Introduction to General Linguistics lecture 1Mazhar Ranjha
油
The document provides an introduction to linguistics, discussing key concepts such as the difference between first (L1) and second (L2) language acquisition. It explores when a foreign language becomes an L1 or an L2, and whether L2 is acquired or learnt. The document also examines whether animals have language and provides definitions of language. Saussure's ideas about language as a system of signs made up of a signifier and signified are summarized. Language is described as having an arbitrary, immutable, and mutable nature.
This document provides an introduction to the field of linguistics. It defines linguistics as the scientific study of language and discusses how it differs from traditional grammar in being descriptive rather than prescriptive. The document outlines the scope of linguistics, dividing it into micro- and macrolinguistics. Microlinguistics includes the study of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Macrolinguistics encompasses sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and other fields. It also discusses the usefulness of linguistics for students of language, teachers and researchers.
The document provides a broad overview of the field of linguistics, covering several topics including:
- Comparative methods and prominent linguists such as Noam Chomsky
- Subfields like phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
- Sociolinguistics and how languages change over time
- Generative grammar and Systemic Functional Linguistics
- Semantics and pragmatics, discussing how meaning depends on context
- Linguistic typology and classifying languages by structural features
This document provides an introduction to stylistics as a branch of linguistics. It defines key concepts such as style, defines stylistics as the scientific study of styles of language use, and outlines the main levels of linguistic description used in stylistic analysis such as phonology, lexis, syntax and semantics. It also discusses the scope of stylistics in literary versus general texts and its development over time.
Here are the key points about second language classroom research (SLCR) based on the questions:
- SLCR examines teaching and learning processes in real second language classrooms. It aims to understand how languages are learned and taught in these naturalistic settings.
- SLCR derives its data from experimental classrooms where teachers implement certain techniques or activities while researchers observe and collect data on learning processes and outcomes.
- SLCR examines issues from both teacher-focused and learner-focused perspectives. Teacher research looks at instructional practices while learner research focuses on acquisition processes.
- SLCR is carried out within other subdisciplines like applied linguistics, education, and psychology. It adopts methods from these fields to study classroom phenomena
This document outlines a research subproject on narrative inquiry in English teaching and learning. The subproject aims to collect narratives through life stories, autobiographies, and experiences of English teaching and learning. It will use methods like interviews, observations, and storytelling to gather data from multiple sources. The pre-service teachers conducting the research will analyze data thematically and develop an understanding of English language contexts. The subproject intends to contribute to the larger research goals at the LLEI and benefit the professional development of participating pre-service teachers.
This document outlines a research subproject on narrative inquiry in English teaching and learning. The subproject aims to collect narratives through life stories, autobiographies, and experiences of English teaching and learning. It will use methods like interviews, observations, and storytelling to gather data from multiple sources. The pre-service teachers conducting the research will analyze data thematically and develop an understanding of English language contexts. The subproject intends to contribute to the larger research goals at the LLEI and benefit the professional development of participating pre-service teachers.
1. The document discusses different research traditions, including confirmatory and descriptive traditions.
2. The new social view of research is called hybrid research, which mixes classical traditions and accounts for both inside and outside influences on the classroom.
3. Descriptive research aims to produce qualitative and quantitative accounts of classroom processes, while confirmatory research establishes hypotheses and measurable variables to scientifically study phenomena.
This document provides an overview of second language classroom research. It defines second language classroom research as research conducted in the language classroom to answer questions about language learning and teaching. The document discusses different types of research methods including formal research conducted by external researchers and practitioner research conducted by teachers. It also outlines different research traditions such as descriptive, confirmatory, interpretative, and experimental. The document emphasizes that good researchers in this field have curiosity about their topic, common sense, discipline, and concern for communicating their findings. It poses some questions as an exercise for participants to reflect on their experiences with language teaching and learning.
This document discusses the field of linguistics and what it studies. Linguistics studies how language works in terms of its form, meaning, and context. It also examines the social, historical, and political influences on language. Linguistics further studies semiotics and how language is used for cognition and communication to express ideas in the past, present and future. Language is described as both an abstract concept and a specific linguistic system, with terms introduced to distinguish the ideal system from how it is used in practice.
This document provides an overview of second language classroom research. It defines second language classroom research as research conducted in the language classroom to answer questions about language learning and teaching. The document discusses different types of research methods that can be used, including formal research conducted by external researchers, practitioner research conducted by teachers, and both qualitative and quantitative data collection. It also outlines characteristics of good researchers, including curiosity about their topic, common sense, discipline, and ability to communicate their findings. Finally, it provides sample questions researchers may want to explore related to teaching and learning experiences.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de estrategias de aprendizaje de idiomas, incluyendo estrategias directas cognitivas como repasar y practicar; estrategias compensatorias como adivinar significados o usar sin坦nimos; estrategias metacognitivas como planificar el aprendizaje y evaluar el progreso; y estrategias afectivas y sociales como hacer preguntas y trabajar con otros.
Research Foundations involves students in constructing language research to become more critical and reflective teachers. The document introduces research lines and sub-lines from the B.A program at Universidad Santo Tom叩s, including how to formulate an innovative language research problem statement by considering needs, contributions and relevance in the 21st century. It also discusses contrasting research interests from existing research analysis, macro and micro context analysis, analyzing existing research projects through literature review and theoretical revision to be aware of what other researchers have done in the context of your own language research.
How to create security group category in Odoo 17Celine George
油
This slide will represent the creation of security group category in odoo 17. Security groups are essential for managing user access and permissions across different modules. Creating a security group category helps to organize related user groups and streamline permission settings within a specific module or functionality.
How to Configure Deliver Content by Email in Odoo 18 SalesCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to configure proforma invoice in Odoo 18 Sales module. A proforma invoice is a preliminary invoice that serves as a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer.
The Constitution, Government and Law making bodies .saanidhyapatel09
油
This PowerPoint presentation provides an insightful overview of the Constitution, covering its key principles, features, and significance. It explains the fundamental rights, duties, structure of government, and the importance of constitutional law in governance. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding the foundation of a nations legal framework.
This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of strategic management principles, frameworks, and applications in business. It explores strategic planning, environmental analysis, corporate governance, business ethics, and sustainability. The course integrates Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to enhance global and ethical perspectives in decision-making.
1. The document discusses different research traditions, including confirmatory and descriptive traditions.
2. The new social view of research is called hybrid research, which mixes classical traditions and accounts for both inside and outside influences on the classroom.
3. Descriptive research aims to produce qualitative and quantitative accounts of classroom processes, while confirmatory research establishes hypotheses and measurable variables to scientifically study phenomena.
This document provides an overview of second language classroom research. It defines second language classroom research as research conducted in the language classroom to answer questions about language learning and teaching. The document discusses different types of research methods including formal research conducted by external researchers and practitioner research conducted by teachers. It also outlines different research traditions such as descriptive, confirmatory, interpretative, and experimental. The document emphasizes that good researchers in this field have curiosity about their topic, common sense, discipline, and concern for communicating their findings. It poses some questions as an exercise for participants to reflect on their experiences with language teaching and learning.
This document discusses the field of linguistics and what it studies. Linguistics studies how language works in terms of its form, meaning, and context. It also examines the social, historical, and political influences on language. Linguistics further studies semiotics and how language is used for cognition and communication to express ideas in the past, present and future. Language is described as both an abstract concept and a specific linguistic system, with terms introduced to distinguish the ideal system from how it is used in practice.
This document provides an overview of second language classroom research. It defines second language classroom research as research conducted in the language classroom to answer questions about language learning and teaching. The document discusses different types of research methods that can be used, including formal research conducted by external researchers, practitioner research conducted by teachers, and both qualitative and quantitative data collection. It also outlines characteristics of good researchers, including curiosity about their topic, common sense, discipline, and ability to communicate their findings. Finally, it provides sample questions researchers may want to explore related to teaching and learning experiences.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de estrategias de aprendizaje de idiomas, incluyendo estrategias directas cognitivas como repasar y practicar; estrategias compensatorias como adivinar significados o usar sin坦nimos; estrategias metacognitivas como planificar el aprendizaje y evaluar el progreso; y estrategias afectivas y sociales como hacer preguntas y trabajar con otros.
Research Foundations involves students in constructing language research to become more critical and reflective teachers. The document introduces research lines and sub-lines from the B.A program at Universidad Santo Tom叩s, including how to formulate an innovative language research problem statement by considering needs, contributions and relevance in the 21st century. It also discusses contrasting research interests from existing research analysis, macro and micro context analysis, analyzing existing research projects through literature review and theoretical revision to be aware of what other researchers have done in the context of your own language research.
How to create security group category in Odoo 17Celine George
油
This slide will represent the creation of security group category in odoo 17. Security groups are essential for managing user access and permissions across different modules. Creating a security group category helps to organize related user groups and streamline permission settings within a specific module or functionality.
How to Configure Deliver Content by Email in Odoo 18 SalesCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to configure proforma invoice in Odoo 18 Sales module. A proforma invoice is a preliminary invoice that serves as a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer.
The Constitution, Government and Law making bodies .saanidhyapatel09
油
This PowerPoint presentation provides an insightful overview of the Constitution, covering its key principles, features, and significance. It explains the fundamental rights, duties, structure of government, and the importance of constitutional law in governance. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding the foundation of a nations legal framework.
This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of strategic management principles, frameworks, and applications in business. It explores strategic planning, environmental analysis, corporate governance, business ethics, and sustainability. The course integrates Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to enhance global and ethical perspectives in decision-making.
How to Configure Proforma Invoice in Odoo 18 SalesCeline George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to configure proforma invoice in Odoo 18 Sales module. A proforma invoice is a preliminary invoice that serves as a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer.
Research Publication & Ethics contains a chapter on Intellectual Honesty and Research Integrity.
Different case studies of intellectual dishonesty and integrity were discussed.
Managing expiration dates of products in odooCeline George
油
Odoo allows users to set expiration dates at both the product and batch levels, providing flexibility and accuracy. By using Odoo's expiration date management, companies can minimize waste, optimize stock rotation, and maintain high standards of product quality. The system allows users to set expiration dates at both the product and batch levels, providing flexibility and accuracy.