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Gender in Pop Music - Katy Perry and Lady Ga Ga

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This document discusses concepts of femininity, gender, and the male gaze in media. It analyzes images of Katy Perry and how her persona embodies messages about gender. It discusses Laura Mulvey's theory that women are presented in media to be looked at for male pleasure and desire. The document asks how Mulvey's ideas apply to analyzing women in music videos. It also discusses Judith Butler's concept of gender as a social construct and role that can be resisted or conformed to. Lady Gaga's "Alejandro" video is presented as an example of actively resisting traditional gender stereotypes.

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FemininityGender in Pop Music
Katy PerryAnalyse the key signifiers in the two imagers in front of you. Question: What messages about femininity and gender does this performer embody?
Male GazeLaura Mulvey believes that women are placed in the media to be looked at.She calls this ‘the gaze’. This can be both:Voyeuristic – The notion of looking and gaining pleasure from seeing these beautiful objectsFetishistic – A more highly sexualised desire to have something, women are placed as objects of desire. Therefore ‘The Gaze’ can is voyeuristic and fetishistic – turning women into a fetish (object) that is beautiful and celebrated for her looks but considered as an object.
Katy PerryHow can we apply Mulvey’s ideas to a study of women in music video? As you watch the following video make a note of how the audience is positioned as either male or female. And how we are encouraged to ‘look’ both voyeuristically and fetishistically.Does the gaze shift sides in parts? Why is this interesting? Do we have a ‘female gaze’ emerging?
Dominant IdeologyIn what ways does this Music Video conform to dominant ideology?
Gender as a Construct - ButlerJudith Butler says gender is a role we play and we choose to conform or resist.She says there are some set rules that are constructed through the media but we can choose to actively resist these. Can you think of any celebrity or musician that actively resists the dominant ideological perspective on gender.
Lady GaGa
AlejandroIn this video she chooses to subvert traditional gender stereotypes. Men are shown to be confused with their masculinity in modern times and women to be more dominant. We see: the ‘trapped’, confused maleTrapped in traditional ‘masculine’ roles: guard, policemanOn strings: a patriarchal puppet?Wearing fishnet tights & stillettos; androgyny
Men dominated by GagaShe possesses the phallusReverses sexual positioningAlejandro
Enslaved men, a workforce/soldiers/ sexualised/homo-erotic
No identity, uniform - all the same

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Gender in Pop Music - Katy Perry and Lady Ga Ga

  • 2. Katy PerryAnalyse the key signifiers in the two imagers in front of you. Question: What messages about femininity and gender does this performer embody?
  • 3. Male GazeLaura Mulvey believes that women are placed in the media to be looked at.She calls this ‘the gaze’. This can be both:Voyeuristic – The notion of looking and gaining pleasure from seeing these beautiful objectsFetishistic – A more highly sexualised desire to have something, women are placed as objects of desire. Therefore ‘The Gaze’ can is voyeuristic and fetishistic – turning women into a fetish (object) that is beautiful and celebrated for her looks but considered as an object.
  • 4. Katy PerryHow can we apply Mulvey’s ideas to a study of women in music video? As you watch the following video make a note of how the audience is positioned as either male or female. And how we are encouraged to ‘look’ both voyeuristically and fetishistically.Does the gaze shift sides in parts? Why is this interesting? Do we have a ‘female gaze’ emerging?
  • 5. Dominant IdeologyIn what ways does this Music Video conform to dominant ideology?
  • 6. Gender as a Construct - ButlerJudith Butler says gender is a role we play and we choose to conform or resist.She says there are some set rules that are constructed through the media but we can choose to actively resist these. Can you think of any celebrity or musician that actively resists the dominant ideological perspective on gender.
  • 8. AlejandroIn this video she chooses to subvert traditional gender stereotypes. Men are shown to be confused with their masculinity in modern times and women to be more dominant. We see: the ‘trapped’, confused maleTrapped in traditional ‘masculine’ roles: guard, policemanOn strings: a patriarchal puppet?Wearing fishnet tights & stillettos; androgyny
  • 9. Men dominated by GagaShe possesses the phallusReverses sexual positioningAlejandro
  • 10. Enslaved men, a workforce/soldiers/ sexualised/homo-erotic
  • 11. No identity, uniform - all the same
  • 12. Signifies their entrapment at stereotypes of masculinity: physical power/strength/heroismAlejandro
  • 13. Lady GaGa & FemininityHow does GaGa present modern femininity?Does she conform or resist dominant ideology? Why in each case?