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Grammar Book
Table of Contents
 Imperfect
 Preterite (Car Gar Zar, Spock, Cucaracha, Snake)
 Modal Verbs
 Adverbs
 Progressive (Pres, Past)
 Future (irregular )
 superlatives
 Formal Commands
 prepostions
 conditionals
 Demonstartives
Preterite
 AR
 ER/IR
 -e
 -i
 -aste
 - iste
 -o
 - io
 - amos
 - imos
 - aron
 - ieron
Car Gar Zar



 Car + yo = -que
 Gar + yo = - gue
 Zar + yo = - ce


 Any other conjugation follows the normal conjugation
rules!
Spock



 Ir/ Ser- Fui, fuiste, fue, fumos, fueron
 Dar/ Ver- i, iste, io, imos, ieron
 Hacer - hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hiceron
Cucaracha Verbs

                           (Yo=e, Tu=iste,

  Andar       anduv-
                           El=0, nosotros-
                             imos, ellos=
                                ieron




  Estar           Estuv-




  Poder           puse-
Cucaracha Verbs

                          (Yo=e, Tu=iste,

  Querer          Quis-
                          El=0, nosotros-
                            imos, ellos=
                               ieron




   Venir          Vin-




   Dicir          Dig-
Cucaracha Verbs

                          (Yo=e, Tu=iste,

    Trear         Traj-
                          El=0, nosotros-
                            imos, ellos=
                               ieron




  Conducir    Conduj-




  Producir    produj-
Cucaracha Verbs




                        (Yo=e, Tu=iste,

  Traducir    Traduj-
                        El=0, nosotros-
                          imos, ellos=
                             ieron
Snake- Snakey
   SNAKE Stem Changers (Dormir)
   Dormir
   Dormi
   Dormimos
   Dormiste
   Durmio
   Durmieron
   SNAKEY Y Changers
   Leer
   Lei
   Limos
   Leiste
   Leyo
   Leyeron
Modal Verbs

                     deber+infinitive      tener+que+infinitive
                       (should do             (to have to do
                       something)               something)




                   querer+infinitive (to
                                           Soler+infinitive (to
                       want to do
                                           be accustomed to)
                       something)




 ir+a+infinitive     Poder+infinitive      necesitar+infinitive
   (going to do        (able to do            (need to do
   something)          something)             something)
Adverbs



 1st make the adjective feminine, 2nd if there are 2
  adverbs than you change the second one to mente.
 If the adjective does not end in (o or a) then keep it the
  way it is.
 Irregulars= mucho, bien, ya, muy, mal, tan, bastante, y
  siempre
Progressive y past progressives



 Imperfect + Estar = You were doing something


 Imperfect + Estar + Ando/iendo/yendo = You are doing
  something
Future

  Infinitive
      +          Yo      e

  Infinitive
      +          Tu      as

  Infinitive
      +        el/ella   a
Future



  Infinitive
               nosotros   emos
      +

  Infinitive    Ellos,
                           an
      +         Ellas
Future Irregulars



Yo- Ir(iba), Ser(era),     Tu- Ir(ibas), Ser(eras),    El/ella- Ir(iba), Ser(era),
      Ver(Veia)                   Ver(veas)                     Ver(veia)




                     nosotros-                   ellos/ellas-
             Ir(ibamos),Ser(eramos),        Ir(iban),Ser(eran),
                   Ver(veiamos)                  Ver(veian)
Superlatives




 Used when you are saying if someone has the most or
  least of something.
El, La, Los, Las - mas (most)
El,La, Los,Las- Menos (least)
Formal Commands



 Start in yo form
 Drop the -o
 Add (for ar verbs) -e(ud), -en(ustds)
 Add (for er & ir verbs) -a(ud), -an(ustds)
Prepostions


 Abajo- Down/ Under
 Arriba- On top of
 Debajo de- Below
 Dentro de- Inside
 Encima de - Above
 Fuera de- Not there
Conditions



                                       Infinitive +                            ia, ias, ia,   Hablar,




                                                      ia, ias, ia, iamos, ia
                        Infinitive +
                                                                               iamos,ian      Hablaria,
 Used to express the                                                                         Hablarias,
                                                                                              Hablaria,
  probobalitity of                                                                            Hablariamos,
                                                                                              Hablarian
  something to occur
Demonstarives



 This= Este, Esta
                       These= Estos, Estas
 That= Ese, Esa
                       Those= Esos, Esas
 That Over There =
  Aquel, Aquela        Those Over There=
                        Aquellos, Aquellas

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Grammar book2

  • 2. Table of Contents Imperfect Preterite (Car Gar Zar, Spock, Cucaracha, Snake) Modal Verbs Adverbs Progressive (Pres, Past) Future (irregular ) superlatives Formal Commands prepostions conditionals Demonstartives
  • 3. Preterite AR ER/IR -e -i -aste - iste -o - io - amos - imos - aron - ieron
  • 4. Car Gar Zar Car + yo = -que Gar + yo = - gue Zar + yo = - ce Any other conjugation follows the normal conjugation rules!
  • 5. Spock Ir/ Ser- Fui, fuiste, fue, fumos, fueron Dar/ Ver- i, iste, io, imos, ieron Hacer - hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hiceron
  • 6. Cucaracha Verbs (Yo=e, Tu=iste, Andar anduv- El=0, nosotros- imos, ellos= ieron Estar Estuv- Poder puse-
  • 7. Cucaracha Verbs (Yo=e, Tu=iste, Querer Quis- El=0, nosotros- imos, ellos= ieron Venir Vin- Dicir Dig-
  • 8. Cucaracha Verbs (Yo=e, Tu=iste, Trear Traj- El=0, nosotros- imos, ellos= ieron Conducir Conduj- Producir produj-
  • 9. Cucaracha Verbs (Yo=e, Tu=iste, Traducir Traduj- El=0, nosotros- imos, ellos= ieron
  • 10. Snake- Snakey SNAKE Stem Changers (Dormir) Dormir Dormi Dormimos Dormiste Durmio Durmieron SNAKEY Y Changers Leer Lei Limos Leiste Leyo Leyeron
  • 11. Modal Verbs deber+infinitive tener+que+infinitive (should do (to have to do something) something) querer+infinitive (to Soler+infinitive (to want to do be accustomed to) something) ir+a+infinitive Poder+infinitive necesitar+infinitive (going to do (able to do (need to do something) something) something)
  • 12. Adverbs 1st make the adjective feminine, 2nd if there are 2 adverbs than you change the second one to mente. If the adjective does not end in (o or a) then keep it the way it is. Irregulars= mucho, bien, ya, muy, mal, tan, bastante, y siempre
  • 13. Progressive y past progressives Imperfect + Estar = You were doing something Imperfect + Estar + Ando/iendo/yendo = You are doing something
  • 14. Future Infinitive + Yo e Infinitive + Tu as Infinitive + el/ella a
  • 15. Future Infinitive nosotros emos + Infinitive Ellos, an + Ellas
  • 16. Future Irregulars Yo- Ir(iba), Ser(era), Tu- Ir(ibas), Ser(eras), El/ella- Ir(iba), Ser(era), Ver(Veia) Ver(veas) Ver(veia) nosotros- ellos/ellas- Ir(ibamos),Ser(eramos), Ir(iban),Ser(eran), Ver(veiamos) Ver(veian)
  • 17. Superlatives Used when you are saying if someone has the most or least of something. El, La, Los, Las - mas (most) El,La, Los,Las- Menos (least)
  • 18. Formal Commands Start in yo form Drop the -o Add (for ar verbs) -e(ud), -en(ustds) Add (for er & ir verbs) -a(ud), -an(ustds)
  • 19. Prepostions Abajo- Down/ Under Arriba- On top of Debajo de- Below Dentro de- Inside Encima de - Above Fuera de- Not there
  • 20. Conditions Infinitive + ia, ias, ia, Hablar, ia, ias, ia, iamos, ia Infinitive + iamos,ian Hablaria, Used to express the Hablarias, Hablaria, probobalitity of Hablariamos, Hablarian something to occur
  • 21. Demonstarives This= Este, Esta These= Estos, Estas That= Ese, Esa Those= Esos, Esas That Over There = Aquel, Aquela Those Over There= Aquellos, Aquellas