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General Examination of CVS physical examination.pptx

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This document provides guidance on performing a general cardiovascular examination. It outlines examining the patient's general appearance and vital signs. Specific areas of focus include the hands, eyes, neck, and skin. Signs like cyanosis, clubbing, and jugular vein distension are examined and their cardiac causes discussed. Skin findings relevant to conditions like infective endocarditis, hyperlipidemia, and rheumatic fever are also outlined. The importance of thoroughly examining the patient at the bedside is emphasized.

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General Examination in Cardiovascular System PREPARED BY DR. RUQAYA AL-KATHIRY HEAD OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF UST Always listen to the patient they might be telling you the
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: GENERAL EXAMINATION: I-General Assessment: The sequence & extent of examination depends on the pt's condition: Pts. with C/P arrest requiring resuscitation: Rx 1st & examine later Pts. requiring ER care: rapidly assess & Rx 1st, leave more detailed exam. for later Stable pts.: examine thoroughly 1st. Look at the pt's general appearance, noting whether he or she: looks unwell is frightened or distressed. Physique, form & general nourishment: BMI (??) obesity: C.A.D, HTN. thin: cachexic: chr. HF. Breathlessness at minimal exertion (dressing) or rest (semi-sitting, on 1 side). Vital signs II-Hands: 1-Cyanosis: Q.DEFINE?TYPES?SITES?CAUSES? 2-Pallor: Q.DEFINE?WHAT ARE THE CARDIAC CAUSES? 3-Jaundice: Q.DEFINE?WHAT ARE THE CARDIAC CAUSES? 4-Tar Stain: Q.WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE CARDIAC DISEASES?
5-Clubbing: of Fingers & Toes: Q.DEFINE?GRADES? ASSIGNMENT:Q.WHAT ARE THE CARDIAC CAUSES OF CLUBBING? 6-Flapping Tremor (Asterixis): Q.DEFINE?TECHNIQUE?CAUSES? III-Eyes: IV-Neck: 1-JugularVenous Pulse (JVP):. ASSIGNMENT: Q.WHAT ARE THE CARDIAC CAUSES OF RAISED JVP? 2-Lymph Nodes: should be examined. V-Skin: Erythema Nodosum=Rheumatic Fever Rash of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or MS Signs of Hyperlipidaemia: Corneal arcus: precipitation of cholesterol crystals=creamy yellow discoloration at the boundary of the iris & cornea. This can occur in those >50 ys with no hyperlipidaemia. Xanthelasma: yellowish cholesterol plaques around the eyelids and periorbital area. Xanthomata: lipid deposits=yellow nodules in skin/tendons (patella/Achilles tendon).
General Examination of CVS physical examination.pptx
Signs of Infective Endocarditis: Multiple capillary haemorrhages (petechiae): In the skin, mostly on the legs & conjunctivae caused by vasculitis. D/D: rash of meningococcal disease Roth spots: Flame-shaped retinal haemorrhages with a 'cotton-wool' centre seen on ophthalmoscopy. They are due to circulating immune complexes. D/D: anaemia or leukaemia Splinter haemorrhages: Multiple, linear, reddish-brown marks along the axis of the fingernails and toenails. They are due to circulating immune complexes. D/D: 1-2 isolated 'splinters' are common in healthy individuals from trauma. Finger clubbing: A rare & late sign feature in chronic bacterial endocarditis. Microscopic haematuria.
Oslers nodes: are painful tender violaceous raised swellings at the fingertips & toes that are due to vasculitis; they are rare. Janeway lesions: are painless erythematous flat lesions of the palms or soles. Mild splenomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly
WHAT IS THE DIAGNOSIS?
Q.WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF IT UNILATERAL AND BILATERAL?
Medicine is learned at the bedside and not in the classroom Sir William Osler (1849-1919) THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENDANCE

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General Examination of CVS physical examination.pptx

  • 1. General Examination in Cardiovascular System PREPARED BY DR. RUQAYA AL-KATHIRY HEAD OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF UST Always listen to the patient they might be telling you the
  • 2. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: GENERAL EXAMINATION: I-General Assessment: The sequence & extent of examination depends on the pt's condition: Pts. with C/P arrest requiring resuscitation: Rx 1st & examine later Pts. requiring ER care: rapidly assess & Rx 1st, leave more detailed exam. for later Stable pts.: examine thoroughly 1st. Look at the pt's general appearance, noting whether he or she: looks unwell is frightened or distressed. Physique, form & general nourishment: BMI (??) obesity: C.A.D, HTN. thin: cachexic: chr. HF. Breathlessness at minimal exertion (dressing) or rest (semi-sitting, on 1 side). Vital signs II-Hands: 1-Cyanosis: Q.DEFINE?TYPES?SITES?CAUSES? 2-Pallor: Q.DEFINE?WHAT ARE THE CARDIAC CAUSES? 3-Jaundice: Q.DEFINE?WHAT ARE THE CARDIAC CAUSES? 4-Tar Stain: Q.WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE CARDIAC DISEASES?
  • 3. 5-Clubbing: of Fingers & Toes: Q.DEFINE?GRADES? ASSIGNMENT:Q.WHAT ARE THE CARDIAC CAUSES OF CLUBBING? 6-Flapping Tremor (Asterixis): Q.DEFINE?TECHNIQUE?CAUSES? III-Eyes: IV-Neck: 1-JugularVenous Pulse (JVP):. ASSIGNMENT: Q.WHAT ARE THE CARDIAC CAUSES OF RAISED JVP? 2-Lymph Nodes: should be examined. V-Skin: Erythema Nodosum=Rheumatic Fever Rash of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or MS Signs of Hyperlipidaemia: Corneal arcus: precipitation of cholesterol crystals=creamy yellow discoloration at the boundary of the iris & cornea. This can occur in those >50 ys with no hyperlipidaemia. Xanthelasma: yellowish cholesterol plaques around the eyelids and periorbital area. Xanthomata: lipid deposits=yellow nodules in skin/tendons (patella/Achilles tendon).
  • 5. Signs of Infective Endocarditis: Multiple capillary haemorrhages (petechiae): In the skin, mostly on the legs & conjunctivae caused by vasculitis. D/D: rash of meningococcal disease Roth spots: Flame-shaped retinal haemorrhages with a 'cotton-wool' centre seen on ophthalmoscopy. They are due to circulating immune complexes. D/D: anaemia or leukaemia Splinter haemorrhages: Multiple, linear, reddish-brown marks along the axis of the fingernails and toenails. They are due to circulating immune complexes. D/D: 1-2 isolated 'splinters' are common in healthy individuals from trauma. Finger clubbing: A rare & late sign feature in chronic bacterial endocarditis. Microscopic haematuria.
  • 6. Oslers nodes: are painful tender violaceous raised swellings at the fingertips & toes that are due to vasculitis; they are rare. Janeway lesions: are painless erythematous flat lesions of the palms or soles. Mild splenomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly
  • 7. WHAT IS THE DIAGNOSIS?
  • 8. Q.WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF IT UNILATERAL AND BILATERAL?
  • 9. Medicine is learned at the bedside and not in the classroom Sir William Osler (1849-1919) THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENDANCE