Geologic Time

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The document discusses geologic time and the geologic column. It is divided into major eons like the Precambrian and Phanerzoic eon. Each eon contains eras like the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras which are further divided into periods and epochs. Laws governing the geologic column are also described, such as the laws of superposition, original horizontality, and crosscutting relationships which are used to reconstruct geologic history and determine relative ages of rock layers.

Education Technology

Eons

There are 2 Major Eons
Precambrian
Phanerzoic

The Precambrian
Precambrian Rocks
represent 87% of
Earth History

From 4.5 Byrs to
544 Myrs ago

Majority-Igneous,
Metamorphic, and
some undeformed
sedimentary rocks

Phanerozoic Eon

Contains the
Paleozoic, Mesozoic,
and Cenozoic Eras

544 Myrs to present

Paleozoic Era
Existed 544 Myrs to
248 Myrs ago

Contains the
Cambrian,
Ordovician,
Silurian, Devonian,
Mississippian,
Pennsylvanian, and
Permian Periods

Mesozoic Era
248 Myrs to 65
Myrs ago

Contains the
Triassic, Jurassic
and Cretaceous
Periods

Great Time of
Change

Cenozoic Era

65 Myrs ago to
Present

Contains the
Tertiary and
Quaternary Periods

It is the here and now

Concepts
Relative Time
Absolute Age
Law of Original Horizontality
Law of Superposition
Law of Original Continuity
Law of Faunal Assemblages

Concepts: Continued

Law of Faunal Succession
Law of Crosscutting Relationships
Law of Incusions
Law of Unconformities

Relative Time vs. Absolute Age

Relative Age is determined using a
Geologic Column. How do rock strata or
layers relate to each other.
Absolute Age is determined through
radioactive dating and gives an
“absolute” age of the rock.

Creating A Geologic Column

We must obey the
previous stated laws

Using the laws we can
reconstruct geologic Obey
events by constructing
a geologic column

The Laws
Law of Original Horizontality: All
sediments laid down in water are
horizontal or near horizontal.
Law of Superposition: Undisturbed
sedimentary rocks are older at the
bottom of the formation and younger at
the top.

The Laws Continued

Law of Original Continuity:
Sedimentary rocks exist laterally until
the thin or pinch out at their margins.
Law of Faunal Assemblages: Plants
and Animals of the same age will exist
together within the rocks.

Laws Continued

Law of Faunal Succession: Different
geologic formations of different ages
will have different fauna.
Law of Crosscutting Relationships: Any
rock cutting another must be younger
that the one it cuts.

Last Two Laws

Law of Inclusions: Fragments of another
rock in another rock are older than the
rock they are in.
Law of Unconformities: Rocks above the
unconformity are younger than the
ones below it.

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Geologic Time

1. Geologic Time and Geologic Column

2. Geologic Time Eons Eras Periods Epochs

3. Eons There are 2 Major Eons Precambrian Phanerzoic

4. The Precambrian Precambrian Rocks represent 87% of Earth History From 4.5 Byrs to 544 Myrs ago Majority-Igneous, Metamorphic, and some undeformed sedimentary rocks

5. Phanerozoic Eon Contains the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras 544 Myrs to present

6. Paleozoic Era Existed 544 Myrs to 248 Myrs ago Contains the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian Periods

7. Mesozoic Era 248 Myrs to 65 Myrs ago Contains the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods Great Time of Change

8. Cenozoic Era 65 Myrs ago to Present Contains the Tertiary and Quaternary Periods It is the here and now

9. Concepts Relative Time Absolute Age Law of Original Horizontality Law of Superposition Law of Original Continuity Law of Faunal Assemblages

10. Concepts: Continued Law of Faunal Succession Law of Crosscutting Relationships Law of Incusions Law of Unconformities

11. Relative Time vs. Absolute Age Relative Age is determined using a Geologic Column. How do rock strata or layers relate to each other. Absolute Age is determined through radioactive dating and gives an “absolute” age of the rock.

12. Creating A Geologic Column We must obey the previous stated laws Using the laws we can reconstruct geologic Obey events by constructing a geologic column

13. The Laws Law of Original Horizontality: All sediments laid down in water are horizontal or near horizontal. Law of Superposition: Undisturbed sedimentary rocks are older at the bottom of the formation and younger at the top.

15. The Laws Continued Law of Original Continuity: Sedimentary rocks exist laterally until the thin or pinch out at their margins. Law of Faunal Assemblages: Plants and Animals of the same age will exist together within the rocks.

17. Laws Continued Law of Faunal Succession: Different geologic formations of different ages will have different fauna. Law of Crosscutting Relationships: Any rock cutting another must be younger that the one it cuts.

18. Crosscutting

19. Last Two Laws Law of Inclusions: Fragments of another rock in another rock are older than the rock they are in. Law of Unconformities: Rocks above the unconformity are younger than the ones below it.

20. What do we have here?

21. Let’s Apply This Now

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Geologic Time

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