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GCSE Compuitng Hardware Key terms

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This document discusses the key hardware components of a computer system. It describes the central processing unit (CPU) as the brain of the computer that fetches, decodes and executes instructions. Characteristics of CPUs like clock speed, cores and cache size that impact performance are covered. Common logic gates, memory types like RAM, ROM and cache are outlined. Input/output devices, primary and secondary storage are defined along with examples like keyboards, monitors, hard drives and optical disks.

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Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware CPU
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Central Processing Unit. It is used to control all of the actions of the computer. It is like the brain of the computer.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware FDE
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Fetch Decode Execute The CPU will FETCH instructions from memory, DECODE them and EXECUTE them. This is done millions of times a second.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Clock Speed
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware How fast the CPU performs the FDE cycle. This is measured in MHz
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Cores
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware How many cores the CPU has. The more cores, the more instructions can be executed.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Cache Size
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware The size of the cache on the CPU. The higher it is the faster the CPU.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware NOT Gate
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware AND Gate
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware OR Gate
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Truth Tables
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware The different inputs and outputs for the logic gates. NOT IN OUT 1 0 1 1 AND IN 1 IN 2 OUT 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 OR IN 1 IN 2 OUT 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware RAM
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Random Access Memory Volatile memory. Stores the data in use, software in use and parts of the O/S in use.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware ROM
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Read only memory. Non-volatile. Stores the boot-up program of the computer.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Virtual Memory
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware A portion of the memory borrowed from the hard drive when the RAM is full.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Cache Memory
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Volatile memory located on the CPU. Very small but fast to access.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Input Device
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware A device that allows a user to send information to a computer. Keyboard, microphone, mouse
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Output Device
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware A device that will present the use with the result of a process from the computer. Speakers, monitor, printer
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Primary Memory
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware The device will communicate directly with CPU.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Secondary Storage
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Files are stored permanently. The device does not communicate directly with CPU.
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Optical
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Data burned into film by lasers Small capacity Very cheap to produce Examples CD, DVD
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Magnetic
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Data stored by magnets on a magnetic disk Very high capacity Bad portability but very durable. Examples hard drive, backup tapes
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Solid State
Learning Objectives REVISION 2.1.2 Hardware Data stored electronically. No moving parts Slower than magnetic, faster than optical Good portability and good durability Examples external hard drive, USB disk

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GCSE Compuitng Hardware Key terms