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as although /
though

in order to unless

Unless = if 鈥� not / except if

It is followed by a present tense, a past
tense or a past perfect (never by 'would').
It is used instead of if + not in conditional
sentences of all types.

I鈥檒l be at your place at 9.00 unless (=
except if) the bus is late.

She would be here by now
unless she was stuck in the
traffic.

Rewrite the sentences using
鈥渦nless鈥�

1. I will be back tomorrow if there isn鈥檛 a
train strike.
2. I am going to work in the garden this
afternoon, if it doesn鈥檛 rain.
3. Pedro gets angry with people who
don鈥檛 take him seriously.

1. I will be back tomorrow unless
there is a train strike.

2. I am going to work in the garden this
afternoon unless it rains.

3. Unless you take Pedro seriously, he
will get angry with you.

as = used to state the reason for
something

1. As you were out, I left a
message.
2. She may need some help as
she's a new student.

in order to (formal) + verb = to +
verb (informal)

I went to bed extra early (in order)
to get plenty of sleep.

although / though (less
formal)

although/ though + subject + verb

1. Although I don鈥檛 like to wake up
early, I usually arrive on time.
2. I don鈥檛 like to wake up early. I usually
arrive on time, though

WHEN
When is used with a clause with an activity that 鈥�
1) is a short interruption,
2) occurs at nearly the same time or shortly after another
activity. A non progressive verb form is commonly
used (short duration).

When you called, he was watching his baby.
(short interruption; "at the moment")

He was watching his baby when you called.

When you called, he picked up his cell
phone.
(series of events; "immediately after")

WHILE
While is used with a clause with an activity that 鈥�

飪� occurs during or at the same time as another activity. A
progressive verb form is commonly used (longer duration).

While he was talking on the phone, he was describing his
baby.
(ongoing; "during the time")

The while-clause can also indicate that a
background activity is going on while the other
activity occurs.

While he was talking on the phone,
his baby slept.

His baby slept while he was talking on the phone.

Correct the following mistakes.

While he called me, he was driving to work.
When he called me, he was driving to work.

He was watching his baby, when you called.
He was watching his baby when you called.

when
1. _________ it rains, I wear my raincoat.
2. Open your umbrella ______ you feel a drop of
when
rain.
when
3. __________ the weather gets better, I'll run out.
4. _________I was waiting for him, I was reading a
while
magazine.
5. _________ are you coming ?
when
when
6. Here shoes are repaired __________ you want.
7. I don't know ____________ she'll be coming.
when
8. __________ I was sleeping, my husband was
while
reading a book.
when
9. That was the day ________ you were here.
while
10. _______ you are here, could you help me with
the car ?

NOW, OPEN YOUR BOOK ON PAGE 15 AND
DO THE EXERCISE ABOUT CONJUNCTIONS.

HOMEWORK
- COMPOSITION -
Choose one of the following topics and write about 200
words:

Topic one
-鈥淪ummer is Over鈥� song 鈥� Suppose you are one of the characters in the
song (the boy/ the girl). Back in your hometown now that Summer is
over, you find out that you can鈥檛 forget the girl / boy you were involved with
last Summer. Write him / her a letter (or email) telling him / her about your
feelings, your life now and hopes for the future.

Topic two
- Write about a memorable holiday trip from your childhood or a
frightening experience you had.

Note: Use different conjunctions to link your sentences. Pay attention to
verb tenses !

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Grammar lesson - conjunctions

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