Git For Beginer
Download as PPTX, PDF
2 likes454 views
The document discusses the three main states that code can be in with Git: unmodified, staged, and committed. It explains how to use commands like git add, git commit, git status, and git diff to transition code between these states and view changes. It also covers branching, merging, rebasing and rewriting history with commands like git branch, git merge, git rebase and git reset.
![The Three States
Modify deleting 1 line
$git commit -m
My message
$ git commit -m"My message"
[master 11e6b70] My message
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 file1
$ git status -s
M file1
$ git diff --stat
file1 | 1 -
1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)
$ git diff --stat --cached](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gitsharing-150323211758-conversion-gate01/85/Git-For-Beginer-10-320.jpg)
![Rewrite history - example
Suppose we want to re-order the commits, and also meld the commit aaaa
and commit My message into one.
pick 11e6b70 My message
squash c0ec642 aaaa
pick a6fb541 bbb
pick 4d320e5 ccc
# Edit new message for the combined commit
[detached HEAD ae5869b] My message + aaaa
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 file1
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/MR1.
$ git log --oneline
8abba8a ccc
cb566cd bbb
ae5869b My message + aaaa
0ef9202 First commit](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gitsharing-150323211758-conversion-gate01/85/Git-For-Beginer-29-320.jpg)
Git For Beginer
- 1. knowledge sharing Prepared by Hieu Tran Pho team/DEK-VN
- 3. The Three States $ git status On branch master Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: file2 Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) file1 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") $ git diff diff --git a/file2 b/file2 index d1c36fb..98bc6aa 100644 --- a/file2 +++ b/file2 @@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ A A A B B B C C C D D D +E E E $ git diff --cached Create new file1 with 4 lines content Modify existing file2 adding 1 line
- 4. The Three States Create new file1 with 4 lines content Modify existing file2 adding 1 line $ git status -s M file2 ?? file1 $ git diff --stat file2 | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) $ git diff --stat --cached short visualize changes Whats in staging area?
- 5. The Three States $git add file1 $ git status -s A file1 M file2 $ git diff --stat file2 | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) $ git diff --stat --cached file1 | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
- 6. The Three States $git add file1 $ git status -s A file1 M file2 $ git diff --stat $ git diff --stat --cached file1 | 4 ++++ file2 | 1 + 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+) $git add file2
- 7. The Three States $git add file1 $ git reset file2 Unstaged changes after reset: M file2 $ git status -s A file1 M file2 $ git diff --stat file2 | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) $ git diff --stat --cached file1 | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) $git reset file2
- 8. The Three States $git add file1 $ git checkout file2 $ git status -s A file1 $ git diff --stat $ git diff --stat --cached file1 | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) $git checkout file2
- 9. The Three States $ git status -s AM file1 $ git diff --stat file1 | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) $ git diff --stat --cached file1 | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) Modify deleting 1 line
- 10. The Three States Modify deleting 1 line $git commit -m My message $ git commit -m"My message" [master 11e6b70] My message 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) create mode 100644 file1 $ git status -s M file1 $ git diff --stat file1 | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) $ git diff --stat --cached
- 11. Branching - commit C1 Snapshot 1 master HEAD What happens? $ git commit
- 12. Branching - commit C1 C2 Snapshot 1 Snapshot 2 master HEAD $ git commit
- 13. Branching - push C1 C2 Snapshot 1 Snapshot 2 master HEAD $ git push Nothing happens on local. But changes will be pushed to remote.
- 14. Branching - branch C1 C2 Snapshot 1 Snapshot 2 master HEAD $ git checkout b MR1 What happens?
- 15. Branching - branch C1 C2 Snapshot 1 Snapshot 2 master HEAD $ git checkout b MR1 MR1 Equivalent to: $ git branch MR1 $ git checkout MR1
- 16. Branching C1 C2 Snapshot 1 Snapshot 2 master HEAD $ git commit MR1 What happens?
- 17. Branching C1 C2 Snapshot 1 Snapshot 2 master $ git commit HEAD MR1 C3 Snapshot 3
- 18. Branching C1 C2 Snapshot 1 Snapshot 2 master $ git commit HEAD MR1 C3 Snapshot 3 To simplify things, snapshots wont be shown
- 19. Branching - pull C1 C2 master $ git pull origin master HEAD MR1 C3 What happens?
- 20. Branching - pull $ git pull origin master C1 C2 master HEAD MR1 C3 C4 C5 There are 2 ways to get new changes from master branch to the current branch MR1: merge and rebase
- 21. Branching - merge $ git merge master C1 C2 master HEAD MR1 C3 C4 C5 What happens?
- 22. Branching - merge $ git merge master C1 C2 master HEAD MR1 C3 C4 C5 C6
- 23. Branching - rebase $ git rebase master C1 C2 master HEAD MR1 C3 C4 C5 What happens?
- 24. Branching - rebase $ git rebase master C1 C2 master HEAD MR1 C3 C4 C5 New C3 is actually different from old C3, different base.
- 25. Branching merge vs rebase C1 C2 master MR1 C3C4 C5 C1 C2 master MR1 C3 C4 C5 C6 Merge Rebase Same!
- 26. Moving around $ git checkout <commit/branch/tag> $ git reset <commit/branch/tag> $ git reset --hard <commit/branch/tag> $ git reset --soft <commit/branch/tag> HEAD current branch HEAD
- 27. Rewrite history N.B. you can only rewrite history on local. You should not rewrite history of commits that you have pushed. Using rebase interactive $ git rebase -i You can: Squash commits into one Amend a commit Re-order commits Edit a commit message Drop a commit Etc.
- 28. Rewrite history - example $ git log --oneline c0ec642 aaaa 4d320e5 ccc a6fb541 bbb 11e6b70 My message 0ef9202 First commit $ git rebase -i 0ef9202 # or git rebase HEAD~4 pick 11e6b70 My message pick a6fb541 bbb pick 4d320e5 ccc pick c0ec642 aaaa # Rebase 0ef9202..c0ec642 onto 0ef9202 # HEAD~4
- 29. Rewrite history - example Suppose we want to re-order the commits, and also meld the commit aaaa and commit My message into one. pick 11e6b70 My message squash c0ec642 aaaa pick a6fb541 bbb pick 4d320e5 ccc # Edit new message for the combined commit [detached HEAD ae5869b] My message + aaaa 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+) create mode 100644 file1 Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/MR1. $ git log --oneline 8abba8a ccc cb566cd bbb ae5869b My message + aaaa 0ef9202 First commit
- 30. Some handy git commands git branch -a list all branches git pull --ff-only pull but fast-forward merge only git pull --rebase pull but instead of merging, rebase git checkout list all modified files git checkout . discard all modifications in current and sub- directories git clean -xdf clean ALL untracked files git apply some.patch apply a patch git fetch --tags fetch new tags from remote git describe develop whats the newest release git checkout <commit> -- needed_file checkout file from a commit or branch, checked out will be put in staged area git grep needle self-explaintory
- 31. Q&A
- 32. Thank you Thank you for listening