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Genocide in the   20 th   Century


              Presentation by
              Cynthia Capers, Associate
              Director of Education
              (713) 942-8000, ext. 105
              ccapers@hmh.org
The Holocaust

   Translating the term
   1933  1939
   1939  1942
   1942  1945
   Post 1945
The importance of a word . . .

   Armenia (WWI)
   Raphael Lemkin
   After all, who now speaks
    of the Armenians?
   We are in the midst of a
    crime without a name.
   Geno + Cide
UN Convention on the Prevention and
              Punishment of Genocide
   In the present Convention, genocide means any of the
    following acts committed with intent to destroy,
    in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or
    religious group as such:
    a.   Killing members of the group;
    b.   Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the
         group;
    c.   Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life
         calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole
         or in part;
    d.   Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the
         group;
    e.   Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
8 Stages of Genocide
1.   Classification          5.   Polarization
     a.   Us vs. Them             a.   Take out the middle
2.   Symbolization           6.   Preparation
     a.   Make distinctive        a.   Lists, transports
3.   Dehumanization          7.   Extermination
     a.   Justification         a.   Murder of
4.   Organization                      nonhumans
     a.   Collectivization   8.   Denial
                                  a.   Numbers, reasons
                                       (war)
A Problem from Hell

              Senator William
               Proxmire  3,211
               floor speeches
              1988
              2004  then
               Secretary of State
               Colin Powell
Sudan

   Civil War (N/S)
       Religion as an issue
       US: across the aisle work
       Comprehensive Peace
        Agreement (2010 Elections)
       The Lost Boys
   Darfur (W)
Darfur, Sudan
   Farmers and nomadic
    herders
   Ethnic identities that
    could be exploited
   Religion is not an issue
Darfur, contd
   IDP camps versus refugee camps
   American and World response
       Permanent anti-genocide constituency?
   Films / photo essays / editorials
   The ICC
   US appoints a special envoy (Scott Gration,
    2009)
UN Convention on the Prevention and
           Punishment of Genocide
   In the present Convention, genocide means any of the
    following acts committed with intent to destroy, in
    whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious
    group as such:
     a. Killing members of the group;

     b. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the
        group;
     c. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life
        calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole
        or in part;
     d. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the
        group;
     e. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another
        group.
8 Stages of Genocide
1.   Classification          5.   Polarization
     a.   Us vs. Them             a.   Take out the middle
2.   Symbolization           6.   Preparation
     a.   Make distinctive        a.   Lists, transports
3.   Dehumanization          7.   Extermination
     a.   Justification         a.   Murder of
4.   Organization                      nonhumans
     a.   Collectivization   8.   Denial
                                  a.   Numbers, reasons
                                       (war)
What can you do?
   Write members of Congress and the
    administration
       Blue Print from the Genocide Prevention Task
        Force
            President Obama, Secretary of State Clinton,
             Special Envoy Scott Gration, U.S. Senators
       2010 Elections
       Legislation about conflict minerals in Congo
   Keep the issues in the forefront  write
    letters to newspapers, hold information
    sessions
A note about resources
   HMH web site 
    resources
      PDF one-pagers on
       each genocide
      Guidelines for
       teaching about
       genocide
   HMH Genocide
    Curriculum Trunk
      Class sets of books

      Videos

      How to order
Genocide Show
Genocide Show
Genocide Show

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  • 1. Genocide in the 20 th Century Presentation by Cynthia Capers, Associate Director of Education (713) 942-8000, ext. 105 ccapers@hmh.org
  • 2. The Holocaust Translating the term 1933 1939 1939 1942 1942 1945 Post 1945
  • 3. The importance of a word . . . Armenia (WWI) Raphael Lemkin After all, who now speaks of the Armenians? We are in the midst of a crime without a name. Geno + Cide
  • 4. UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such: a. Killing members of the group; b. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; c. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; d. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; e. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
  • 5. 8 Stages of Genocide 1. Classification 5. Polarization a. Us vs. Them a. Take out the middle 2. Symbolization 6. Preparation a. Make distinctive a. Lists, transports 3. Dehumanization 7. Extermination a. Justification a. Murder of 4. Organization nonhumans a. Collectivization 8. Denial a. Numbers, reasons (war)
  • 6. A Problem from Hell Senator William Proxmire 3,211 floor speeches 1988 2004 then Secretary of State Colin Powell
  • 7. Sudan Civil War (N/S) Religion as an issue US: across the aisle work Comprehensive Peace Agreement (2010 Elections) The Lost Boys Darfur (W)
  • 8. Darfur, Sudan Farmers and nomadic herders Ethnic identities that could be exploited Religion is not an issue
  • 9. Darfur, contd IDP camps versus refugee camps American and World response Permanent anti-genocide constituency? Films / photo essays / editorials The ICC US appoints a special envoy (Scott Gration, 2009)
  • 10. UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such: a. Killing members of the group; b. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; c. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; d. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; e. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
  • 11. 8 Stages of Genocide 1. Classification 5. Polarization a. Us vs. Them a. Take out the middle 2. Symbolization 6. Preparation a. Make distinctive a. Lists, transports 3. Dehumanization 7. Extermination a. Justification a. Murder of 4. Organization nonhumans a. Collectivization 8. Denial a. Numbers, reasons (war)
  • 12. What can you do? Write members of Congress and the administration Blue Print from the Genocide Prevention Task Force President Obama, Secretary of State Clinton, Special Envoy Scott Gration, U.S. Senators 2010 Elections Legislation about conflict minerals in Congo Keep the issues in the forefront write letters to newspapers, hold information sessions
  • 13. A note about resources HMH web site resources PDF one-pagers on each genocide Guidelines for teaching about genocide HMH Genocide Curriculum Trunk Class sets of books Videos How to order