General english
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The document provides tips and guidance for improving English skills. It recommends setting goals, learning from mistakes, teaching others, focusing on phrases not single words, and speaking English daily. The document also outlines basic skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. It discusses grammar concepts such as clauses, subjects, objects, verbs and phrases. Specific techniques are suggested for listening, speaking, reading, writing and grammar study.
General english
- 2. Common Tips Set goals, set target (SS) Start now, use time wisely (SU) Make mistakes, note them (MN) Teach studied material, use surrounding object (TU) Be familiar with English, balance text and sound (BB) -> consume daily media (TV, magazine) in English -> join English speaking meet up group Stop translate word by word, focus on phrases (SF) Speak more each day, deprioritize grammar (SD)
- 4. Basic Skills Sound Text Passive Listening Reading Active Speaking Writing
- 6. Listening To know Differentiate sounds and words (pronunciation) Recognize common expression and intonation To do Plan to listen Listen to songs or conversations not in your free time (do it while you are in a queue or doing sports) Listen and pause just ok
- 7. Speaking To know Communicate idea No need to concern grammar too much To do Practice Speaking what you see and hear (Reading and Listening is NOT enough) Learn on phrases more Do it in front of mirror Do it with partners (a conversation or talk / day)
- 8. Reading To know Get the idea of a paragraph To do Read news, article from apps or magazine Note sentences with difficult grammar or vocabulary Just read, try to scan and skim rather than read word by word
- 9. Writing To know Express idea in a paragraph To do Paraphrase: change words and sentence structure but same meaning Understand the grammar Use synonyms
- 10. Grammar
- 11. Grammar Setences Simple Clause Noun Phrase Verb Phrase Other Clause Phrase Phrase Phrase that wh- if
- 12. Subject (Who/What) Budi My children Travelling in Singapore All the girls Budi, who has that Mercy Predicate (what - do) is study Usually takes have cleaned will leave Object (who/whom/what) A clever student English The trash Adverbial (where / when / how) better| with games days by hand next year | for good
- 13. Clause Subject English clauses always have a subject except imperative like Look out! The first noun phrase is the subject of the sentence If we have no other subject, we use there or it as subject (dummy subject) Introducing Verb An intransitive verb (N+V) John smiled A transitive ver (N+V+N) She gave the old man some money (gave&bring: double object verb) A link verb (N+V+Adj) She looks happy A phrasal verb (N+V+particle+N) She gave back the money (two and three partup verbs)
- 14. Relative clause Do not repeat subject or object, if the meaning has already clear The house that we rented it in London was fully furnished Leave connector out if the meaning is clear You shouldnt believe everything that you read in the newspaper It was the year when we got married Noun phrase, time, and place modifier Quantifiers and numbers She has three brothers, two of whom are in the army Using which to give more information We missed our train, which means we may be late Subject Object Possessive Who Whom, who Whose Which Which Whose That That
- 15. Verbs pattern Verb with ing - form Everybody like eating Verb with to + infinitive They agreed to help
- 16. Clause in Speech Direct I stayed at the Shangri-la because it is the best hotel in town Do you know my name? Where do you come from? Dont make so much noice I think you should turn the lights out now Indirect (pay attention on context) He said that he had stayed at Shangri-la because it was the best hotel in town He asked me if I know her name He asked where I comes from He told us not to make so much noise She reminded me to turn the lights out.
- 17. Short forms of Verb As answer Yes, I can I hope not or I dont think so Maybe not No, they wont Yes it is, isnt it? (Question tag) Neither do I (subjunctive) As question How can I do that? Did he? Just leave the word out Yes, I would like John can come but Jill cant He open the door and went in
- 18. Phrases Noun Phrase (Noun or pronoun) -> Those house | He Verb Phrase (Tenses and modals) Adverbial Phrase -> As fast as possible Prepositional phare (preposition + noun phrase) -> In a few days | With a 31 inch screen | To me Adjective Phrase -> exciting film | bigger garden