and related legal topics in India. It discusses:
1. The historical evolution of contract law in India from customs and religious laws to the modern Indian Contract Act of 1872.
2. Key sections and aspects of the Indian Contract Act of 1872 and Sale of Goods Act of 1930 that are relevant for contract management.
3. Additional topics covered include taxes/duties, negotiations, bank guarantees, time schedules, insurance, letters of credit, price variations, arbitration, cost/time overruns, and landmark legal judgments.
Europe is the world's second smallest continent in terms of area. It has around 50 countries and a population of over 733 million people, making it the third most populous continent. Historically, European powers controlled large portions of other continents between the 16th and 20th centuries. Today, Europe has a high population density and wealth, with its economy being the largest on Earth.
The history of journalism in India can be divided into two phases - pre-independence and post-independence. In the pre-independence period, the first newspaper was launched in 1780 called Bengal Gazette or Calcutta General Advertiser. Newspapers grew gradually and saw restrictions during independence movements. Post-independence, the role of press changed with new radio stations and laws passed but also faced censorship during emergencies. Modern times see over 60 million newspaper circulation daily in many Indian languages due to improved literacy, technology, and publishing.
PRB act- Press and Registration of Book Acttanakshi
油
The Press and Registration of Book Act was passed in colonial India under British Rule in 1867. The act was passed to curb the Freedom of speech and expression of the writers, in the form of books, newspapers, or any other printed material, in order to stop the national uprising for the freedom of India.
The document discusses the gazette and the lawmaking process in India. It defines a gazette as a public journal or newspaper of record that is authorized to publish government or legal notices. It describes The Gazette of India as the official weekly journal of the Government of India published since 1950. The summary explains that for a bill to become a law in India it must pass through both houses of parliament and receive presidential approval, and outlines the various stages of this legislative process including introduction, discussion, voting, proceedings in the other house, resolutions in joint sessions, and presidential assent.
Newspapers have evolved from bulletin boards to newsletters and newspapers reporting commercial and political news, developing into printed publications after Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the 15th century. While early newspapers varied in format, many modern concepts like objective reporting of daily events and having regular publication emerged in the 17th-18th centuries. In recent decades, the internet has posed challenges to traditional newspaper business models as advertising and readership have moved online.
History of Media Laws in the SubcontinentAbid Zafar
油
The document discusses the history of press laws in the subcontinent from the establishment of the first printing press in 1557 to modern times. Some key events include:
- The first law enforcement against English newspapers was carried out in 1799 under Lord Wellesley's Press Act.
- The Metcalf's Act of 1835 required printers and publishers to declare the location of their press and imposed fines and imprisonment for violations.
- The Licensing Act of 1857 gave the government broad powers to grant, revoke, and prohibit printing licenses and publications during unrest in 1857.
- The Newspapers Act of 1908 allowed seizing presses that published "objectionable material" inciting violence.
- The Indian Press
The document discusses the history and development of the British constitutional system and independence of the judiciary. It traces how the monarchy transitioned from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy through events like the Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights, which strengthened Parliament. The branches of government are the legislature (Parliament), executive (Cabinet), and judiciary. The judiciary consists of judges and is independent from the other branches. The origins of the modern British legal system are also outlined.
History of media laws in Sub continent and PakistanAdan Butt
油
This document provides a history of media laws in the Indian subcontinent and Pakistan from the introduction of printing presses in the 16th century through 2017. It discusses the various acts passed by British and Pakistani governments to regulate and censor the press, including the licensing acts of the 18th-19th centuries, the Press and Publications Ordinance of 1961, and the shifting control of newspapers between independent organizations and state-run entities like the National Press Trust. The document also outlines some of the challenges faced by journalists and newspapers under different regimes like those of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan.
The Press and Registration of Books Act was established in India during British rule to regulate printing presses and require the registration of books and periodicals. It aimed to collect information about printing establishments, preserve copies of publications, and regulate anonymous literature. The Act required owners of printing presses to declare their activity and for publications to include identifying information like editor and publisher names. It established penalties for non-compliance and gave governing authority to the Registrar of Newspapers of India to allocate titles, registration numbers, and certificates to publications. The Act's objectives were to regulate the industry, not prohibit publication, while respecting freedom of speech.
The role of newspaper in indian freedom struggleAmal Jith
油
The document summarizes the important role played by newspapers in India's freedom struggle against British rule. It discusses how newspapers made the Indian public aware of British cruelties, published patriotic poems and articles that challenged the British government, and informed people of independence activities. It also describes how prominent Indian leaders like Gandhi and Nehru used newspapers to propagate their nationalist ideologies to the masses. The document outlines various oppressive press laws enacted by the British to curb the growing influence of the nationalist press in India.
The document provides information about the political system and history of Sweden. It discusses Sweden's transition from a largely agrarian society to a center of heavy industry. It describes Sweden's constitutional monarchy government and unicameral parliament (Riksdag). Key political parties are outlined like the Social Democratic Party, Moderate Party, Green Party, and others. Sweden's prime minister and cabinet are responsible to the Riksdag.
The document summarizes political systems in several countries. For Great Britain, it describes the key elements of Britain's unwritten constitution, including the role of the monarchy and Parliament. It then summarizes the political systems of Japan, Mexico, and Russia. For Japan, it notes the structure of the National Diet and roles of the executive branch and bureaucracy. For Mexico, it discusses its early political history and current three-branch government system. For Russia, it outlines the country's political history since the Bolshevik Revolution and the structure of the former Soviet government.
Causes Of The Imperial Crisis Of The 1760S And 1770SBrenda Higgins
油
Here is a summary of the key points about New Zealand's health care organization:
- New Zealand has a publicly funded, universal health care system called District Health Boards (DHBs). DHBs are responsible for providing health and disability services to their local communities.
- Funding for the health system comes primarily from taxes. The Ministry of Health oversees funding and policy, while DHBs manage hospitals and other services.
- Primary care is delivered through general practitioners (GPs) who act as gatekeepers to other services. Patients can visit a GP for free or a low co-payment.
- There are 20 DHBs across New Zealand. Each DHB plans and funds local health services based
1. The document discusses the historical background and development of the Indian constitution from 1773 to 1947. It describes the key British acts that established systems of governance in India, including the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784, Charter Acts of 1813, 1833, and 1853, and the Government of India Acts of 1858, 1909, 1919 and 1935.
2. It then discusses the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and the initiation of making the Indian constitution, including the appointment of the Drafting Committee headed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar that submitted a revised draft in November 1947.
3. The constitution of India is described as the supreme law of the land
1. The document provides historical background on the development of the Indian constitution, beginning with British rule and various acts that led to independence and the formation of the constitution.
2. It discusses the making of the Indian constitution from 1946-1950, highlighting key committees and individuals involved in drafting it like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
3. The preamble of the Indian constitution outlines objectives of justice, equality, and fraternity and establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic.
This document provides an overview of contract management and related legal topics in India. It discusses:
1. The historical evolution of contract law in India from customs and religious laws to the modern Indian Contract Act of 1872.
2. Key sections and aspects of the Indian Contract Act of 1872 and Sale of Goods Act of 1930 that are relevant for contract management.
3. Additional topics covered include taxes/duties, negotiations, bank guarantees, time schedules, insurance, letters of credit, price variations, arbitration, cost/time overruns, and landmark legal judgments.
Europe is the world's second smallest continent in terms of area. It has around 50 countries and a population of over 733 million people, making it the third most populous continent. Historically, European powers controlled large portions of other continents between the 16th and 20th centuries. Today, Europe has a high population density and wealth, with its economy being the largest on Earth.
The history of journalism in India can be divided into two phases - pre-independence and post-independence. In the pre-independence period, the first newspaper was launched in 1780 called Bengal Gazette or Calcutta General Advertiser. Newspapers grew gradually and saw restrictions during independence movements. Post-independence, the role of press changed with new radio stations and laws passed but also faced censorship during emergencies. Modern times see over 60 million newspaper circulation daily in many Indian languages due to improved literacy, technology, and publishing.
PRB act- Press and Registration of Book Acttanakshi
油
The Press and Registration of Book Act was passed in colonial India under British Rule in 1867. The act was passed to curb the Freedom of speech and expression of the writers, in the form of books, newspapers, or any other printed material, in order to stop the national uprising for the freedom of India.
2. Introduction
In English- and French-speaking countries, newspaper
publishers have applied the name Gazette since the 17th
century; today, numerous weekly and daily newspapers bear
the name The Gazette.
The gazette is a title of several newspsper and magazines
In England, with the 1665 founding of The Oxford
Gazette (which became the London Gazette), the
word gazette came to indicate a public journal of the
government; today, such a journal is sometimes called
a government gazette. For some governments, publishing
information in a gazette was or is a legal necessity by which
official documents came into force and entered the public
domain. Such is the case for documents published in The
Gazette of India and in the Royal Thai Government
Gazette (est. 1858).
3. For example
The government of the United Kingdom requires
government gazettes of its member countries
Publication of the Edinburgh Gazette, the official
government newspaper in Scotland, began in
1699.
The Belfast Gazette ofNorthern Ireland published
its first issue in 1921.
I
The Gazette of India;depatment of
publication,government of india founded.1950
4. Etymology
Gazette is a loanword from the French
language; in turn, the French word is a 16th-century
permutation of the Italian gazzetta,
which is the name of a particular Venetian coin.
Gazzetta became an epithet for newspaper
during the early and middle 16th century, when
the first Venetian newspapers cost one
gazzetta.(Compare with other vernacularisms
from publishing lingo, such as the British penny
dreadful and the American dime novel.) This
loanword, with its various corruptions, persists
in numerous modern languages
5. Briefly define of gazette definition
A gazette is a public journal, a newspaper of record, or simply a newspaper
Public journal;- A government gazette (official gazette, official journal, official newspaper or
official diary.
Newspaper of record; A newspaper of record is a major newspaper that has a
large circulation and whose editorial and news-gathering functions are
considered professional and typically authoritative a newspaper of record may
also be a publicly available newspaper that has been authorized or maintained
by a government to publish public or legal notices, and therefore serves as a
"newspaper of public record
A "newspaper of public record", sometimes referred to as an "official newspaper",
refers to a publicly available newspaper that has been
authorised by a government to publish public or legal notices.It
is often established by statute or official action and publication
of notices within it, whether by the government or a private
party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal
requirements for public notice.
6. Journals of legislative bodies
Several jurisdictions also publish a separate
periodical record of the proceedings of their
legislature
United Kingdom
United States
7. Briefly define
United Kingdom
The journals of the British Houses of Parliament, alongside the Hansard,
contain an official record of the Houses of Parliament. The journals are
a lengthened account written from the "Votes and Proceedings" (in the
House of Lords called "Minutes of Proceedings"), made day by day by
the Clerks at the Table, and printed on the responsibility of the Clerk of
the House. In the Commons the Votes and Proceedings, but not the
Journal, bear the Speaker's signature in fulfilment of a former order
that he should "peruse" them before publication. The journals of the
British House of Commons begin in the first year of the reign of Edward
VI in 1547, and are complete, except for a short interval under Elizabeth
I. Those of the House of Lords date from the first year of Henry VIII in
1509. Before that date the proceedings in parliament were entered in
the Rolls of Parliament, which extend from 1278 to 1503. The journals
of the Lords are "records" in the judicial sense; those of the Commons
are not.The Hansard, which is available from 1803, contains printed
transcripts of parliamentary debates.
8. Briefly define
United States
The Congressional Record is the official record of the
proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is
published by the United States Government Printing Office, and
is issued when the United States Congress is in session. Indexes
are issued approximately every two weeks. At the end of a
session of Congress, the daily editions are compiled in bound
volumes constituting the permanent edition.
The City Record is the official journal of New York City. It is
published each weekday (except legal holidays) and contains
legal notices produced by city agencies, including notices of
proposed and adopted rules, procurement solicitations and
awards, upcoming public hearings and meetings, public
auctions and property dispositions, and selected court
decisions.
9. The Gazette of India
Type= government gazette
Publisher= Department of Publication, Government of India
Founded= 1950
Language= english,hindi
Headquarters= delhi
10. The Gazette of India
The Gazette of India (: 爐爐鉦ぐ爐 爐爐 爐萎ぞ爐爐爐む爐 Bharat kaa Rajpatra) is a public
journal and an authorised legal document of the Government of India,
published weekly by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Urban
Development. As a public journal, the Gazette prints official notices
from the government. It is authentic in content, accurate and strictly
in accordance with the Government policies and decisions. The
gazette is printed by the Government of India Press
The Publication Programme is executed as per the Government of
India (Allocation of Business Rules) issued from time to time by the
Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of India.
The Department of Publication is headed by the Controller of
Publications with the assistance of one Assistant Controller, one
Financial Officer and an Assistant Director. The gazette employs more
than 270 people under the supervision of the Ministry of Urban
Development, headquartered in Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi.
The Ministry of Urban Development began publishing an electronic
version of the gazette in 2008.
11. Lawmaking procedure in India
India is a federal country, therefore laws can be made
separately at different levels, by the Union Government
(Federal Government) for the entire country and by the
State Governments for their respective states.
The legislative procedure in India for the Union
Government requires that proposed bills pass through the
two legislative houses of theIndian parliament. The
legislative procedure for states with bicameral legislatures
requires that proposed bills be passed firstly in the
state's Vidhan Sabha (Lower House) and then in the State
Vidhan Parishad (Upper House). In states with unicameral
legislatures, laws and bills need only be passed in the
state's Vidhan Sabha, for there is no Vidhan Parishad
12. CONTENTS
Difference between a Bill and an Act
Procedure relating to an ordinary bill in the
Union Parliament
First reading-introduction stage
Thirdreading-voting stage
Joint-session of boyh houses
Presidents approval