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Green Building Materials

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Ananthu Ravi
Ananthu Ravi

The document discusses green building materials and their selection criteria. It outlines that green building materials are composed of renewable resources, help conserve energy and water, and improve indoor air quality. Key criteria for selecting materials include resource efficiency, energy efficiency, water conservation, affordability, and indoor air quality. Resource efficient materials are reusable, recycled, naturally available, and have efficient manufacturing processes. Proper selection involves researching materials, evaluating them based on environmental criteria, and selecting highest scoring materials. Indoor air quality is also important and can be improved through low-emission materials and proper ventilation.

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INTRODUCTION Green Building materials Composed of renewable resources Helps in energy conservation Offer greater design flexibility Improved occupant health and productivity. Environmentally responsible Reduced maintenance/replacement costs
SELECTION CRITERIA Resource Efficiency Energy Efficiency Water Conservation Affordability Indoor Air quality
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY Following attributes are considered: o Reused or Recycled content Eg: reclaimed bricks, Recycled GI steel roof o Naturally Available and Plentiful Eg: Certified wood. Woods taken from responsibly managed forests. Basic requirements of credible forest certification programs include:
Protection of biodiversity, species at risk and wildlife habitat; sustainable harvest levels; protection of water quality; and prompt regeneration (e.g., replanting and reforestation). Resource efficient manufacturing process: Products manufactured with resource-efficient processes including reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste (recycled, recyclable and or source reduced product packaging), and reducing greenhouse gases. Eg: Insulated Concrete Locally available: Building materials, components, and systems found locally or regionally saving energy and resources in transportation to the project site.
Durable: Materials that are longer lasting or are comparable to conventional products with long life expectancies.eg: Bricks and stones Water Conservation Eg: Reducing Water Consumption in buildings Conserve water in landscaped area Eg: Xeriscaping is a systematic method of promoting water conservation in landscaped areas Water conserving Products. Eg: Self closing nozzles
THREE BASIC STEPS OF PRODUCT SELECTION Research Evaluation Selection
1. Research. This step involves gathering all technical information to be evaluated, including manufacturers' information such as: Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) test data, product warranties, source material characteristics, recycled content data, environmental statements, and durability information. Also involve researching other environmental issues, building codes, government regulations, building industry articles, model green building product specifications, and other sources of product data. Research helps identify the full range of the projects building material options.
Evaluation. This step involves confirmation of the technical information, as well as filling in information gaps. For example, the evaluator may request product certifications from manufacturers to help sort out possible exaggerated environmental product claims. Evaluation and assessment is relatively simple when comparing similar types of building materials using the environmental criteria. For example, a recycled content assessment between various manufacturers of medium density fiberboard is a relatively straightforward comparison.
A life cycle assessment (LCA) is an evaluation of the relative "greenness" of building materials and products. LCA addresses the impacts of a product through all of its life stages. Although rather simple in principle, this approach has been difficult and expensive in actual practice One tool that uses the LCA methodology is BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) software. It allows users to balance the environmental and economic performance of building products. The software was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Building and Fire Research Laboratory
Criteria for evaluating building materials include the general categories of resources, performance and pollution. The resources required for a material can be consumed in extraction, production, use or disposal. The same is true for pollution. Performance refers to the energy and resources it can save or squander doing its use. For each category of material, performance means something quite different. For example, the performance of insulation must be judged mainly in terms of its thermal resistance, while a floor tile would be evaluated more for its durability.
SELECTION Selection. This step often involves the use of an evaluation matrix for scoring the project-specific environmental criteria. The total score of each product evaluation will indicate the product with the highest environmental attributes. Individual criteria included in the rating system can be weighted to accommodate project-specific goals and objectives. INDOOR AIR QUALITY Refers to air quality within and around buildings affected by gases like CO, radon, VOCs, Particulates, Microbial contaminants like bacteria
DETERMINATION collection of air samples and subjecting it to chromatographic techniques collection of air samples and subjecting it to chromatographic techniques and monitoring human exposure to pollutants collection of samples on building surfaces computer modelling of air flow inside buildings
MATERIAL PROPERTIES THAT ENHANCE INDOOR-AIR QUALITY Low or non-toxic Minimal chemical emission Moisture resistant Systems or equipment Using Low V.O.C varities of Adhesives, Caulks and Finishes enhances indoor air quality Minimize the need for surface coatings
TECHNIQUES Provide thermal comfort with a maximum degree of personal control over temperature and airflow Supply adequate levels of ventilation and outside air for acceptable indoor air quality Prevent airborne bacteria, other fungi, radon, through building envelope design that manages moisture sources from outside and inside the building Use daylighting for ambient lighting wherever feasible. Supplement natural light with integrated, high-performance ballasts, lamps, fixtures, and controls.
Control domestic water temperature to avoid temperature ranges where legionellae grow: keep domestic water temperatures above 140属F (60属C) in tanks and 122属F (50属C) at all taps (faucets and showers). Design cooling tower and building air intake placement so air discharged from the cooling tower or evaporative condenser is not directly brought into the facility's air intake Prohibit smoking in all areas of the building. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) is a known carcinogen.
minimize noise through the use of sound-absorbing materials, high sound transmission loss walls, floors, and ceilings, and equipment sound isolation. Create safe, convenient, and secure storage spaces for housekeeping chemicals Control disturbing odors through contaminant isolation and removal, and by careful selection of cleaning products;
ENVELOPE DESIGN
SOME EXAMPLES OF GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS Pre-cast concrete surfaces with recycled glass Floor mats and mat tiles made from recycled rubber Bamboo flooring, and cork flooring panels with tongue and groove Wall papers made from recycled wood pulp, stone powder, and straw Solar roofings, Green Concrete,Green Adhesives and Green Paints

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Green Building Materials

  • 1. INTRODUCTION Green Building materials Composed of renewable resources Helps in energy conservation Offer greater design flexibility Improved occupant health and productivity. Environmentally responsible Reduced maintenance/replacement costs
  • 2. SELECTION CRITERIA Resource Efficiency Energy Efficiency Water Conservation Affordability Indoor Air quality
  • 3. RESOURCE EFFICIENCY Following attributes are considered: o Reused or Recycled content Eg: reclaimed bricks, Recycled GI steel roof o Naturally Available and Plentiful Eg: Certified wood. Woods taken from responsibly managed forests. Basic requirements of credible forest certification programs include:
  • 4. Protection of biodiversity, species at risk and wildlife habitat; sustainable harvest levels; protection of water quality; and prompt regeneration (e.g., replanting and reforestation). Resource efficient manufacturing process: Products manufactured with resource-efficient processes including reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste (recycled, recyclable and or source reduced product packaging), and reducing greenhouse gases. Eg: Insulated Concrete Locally available: Building materials, components, and systems found locally or regionally saving energy and resources in transportation to the project site.
  • 5. Durable: Materials that are longer lasting or are comparable to conventional products with long life expectancies.eg: Bricks and stones Water Conservation Eg: Reducing Water Consumption in buildings Conserve water in landscaped area Eg: Xeriscaping is a systematic method of promoting water conservation in landscaped areas Water conserving Products. Eg: Self closing nozzles
  • 6. THREE BASIC STEPS OF PRODUCT SELECTION Research Evaluation Selection
  • 7. 1. Research. This step involves gathering all technical information to be evaluated, including manufacturers' information such as: Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) test data, product warranties, source material characteristics, recycled content data, environmental statements, and durability information. Also involve researching other environmental issues, building codes, government regulations, building industry articles, model green building product specifications, and other sources of product data. Research helps identify the full range of the projects building material options.
  • 8. Evaluation. This step involves confirmation of the technical information, as well as filling in information gaps. For example, the evaluator may request product certifications from manufacturers to help sort out possible exaggerated environmental product claims. Evaluation and assessment is relatively simple when comparing similar types of building materials using the environmental criteria. For example, a recycled content assessment between various manufacturers of medium density fiberboard is a relatively straightforward comparison.
  • 9. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is an evaluation of the relative "greenness" of building materials and products. LCA addresses the impacts of a product through all of its life stages. Although rather simple in principle, this approach has been difficult and expensive in actual practice One tool that uses the LCA methodology is BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) software. It allows users to balance the environmental and economic performance of building products. The software was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Building and Fire Research Laboratory
  • 10. Criteria for evaluating building materials include the general categories of resources, performance and pollution. The resources required for a material can be consumed in extraction, production, use or disposal. The same is true for pollution. Performance refers to the energy and resources it can save or squander doing its use. For each category of material, performance means something quite different. For example, the performance of insulation must be judged mainly in terms of its thermal resistance, while a floor tile would be evaluated more for its durability.
  • 11. SELECTION Selection. This step often involves the use of an evaluation matrix for scoring the project-specific environmental criteria. The total score of each product evaluation will indicate the product with the highest environmental attributes. Individual criteria included in the rating system can be weighted to accommodate project-specific goals and objectives. INDOOR AIR QUALITY Refers to air quality within and around buildings affected by gases like CO, radon, VOCs, Particulates, Microbial contaminants like bacteria
  • 12. DETERMINATION collection of air samples and subjecting it to chromatographic techniques collection of air samples and subjecting it to chromatographic techniques and monitoring human exposure to pollutants collection of samples on building surfaces computer modelling of air flow inside buildings
  • 13. MATERIAL PROPERTIES THAT ENHANCE INDOOR-AIR QUALITY Low or non-toxic Minimal chemical emission Moisture resistant Systems or equipment Using Low V.O.C varities of Adhesives, Caulks and Finishes enhances indoor air quality Minimize the need for surface coatings
  • 14. TECHNIQUES Provide thermal comfort with a maximum degree of personal control over temperature and airflow Supply adequate levels of ventilation and outside air for acceptable indoor air quality Prevent airborne bacteria, other fungi, radon, through building envelope design that manages moisture sources from outside and inside the building Use daylighting for ambient lighting wherever feasible. Supplement natural light with integrated, high-performance ballasts, lamps, fixtures, and controls.
  • 15. Control domestic water temperature to avoid temperature ranges where legionellae grow: keep domestic water temperatures above 140属F (60属C) in tanks and 122属F (50属C) at all taps (faucets and showers). Design cooling tower and building air intake placement so air discharged from the cooling tower or evaporative condenser is not directly brought into the facility's air intake Prohibit smoking in all areas of the building. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) is a known carcinogen.
  • 16. minimize noise through the use of sound-absorbing materials, high sound transmission loss walls, floors, and ceilings, and equipment sound isolation. Create safe, convenient, and secure storage spaces for housekeeping chemicals Control disturbing odors through contaminant isolation and removal, and by careful selection of cleaning products;
  • 18. SOME EXAMPLES OF GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS Pre-cast concrete surfaces with recycled glass Floor mats and mat tiles made from recycled rubber Bamboo flooring, and cork flooring panels with tongue and groove Wall papers made from recycled wood pulp, stone powder, and straw Solar roofings, Green Concrete,Green Adhesives and Green Paints