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Genetic Strategies of Beef Cattle Breeding
Khandkar Shaharina Hossain
M.Sc student at Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Discipline,
Khulna University,
Khulna, Bangladesh.
Presented By

Overview
? Animal Breeding and its objective
? Genetic strategies of animal breeding
? Market demand
? Choosing a breeding system
? Strategies
? Future
? Conclusion

Animal Breeding
Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation of the genetic value
(estimated breeding value) of livestock. It involves the selective breeding of domestic animals
with the intention to improve desirable (and heritable) qualities in the next generation.
? A breeding objective is generally specific to a particular market, therefore it is important to
understand customer and market requirements.
? Depending on the target market, some traits or characteristics have greater economic
importance than others eg: growth rate as an influencer of live weight at sale.
Objective

Genetic strategies of Beef Cattle Breeding
?Market demand
?Choosing breeding system to serve the demand
? Strategies

Trends in milk prices Trends in hides prices
Market demand of beef cattle derived products

Market demand of beef cattle derived products
Trends in meat prices

Choosing a breeding system
Setting up a breeding program starts with the definition of a breeding goal and is followed by the
design of a scheme that is able to deliver genetic progress in line with this goal.
A Breeding Goal is the specification of the traits to be improved including the emphasis breeding
goal given to each trait. It gives the direction in which we want to improve the population.
In this case , our breeding goals are:
-Mature body with less feed
- Highest Milk production

Milk Production
IVF
Transgene
Embryo
Cloning

Meat production Embryo Cloning

? An IVF collection, called an Aspiration or Ovum Pick Up (OPU), is the process of harvesting
unfertilized oocytes, (unfertile eggs) directly from the ovaries of a donor cow.
? Recovered oocytes are fertilized after one day
? Transferred seven days after fertilization in recipient.
IVF (In vitro Fertilization)

Advantage:
? Performed on every week or every other week
? Can be fertilized multiple donors with a single straw of semen
? Less cost for breeding per procedure for IVF
Disadvantage:
? Requires highly skilled professionals to perform IVF
? Some countries either do no have protocols or still developing protocols for IVF

Practical applications of transgenics in livestock production include
? increased feed utilization and growth rate,
? improved milk production and composition,
? modification of hair or fiber, and
? increased disease resistance.
Transgenics
The production of transgenics provides methods to rapidly introduce ‘new' or modified genes and
DNA sequences into livestock without crossbreeding or hybridizing.

Advantages:
? Medical treatments,
? Greater specificity and accuracy,
? Few feed supplements.
Disadvantage:
? Insertion of foreign gene may upset the expression of the genome.
Transgenics

? Nuclear transfer can be considered as another tool for the strategy of conservation and
utilisation of biodiversity.
Example : “Enderby Island”
? Pregnancy rate is comparatively higher than other cloning method
Nuclear transfer or embryo cloning

Nuclear transfer or embryo cloning

Advantages:
? Production of drugs and protein needed in the field of medicine.
? Increase the supply of meat and milk in the market for consumption.
? Reproduce extinct species.
Disadvantage:
? Process is tedious and can be costly.
? Inefficient process with loss of fetus

Genetic strategies of beef cattle breeding

Depending on the specific needs of a breeder’s program, various approaches can be taken. It is
important for producers to understand how each and every reproductive technology can be used
to benefit our operation.
Recent advancements and successes are manifestations that in the future, these methods might
just be ordinary. However, despite the success in most animal cloning and transgenics attempts
and its potential benefits socially and economically, it still has yet to prove that its advantages
outweigh the disadvantages. On the other hand IVF may not be the answer for every donor
program, many have realized it is a tool that offers unique opportunities to extend elite genetics
provided by both proven donors and rare or expensive sires.
Conclusion

Evolution of pregnancy profiles in bovine recipients after transfer of cloned embryos.

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Genetic strategies of beef cattle breeding

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