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Gerunds and infinitives

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Tatjana Kolari
Tatjana Kolari

This document discusses the differences between using gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that can be used as subjects or objects. They commonly follow verbs expressing likes/dislikes and prepositions. Infinitives use "to" before the verb and are used to express purpose or after adjectives and cognitive verbs. Both gerunds and infinitives can follow verbs like start, stop, and finish. Examples are provided to illustrate their proper uses.

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GERUND or INFINITIVE
GERUND I like GOING to the cinema. I stopped SMOKING 15 years ago. INFINITIVE Id like TO GO to the cinema. She stopped TO HAVE a deep breath of fresh air.
GERUND is used as/after a subject an object after verbs of perception after verbs expressing LIKES and DISLIKES prepositions (by, at, in, after etc.) in certain phrases (look forward to, be fond of, etc.)
SUBJECT or OBJECT in a sentence: Sunbathing can be dangerous. Do you really enjoy making the teacher hit the roof?
After verbs of PERCEPTION SEE, HEAR, LISTEN TO, WATCH, SMELL I saw him FEELING really down. We can hear him PLAYING the piano every evening. LIKES and DISLIKES, Dont you like DANCING? Michael hates BEING told what to do.
I N F I N I T I V E is used: To express PURPOSE: (answers to WHY?) She came to deliver the goods. I shouted to draw his attention.
After ADJECTIVES: It is difficult TO BE the best student in class. Dont you think he is so hard TO PLEASE? I was reluctant TO TALK to her.
After COGNITIVE verbs: seem, agree, choose, expect, manage, decide, arrange, remember, plan, predict, forget e.g.They agreed to meet in the afternoon Dont expect me TO FORGIVE you.
Both GERUND or INFINITIVE can be used after these verbs: START, STOP, FINISH Please, stop arguing! They stopped in the middle of the road to argue again. REMEBER, FORGET He remebered her swimming naked at night. She forgot to take the key again.
EXERCIES: 1. _______ (learn) grammar rules is too difficult for me. 2. Is there any point in ________ (try) to persuade you? 3. Dont even think of _______ (leave) before midnight! 4. Oh, God! I forgot ______ (turn off) the computer last night.
More practice The robbers forced the manager _____(open) the safe. Im really tired of _______(explain) the same grammar rules all over again. Hes working too hard. Hes too tired ______(do) anything after work. Donna stopped_______(drink) and now she completely recovered. We stopped_______(drink) a glass of water from the well in the woods.

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Gerunds and infinitives

  • 2. GERUND I like GOING to the cinema. I stopped SMOKING 15 years ago. INFINITIVE Id like TO GO to the cinema. She stopped TO HAVE a deep breath of fresh air.
  • 3. GERUND is used as/after a subject an object after verbs of perception after verbs expressing LIKES and DISLIKES prepositions (by, at, in, after etc.) in certain phrases (look forward to, be fond of, etc.)
  • 4. SUBJECT or OBJECT in a sentence: Sunbathing can be dangerous. Do you really enjoy making the teacher hit the roof?
  • 5. After verbs of PERCEPTION SEE, HEAR, LISTEN TO, WATCH, SMELL I saw him FEELING really down. We can hear him PLAYING the piano every evening. LIKES and DISLIKES, Dont you like DANCING? Michael hates BEING told what to do.
  • 6. I N F I N I T I V E is used: To express PURPOSE: (answers to WHY?) She came to deliver the goods. I shouted to draw his attention.
  • 7. After ADJECTIVES: It is difficult TO BE the best student in class. Dont you think he is so hard TO PLEASE? I was reluctant TO TALK to her.
  • 8. After COGNITIVE verbs: seem, agree, choose, expect, manage, decide, arrange, remember, plan, predict, forget e.g.They agreed to meet in the afternoon Dont expect me TO FORGIVE you.
  • 9. Both GERUND or INFINITIVE can be used after these verbs: START, STOP, FINISH Please, stop arguing! They stopped in the middle of the road to argue again. REMEBER, FORGET He remebered her swimming naked at night. She forgot to take the key again.
  • 10. EXERCIES: 1. _______ (learn) grammar rules is too difficult for me. 2. Is there any point in ________ (try) to persuade you? 3. Dont even think of _______ (leave) before midnight! 4. Oh, God! I forgot ______ (turn off) the computer last night.
  • 11. More practice The robbers forced the manager _____(open) the safe. Im really tired of _______(explain) the same grammar rules all over again. Hes working too hard. Hes too tired ______(do) anything after work. Donna stopped_______(drink) and now she completely recovered. We stopped_______(drink) a glass of water from the well in the woods.