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Libro de gramatica
Liliana
smoot
Table of Contents
1) Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses
2) Tu Commands
3) Nosotros Commands
4) Past Participles Used as Adjectives
5) Present Perfect
6) Past Perfect
7) Future Tense
8) Conditional Tense
9) Past Subjunctive
Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses
Adjective clauses are clauses that modify a
noun or pronoun in the main clause of a
sentence. The subjunctive is used to
refer to a person, place, thing, or idea
that either does not exist or whose
existence is uncertain.
Subjunctives almost always use the word
que before the conjugated verb.
Examples of irregulars
Haber
Dormir
Conocer
Querer
Saber
Tengo un amigo que juga al patin.
Buscan a la casa que cueste
menos.
Tu Commands
 Hablar > habla
 Volver > vuelve
 Ir and ver > ve
 Negative: put in yo form and
change to opposite vowel, add an s
 Affirmative: drop the s
Irregulars
decir > di
hacer > haz
ir > ve
poner > pon
salir > sal
ser > se
tener > ten
venir > ven
Irregulars for Negative
TVDISHES
No escribas.
Escucha a musica.
Nosotros Commands
 Affirmative: put in yo form
and then change to the
opposite vowel
 Negative: same! Then add
no
T tener: tengamos
V venir: vengamos
D dar: demos; decir: digamos
I ir: vayamos
S ser: seamos
H hacer: hagamos; haber: hayamos
E estar: estemos
S saber: sepamos
T
V
D
I
S
H
E
S
Vamos!
Past Participles Used as Adjectives
Abrir-abierto
Poner- puesto
Describir-
descrito
Decir-
dicho
Morir-
muerto
Hacer-
hecho
Escribir-
escrito
Descubrir-
descubierto
AR- Ado
ER/IR- Ido
La puerta esta cerrada.
La puerta etsa abierta.
Present Perfect
Present tense of haber + past participle
he, has, ha, hemos, han
16. Past Perfect
 Used to talk about what someone had done
or what had occurred before another past
action, event, or state.
 Often used with the word ya (which means
already)
 Cannot be placed between haber and past participle
 Julia ya se habia acostado. (Julia had already gone
to bed.)
 Imperfect tense of haber + past participle
 Habia hecho
 Habia occurrido
Future Tense
辿
叩s
叩
emos
叩n
Irregulars
Decir Dir-
Hacer Har-
Poner Pondr-
Salir Saldr-
Tener Tendr-
Venir Vendr-
Poder Podr-
Querer Querr-
Saber Sabr-
Inifnitive +
Har叩 tacos a la escuela.
Saldr辿 a la ma単ana.
Conditional Tense
鱈a 鱈amos
鱈as
鱈a 鱈an
All endings
are the same
for er, ir, and
ar.
Decir Dir-
Hacer Har-
Poner Pondr-
Salir Saldr-
Tener Tendr-
Venir Vendr-
Poder Podr-
Querer Querr-
Saber Sabr-
Irregulars
would/could/should
Estudiar鱈a para mi
examen.
Querer鱈a una limonada.
Past Subjunctive
Drop the -ron
ending from third
person plural
preterite form of
verb
AR/ER/IR
-ra
-ras
-ra
-ramos
-ran
Si tuviera m叩s dinero, viajar鱈a por
todo el mundo.
Si yo fuera t炭, no lo har鱈a.
Fin

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grammar book

  • 2. Table of Contents 1) Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses 2) Tu Commands 3) Nosotros Commands 4) Past Participles Used as Adjectives 5) Present Perfect 6) Past Perfect 7) Future Tense 8) Conditional Tense 9) Past Subjunctive
  • 3. Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses Adjective clauses are clauses that modify a noun or pronoun in the main clause of a sentence. The subjunctive is used to refer to a person, place, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain. Subjunctives almost always use the word que before the conjugated verb. Examples of irregulars Haber Dormir Conocer Querer Saber Tengo un amigo que juga al patin. Buscan a la casa que cueste menos.
  • 4. Tu Commands Hablar > habla Volver > vuelve Ir and ver > ve Negative: put in yo form and change to opposite vowel, add an s Affirmative: drop the s Irregulars decir > di hacer > haz ir > ve poner > pon salir > sal ser > se tener > ten venir > ven Irregulars for Negative TVDISHES No escribas. Escucha a musica.
  • 5. Nosotros Commands Affirmative: put in yo form and then change to the opposite vowel Negative: same! Then add no T tener: tengamos V venir: vengamos D dar: demos; decir: digamos I ir: vayamos S ser: seamos H hacer: hagamos; haber: hayamos E estar: estemos S saber: sepamos T V D I S H E S Vamos!
  • 6. Past Participles Used as Adjectives Abrir-abierto Poner- puesto Describir- descrito Decir- dicho Morir- muerto Hacer- hecho Escribir- escrito Descubrir- descubierto AR- Ado ER/IR- Ido La puerta esta cerrada. La puerta etsa abierta.
  • 7. Present Perfect Present tense of haber + past participle he, has, ha, hemos, han
  • 8. 16. Past Perfect Used to talk about what someone had done or what had occurred before another past action, event, or state. Often used with the word ya (which means already) Cannot be placed between haber and past participle Julia ya se habia acostado. (Julia had already gone to bed.) Imperfect tense of haber + past participle Habia hecho Habia occurrido
  • 9. Future Tense 辿 叩s 叩 emos 叩n Irregulars Decir Dir- Hacer Har- Poner Pondr- Salir Saldr- Tener Tendr- Venir Vendr- Poder Podr- Querer Querr- Saber Sabr- Inifnitive + Har叩 tacos a la escuela. Saldr辿 a la ma単ana.
  • 10. Conditional Tense 鱈a 鱈amos 鱈as 鱈a 鱈an All endings are the same for er, ir, and ar. Decir Dir- Hacer Har- Poner Pondr- Salir Saldr- Tener Tendr- Venir Vendr- Poder Podr- Querer Querr- Saber Sabr- Irregulars would/could/should Estudiar鱈a para mi examen. Querer鱈a una limonada.
  • 11. Past Subjunctive Drop the -ron ending from third person plural preterite form of verb AR/ER/IR -ra -ras -ra -ramos -ran Si tuviera m叩s dinero, viajar鱈a por todo el mundo. Si yo fuera t炭, no lo har鱈a.
  • 12. Fin