Gravitation
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While sitting under an apple tree with Isaac Newton, an apple fell from the tree and inspired Newton to think about why apples and other objects always fall straight down, not sideways or up. This led him to develop his theory of universal gravitation, which states that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Newton showed that the same force that causes apples and other falling objects on Earth also governs the motion of celestial objects in space.
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Useful to studentsNeumann, Franz. - Behemoth [ocr] [1942].pdf![Neumann, Franz. - Behemoth [ocr] [1942].pdf](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/neumannfranz-250302005344-b8decbc6-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
Neumann, Franz. - Behemoth [ocr] [1942].pdfFrancisco Sandoval Mart鱈nez
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Fascism, National-Socialism, HistoryElectrical Quantities and Circuits | IGCSE Physics
Electrical Quantities and Circuits | IGCSE PhysicsBlessing Ndazie
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This extensive slide deck provides a detailed exploration of electrical quantities and circuits for IGCSE Physics. It covers key electrical quantities, including charge, current, voltage (potential difference), resistance, power, energy, electromotive force (EMF), and internal resistance. The presentation also explains series and parallel circuits, with in-depth discussions on Ohms Law, Kirchhoffs Laws, electrical components, circuit calculations, and practical applications. Packed with illustrative diagrams, worked examples, and exam-style questions, this resource is ideal for IGCSE students, teachers, and independent learners preparing for exams.
Beyond Point Masses. IV. Trans-Neptunian Object Altjira Is Likely a Hierarchi...
Beyond Point Masses. IV. Trans-Neptunian Object Altjira Is Likely a Hierarchi...S辿rgio Sacani
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Dynamically studying trans-Neptunian object (TNO) binaries allows us to measure masses and orbits. Most of the known objects appear to have only two components, except (47171) Lempo, which is the single known hierarchical triple system with three similar-mass components. Though hundreds of TNOs have been imaged with high-resolution telescopes, no other hierarchical triples (or trinaries) have been found among solar system small bodies, even though they are predicted in planetesimal formation models such as gravitational collapse after the streaming instability. By going beyond the point-mass assumption and modeling TNO orbits as non-Keplerian, we open a new window into the shapes and spins of the components, including the possible presence of unresolved inner binaries. Here we present evidence for a new hierarchical triple, (148780) Altjira (2001 UQ18), based on non-Keplerian dynamical modeling of the two observed components. We incorporate two recent Hubble Space Telescope observations, leading to a 17 yr observational baseline. We present a new open-source Bayesian pointspread function fitting code called nPSF that provides precise relative astrometry and uncertainties for single images. Our non-Keplerian analysis measures a statistically significant (2.5) nonspherical shape for Altjira. The measured J2 is best explained as an unresolved inner binary, and an example hierarchical triple model gives the best fit to the observed astrometry. Using an updated non-Keplerian ephemeris (which is significantly different from the Keplerian predictions), we show that the predicted mutual event season for Altjira has already begun, with several excellent opportunities for observations through 2030.
The Sense Organs: Structure and Function of the Eye and Skin | IGCSE Biology
The Sense Organs: Structure and Function of the Eye and Skin | IGCSE BiologyBlessing Ndazie
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This detailed presentation covers the structure and function of the sense organs, focusing on the eye and skin as part of the Cambridge IGCSE Biology syllabus. Learn about the anatomy of the eye, how vision works, adaptations for focusing, and common eye defects. Explore the role of the skin in temperature regulation, protection, and sensory reception. Perfect for students preparing for exams!
Investigational New drug application process
Investigational New drug application processonepalyer4
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This file basically contains information related to IND application process in order to get approval for clinical trials.WORKING AND APPLICATION OF LC-MS/MS 2025
WORKING AND APPLICATION OF LC-MS/MS 2025PSG College of Technology
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LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) is a powerful analytical tool for comparing innovator and biosimilar drugs. It ensures precise characterization, detecting structural variations, impurities, and post-translational modifications, ensuring biosimilar quality, efficacy, and regulatory compliance in pharmaceutical development.Respiration & Gas Exchange | Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Respiration & Gas Exchange | Cambridge IGCSE BiologyBlessing Ndazie
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This IGCSE Biology presentation explains respiration and gas exchange, covering the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the structure of the respiratory system, gas exchange in the lungs, and the role of diffusion. Learn about the effects of exercise on breathing, how smoking affects the lungs, and how respiration provides energy for cells. A perfect study resource for Cambridge IGCSE students preparing for exams!Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell.pptx
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell.pptxDrSulabhaDeokar
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This presentation explores the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells,distinguishing characteristics of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.Describe common cell morphologies and cellular arrangements in typical Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Presentation explains how cells maintain their morphology.
Explore internal and external structures of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in terms of their physical structure, chemical structure and function.
This presentation is designed for biology students, educators, and anyone interested in cellular biology. Based on the latest research and scientific discoveries in the field of Microbiology, Microbial Biotechnology and cellular biology. This Presentation has been compiled using information from trusted educational resources and scientific literature.
The purpose of this presentation is to educate and inform the students about the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their unique structures, functions, and characteristics, which provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular biology.
Educate the students and teachers about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in detail.
This presentation will engage and entertain the students, often with a mix of detail information, colourful pictures and storytelling.
This presentation will motivate and inspire the students to think differently, take action, or pursue a goal.
Definitely it will raise awareness about a ultrastructures of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes .
This presentation will Provide an update or report on a science projects and progress as well as inspire the graduate students to learn more about cellular biology and its applications.
This presentation will inspire studets, teachers and educational professionals to explore digital resource for e - learnig .
Presentation likely to be used by under graduate and post graduate students, educators or individuals for online learning.
It can work as digital resource for a broader e- learning ecosystem.
This presentation highlights '' NEP-aligned Biotechnology and Biology education.''
"Discover the distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, from cell walls to genetic material. This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of cellular biology.Learn about the two main types of cells - prokaryotic,eukaryotic and their differences in structure, function, and organization. A great resource for biology learners.Uncover the unique characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in this informative PPT.B-FPGM: Lightweight Face Detection via Bayesian-Optimized Soft FPGM Pruning
B-FPGM: Lightweight Face Detection via Bayesian-Optimized Soft FPGM PruningVasileiosMezaris
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Presentation of our paper, "B-FPGM: Lightweight Face Detection via Bayesian-Optimized Soft FPGM Pruning", by N. Kaparinos and V. Mezaris. Presented at the RWS Workshop of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV 2025), Tucson, AZ, USA, Feb. 2025. Preprint and software available at http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16917 https://github.com/IDT-ITI/B-FPGMDirect Gene Transfer Techniques for Developing Transgenic Plants
Direct Gene Transfer Techniques for Developing Transgenic PlantsKuldeep Gauliya
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This presentation will explain all the methods adopted for developing transgenic plant using direct gene transfer technique.Blotting techniques and types of blotting .pptx
Blotting techniques and types of blotting .pptxsakshibhongal26
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Blotting techniques- types and advantages, disadvantages Leafcurl viral disease presentation.pptx
Leafcurl viral disease presentation.pptxMir Ali M
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This ppt shows about viral disease in plants and vegetables.It shows different species of virus effect on plants along their vectors which carries those tiny microbes.Coordination and Response: The Nervous System | IGCSE Biology
Coordination and Response: The Nervous System | IGCSE BiologyBlessing Ndazie
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This comprehensive IGCSE Biology presentation explains the nervous system, focusing on how the body coordinates and responds to stimuli. Learn about the central and peripheral nervous systems, reflex actions, neurons, synapses, and the role of neurotransmitters. Understand the differences between voluntary and involuntary responses and how the nervous system interacts with other body systems. Ideal for Cambridge IGCSE students preparing for exams!Scientific Pig Farming Manual for Pig Farmers
Scientific Pig Farming Manual for Pig FarmersDr. Subhrajit Das
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Pig farming, pork farming, pig production or hog farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork: bacon, ham, gammon) and skins.
Pigs are amenable to many different styles of farming: intensive commercial units, commercial free range enterprises, or extensive farming (being allowed to wander around a village, town or city, or tethered in a simple shelter or kept in a pen outside the owner's house). Historically, farm pigs were kept in small numbers and were closely associated with the residence of the owner, or in the same village or town.[1] They were valued as a source of meat and fat, and for their ability to convert inedible food into meat and manure, and were often fed household food waste when kept on a homestead.[2] Pigs have been farmed to dispose of municipal garbage on a large scale.[3]
All these forms of pig farm are in use today, though intensive farms are by far the most popular, due to their potential to raise a large amount of pigs in a very cost-efficient manner.[4] In developed nations, commercial farms house thousands of pigs in climate-controlled buildings.[5] Pigs are a popular form of livestock, with more than one billion pigs butchered each year worldwide, 100 million in the United States. The majority of pigs are used for human food, but also supply skin, fat and other materials for use in clothing, ingredients for processed foods,[6] cosmetics,[7] and medical use.[8]Pig farming has gained importance today. Pigs have inherited capacity to acclimatize with varying climatic conditions. Pigs cannot withstand high temperature climate.
Pigs are adjusted to varied rearing practices and consume different types of food (Omnivorous) to attain higher growth and meat production.
Pigs will attain 60-70kg body weight in 6-8months period.
Female pigs i.e., sows will come to heat at age of 8-9 months but avoid using male pigs (Boars) for breeding purpose until it attains one year of age.
Adult sows when bred during right time after attaining maturity will farrow 8-12 piglets in 112-118 days of gestation period (i.e., about 4 months of gestation). Feedefficiencyis to gain one Kg live weightfor every 2.75-3kg feed consumed (FCR: 1:2.75). There are many advantageous in pig rearing. Pork is available at a cheaper price with nutritious and highly palatable tasty meat of higher quality animal protein. Pig bones are used for producing bone meal and also used for purification of sugar in sugar industry.
The manure droppings and urine are good fertilizers which enhance the soil fertilityand improve grain production.
Pig hairs (Bristles) are used for making brushes and ropes, hooves are used for shirt button making and preparation of gum. Hence, pigs are called as multi utility domestic animals. Farmers can take up piggery farming and reduce their debt burden and improve their profits and livelihood.
Gravitation
- 2. Story behind Newton`s apple After dinner the weather being warm, we went into the garden & drank tea under the shade of some apple trees, only he and myself . He told me he was just in the same situation as when formerly the notion of gravitation came to his mind why should that apple always descend perpendicularly to that ground, why should it not go sideways or upward?
- 3. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE Gravitational force is a force that attracts any object with mass Every object is being pulled each other Is there a force between two objects around you? If so then why don`t they move towards each other?
- 4. Newton`s Universal law of gravitation Every object in the universe attracts every other object in the universe with a force that is proportional to their masses & inversely proportional to the square of distance between them.
- 5. Consider two objects of mass M1 & M2 lies at a distance of d from each other as shown in the figure.
- 6. According to universal law of gravitation , F 留 M1 M2 F 留 1d族 Combining the equations , F 留 M1M2 d族 F G(M1M2) d族 where G is the constant of proportionality & called universal gravitation constant.
- 7. Gravitational constant G Fd族 M1 M2 Value of G was found out by Henry Cavendish Unit of G is Nm族Kg俗族