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H¨®a h?c hemoglobin 2015

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LOGO H?A H?C HEMOGLOBIN CN. Tr?nh Th? Ng?c ?i
Tr¨¬nh b¨¤y ???c c?u t?o v¨¤ t¨ªnh ch?t c?a hemoglobin. Tr¨¬nh b¨¤y ???c c¨¢c lo?i hemoglobin ? ng??i. 1 2
? Hemoglobin (Hb) l¨¤ huy?t c?u t?, m?t cromoprotein c¨® m¨¤u ?? ? trong h?ng c?u ??ng v?t b?c cao, g?m m?t protein thu?n GLOBIN v¨¤ c¨¢c nh¨®m ngo?i HEM. ? H?ng c?u c?a ng??i ch?a kho?ng 32% Hb, t??ng ?ng: ? 14 - 18g /dL m¨¢u t¨°an ph?n (nam) ? 12 - 16g /dL m¨¢u t¨°an ph?n (n?)
HEMOGLOBIN GlobinHeme 4 chu?i polypeptid: ? 2 chu?i ? ? 2 chu?i ¦Â Protoporphyrin IX Fe2+
H¨®a h?c hemoglobin 2015
H¨®a h?c hemoglobin 2015
7 HEM GLOBIN Tetrapyrol Fe C?U T?O HEMOGLOBIN
2.1. Hem Pyrol Porphyrin Protoporphyrin IX X 4
Protoporphyrin IX + Fe2+ HEME 2.1. Hem + Fe2+
2.2. Globin 146 aa 141 aa 141 aa 146 aa
S? K?T H?P HEME V? GLOBIN GLOBIN NN E7F8 M? h¨¬nh c?a 1 b¨¢n ??n v? Hb
S? K?T H?P HEME V? GLOBIN
Gan L¨¢ch T?y x??ng T¨²i no?n ho¨¤ng Sinh Sau sinh (tu?n)Tu?i thai(tu?n) % 2.3. M?t s? hemoglobin ? ng??i
2.3. M?t s? hemoglobin ? ng??i Hb A Hb A2 Hb F C?u tr¨²c ?2¦Â2 ?2?2 ?2?2 T? l? ? ng??i tr??ng th¨¤nh 95-97%. 3-4%. 1-2%
3.1. K?t h?p v?i kh¨ª 3.1.1. K?t h?p v?i oxy t?o oxyhemoglobin L¨¤ ph?n ?ng g?n oxy (kh?ng ph?i ph?n ?ng oxy h¨®a) v¨¤ thu?n ngh?ch. Hb + O2 HbO2 ?? th?m ?? t??i
3.1.1. K?t h?p v?i oxy t?o oxyhemoglobin - Chi?u ph?n ?ng x?y ra t¨´y thu?c PO2 ?T?i ph?i, pO2 cao, ph?n ?ng x?y ra theo chi?u thu?n. ?? m?, pO2 th?p, ph?n ?ng x?y ra theo chi?u ngh?ch. ? Ch?c n?ng c?a Hb trong h? h?p. - 1 ph?n t? Hb k?t h?p v¨¤ v?n chuy?n ???c 4 ph?n t? O2.
Ph?n ¨¢p oxy T?nh m?ch ??ng m?ch 3.1.1. K?t h?p v?i oxy t?o oxyhemoglobin
3.1.2. K?t h?p v?i carbon dioxyd (CO2) ? Hb k?t h?p tr?c ti?p v?i CO2: Qua nh¨®m NH2 t? do c?a globin t?o th¨¤nh carbonyl Hb (HbCO2). R-NH2 + CO2 ? R-NH-COOH Chi?u ph?n ?ng x?y ra t¨´y thu?c PCO2 ? ? m? : PCO2 = 46mmHg : ph?n ?ng theo chi?u thu?n. ?? ph?i: PCO2 = 36mmHg : ph?n ?ng theo chi?u ngh?ch.
3.1.2. K?t h?p v?i carbon dioxyd (CO2) ? Hb v?n chuy?n gi¨¢n ti?p CO2: ? CO2 th?m th?u t? c¨¢c m? v¨¤o m¨¢u: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 ? H+ + HCO3 - 2H+ + Hb 2H+Hb ? ??n ph?i: H+ (???c gi?i ph¨®ng) + HCO3 - ? H2CO3. H2CO3 H2O + CO2? CA (carbonic anhydrase) CA
3.1.3. K?t h?p v?i carbon monoxyd (CO). Hb c¨® ¨¢i l?c v?i CO cao g?p 210 l?n so v?i O2. ? CO c¨® th? ??y O2 ra kh?i HbO2 Hb + CO HbCO HbO2 + CO HbCO + O2
H¨®a h?c hemoglobin 2015
3.1.4. Oxy h¨®a hemoglobin t?o th¨¤nh methemoglobin (MetHb). ? MetHb c¨® nguy¨ºn t? Fe2+ c?a Hem b? oxy h¨®a bi?n th¨¤nh Fe3+. ? ? d?ng n¨¤y Hb m?t kh? n?ng g?n oxy n¨ºn kh?ng c¨°n ch?c n?ng v?n chuy?n oxy n?a.
3.1.4. Oxy h¨®a hemoglobin t?o th¨¤nh methemoglobin (MetHb).
3.1.4. Oxy h¨®a hemoglobin t?o th¨¤nh methemoglobin (MetHb).
H¨®a h?c hemoglobin 2015
3.2. T¨ªnh ch?t enzym c?a hemoglobin T¨ªnh ch?t c?a m?t peroxydase: H2O2 + AH2 2H2O + A T¨ªnh ch?t c?a m?t catalase: H2O2 2H2O + O2. Hb Hb
3.3.T¨ªnh ch?t ??m Hemoglobin l¨¤ h? ??m trong m¨¢u quan tr?ng th? hai sau h? ??m bicarbonat.
H¨®a h?c hemoglobin 2015
1613 1514 11109 765 321 12 8 4
Hemoglobin ???c chia l¨¤m 2 ph?n n¨¤o? C?U 1 ??P ?N Hem v¨¤ globin ? S
Chu?i anpha v¨¤ beta c?a hemoglobin c¨® bao nhi¨ºu aa? C?U 2 ??P ?N Chu?i anpha: 141 aa Chu?i beta: 146 aa
Di?p l?c ? th?c v?t c¨® c?u t?o kh¨¢c g¨¬ hemoglobin ? ng??i? C?U 3 ??P ?N Fe ???c thay th? b?ng Magie
Th?c ph?m n¨¤o gi¨¤u protid nh?t? C?U 4 ??P ?N Th?t b¨° (36 protid trong 100g th?t)
M? t? c?u t?o c?a Hem. C?U 5 ??P ?N Hem = Protoporphyrin IX + Fe2+
Lo?i hemoglobin n¨¤o xu?t hi?n s?m nh?t trong b¨¤o thai? C?U 6 ??P ?N Hb Gower I
1 Hemoglobin c¨® bao nhi¨ºu v¨°ng pyrol? C?U 7 ??P ?N 16
? ng??i tr??ng th¨¤nh lo?i hemoglobin n¨¤o chi?m ch? y?u? C?U 8 ??P ?N HbA
? ng??i tr??ng th¨¤nh c? quan n¨¤o t?o m¨¢u ch? y?u c?a c? th?? C?U 9 ??P ?N T?y x??ng
Hemoglobin v?n chuy?n CO2 gi¨¢n ti?p nh? s? c¨® m?t c?a lo?i enzym n¨¤o? C?U 10 ??P ?N CA (carbonic anhydrase)
Hemoglobin c¨® ¨¢i l?c v?i CO cao g?p bao nhi¨ºu l?n so v?i O2? C?U 11 ??P ?N 210 l?n
MetHb l¨¤ g¨¬? C?U 12 ??P ?N MetHb c¨® nguy¨ºn t? Fe2+ c?a Hem b? oxy h¨®a bi?n th¨¤nh Fe3+.
MetHb ?nh h??ng g¨¬ ??n c? th?? C?U 13 ??P ?N MetHb m?t kh? n?ng g?n oxy n¨ºn kh?ng c¨°n ch?c n?ng v?n chuy?n oxy n?a.
Hemoglobin c¨® t¨ªnh ch?t c?a lo?i enzym n¨¤o? C?U 14 ??P ?N Peroxydase v¨¤ Catalase
Hemoglobin c¨® t¨ªnh ch?t k?t h?p ???c v?i nh?ng lo?i kh¨ª n¨¤o? C?U 15 ??P ?N O2, CO2, CO
? tr? s? sinh lo?i hemoglobin n¨¤o chi?m ch? y?u? C?U 16 ??P ?N HbF

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H¨®a h?c hemoglobin 2015

  • 2. Tr¨¬nh b¨¤y ???c c?u t?o v¨¤ t¨ªnh ch?t c?a hemoglobin. Tr¨¬nh b¨¤y ???c c¨¢c lo?i hemoglobin ? ng??i. 1 2
  • 3. ? Hemoglobin (Hb) l¨¤ huy?t c?u t?, m?t cromoprotein c¨® m¨¤u ?? ? trong h?ng c?u ??ng v?t b?c cao, g?m m?t protein thu?n GLOBIN v¨¤ c¨¢c nh¨®m ngo?i HEM. ? H?ng c?u c?a ng??i ch?a kho?ng 32% Hb, t??ng ?ng: ? 14 - 18g /dL m¨¢u t¨°an ph?n (nam) ? 12 - 16g /dL m¨¢u t¨°an ph?n (n?)
  • 4. HEMOGLOBIN GlobinHeme 4 chu?i polypeptid: ? 2 chu?i ? ? 2 chu?i ¦Â Protoporphyrin IX Fe2+
  • 9. Protoporphyrin IX + Fe2+ HEME 2.1. Hem + Fe2+
  • 10. 2.2. Globin 146 aa 141 aa 141 aa 146 aa
  • 11. S? K?T H?P HEME V? GLOBIN GLOBIN NN E7F8 M? h¨¬nh c?a 1 b¨¢n ??n v? Hb
  • 12. S? K?T H?P HEME V? GLOBIN
  • 13. Gan L¨¢ch T?y x??ng T¨²i no?n ho¨¤ng Sinh Sau sinh (tu?n)Tu?i thai(tu?n) % 2.3. M?t s? hemoglobin ? ng??i
  • 14. 2.3. M?t s? hemoglobin ? ng??i Hb A Hb A2 Hb F C?u tr¨²c ?2¦Â2 ?2?2 ?2?2 T? l? ? ng??i tr??ng th¨¤nh 95-97%. 3-4%. 1-2%
  • 15. 3.1. K?t h?p v?i kh¨ª 3.1.1. K?t h?p v?i oxy t?o oxyhemoglobin L¨¤ ph?n ?ng g?n oxy (kh?ng ph?i ph?n ?ng oxy h¨®a) v¨¤ thu?n ngh?ch. Hb + O2 HbO2 ?? th?m ?? t??i
  • 16. 3.1.1. K?t h?p v?i oxy t?o oxyhemoglobin - Chi?u ph?n ?ng x?y ra t¨´y thu?c PO2 ?T?i ph?i, pO2 cao, ph?n ?ng x?y ra theo chi?u thu?n. ?? m?, pO2 th?p, ph?n ?ng x?y ra theo chi?u ngh?ch. ? Ch?c n?ng c?a Hb trong h? h?p. - 1 ph?n t? Hb k?t h?p v¨¤ v?n chuy?n ???c 4 ph?n t? O2.
  • 17. Ph?n ¨¢p oxy T?nh m?ch ??ng m?ch 3.1.1. K?t h?p v?i oxy t?o oxyhemoglobin
  • 18. 3.1.2. K?t h?p v?i carbon dioxyd (CO2) ? Hb k?t h?p tr?c ti?p v?i CO2: Qua nh¨®m NH2 t? do c?a globin t?o th¨¤nh carbonyl Hb (HbCO2). R-NH2 + CO2 ? R-NH-COOH Chi?u ph?n ?ng x?y ra t¨´y thu?c PCO2 ? ? m? : PCO2 = 46mmHg : ph?n ?ng theo chi?u thu?n. ?? ph?i: PCO2 = 36mmHg : ph?n ?ng theo chi?u ngh?ch.
  • 19. 3.1.2. K?t h?p v?i carbon dioxyd (CO2) ? Hb v?n chuy?n gi¨¢n ti?p CO2: ? CO2 th?m th?u t? c¨¢c m? v¨¤o m¨¢u: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 ? H+ + HCO3 - 2H+ + Hb 2H+Hb ? ??n ph?i: H+ (???c gi?i ph¨®ng) + HCO3 - ? H2CO3. H2CO3 H2O + CO2? CA (carbonic anhydrase) CA
  • 20. 3.1.3. K?t h?p v?i carbon monoxyd (CO). Hb c¨® ¨¢i l?c v?i CO cao g?p 210 l?n so v?i O2. ? CO c¨® th? ??y O2 ra kh?i HbO2 Hb + CO HbCO HbO2 + CO HbCO + O2
  • 22. 3.1.4. Oxy h¨®a hemoglobin t?o th¨¤nh methemoglobin (MetHb). ? MetHb c¨® nguy¨ºn t? Fe2+ c?a Hem b? oxy h¨®a bi?n th¨¤nh Fe3+. ? ? d?ng n¨¤y Hb m?t kh? n?ng g?n oxy n¨ºn kh?ng c¨°n ch?c n?ng v?n chuy?n oxy n?a.
  • 23. 3.1.4. Oxy h¨®a hemoglobin t?o th¨¤nh methemoglobin (MetHb).
  • 24. 3.1.4. Oxy h¨®a hemoglobin t?o th¨¤nh methemoglobin (MetHb).
  • 26. 3.2. T¨ªnh ch?t enzym c?a hemoglobin T¨ªnh ch?t c?a m?t peroxydase: H2O2 + AH2 2H2O + A T¨ªnh ch?t c?a m?t catalase: H2O2 2H2O + O2. Hb Hb
  • 27. 3.3.T¨ªnh ch?t ??m Hemoglobin l¨¤ h? ??m trong m¨¢u quan tr?ng th? hai sau h? ??m bicarbonat.
  • 30. Hemoglobin ???c chia l¨¤m 2 ph?n n¨¤o? C?U 1 ??P ?N Hem v¨¤ globin ? S
  • 31. Chu?i anpha v¨¤ beta c?a hemoglobin c¨® bao nhi¨ºu aa? C?U 2 ??P ?N Chu?i anpha: 141 aa Chu?i beta: 146 aa
  • 32. Di?p l?c ? th?c v?t c¨® c?u t?o kh¨¢c g¨¬ hemoglobin ? ng??i? C?U 3 ??P ?N Fe ???c thay th? b?ng Magie
  • 33. Th?c ph?m n¨¤o gi¨¤u protid nh?t? C?U 4 ??P ?N Th?t b¨° (36 protid trong 100g th?t)
  • 34. M? t? c?u t?o c?a Hem. C?U 5 ??P ?N Hem = Protoporphyrin IX + Fe2+
  • 35. Lo?i hemoglobin n¨¤o xu?t hi?n s?m nh?t trong b¨¤o thai? C?U 6 ??P ?N Hb Gower I
  • 36. 1 Hemoglobin c¨® bao nhi¨ºu v¨°ng pyrol? C?U 7 ??P ?N 16
  • 37. ? ng??i tr??ng th¨¤nh lo?i hemoglobin n¨¤o chi?m ch? y?u? C?U 8 ??P ?N HbA
  • 38. ? ng??i tr??ng th¨¤nh c? quan n¨¤o t?o m¨¢u ch? y?u c?a c? th?? C?U 9 ??P ?N T?y x??ng
  • 39. Hemoglobin v?n chuy?n CO2 gi¨¢n ti?p nh? s? c¨® m?t c?a lo?i enzym n¨¤o? C?U 10 ??P ?N CA (carbonic anhydrase)
  • 40. Hemoglobin c¨® ¨¢i l?c v?i CO cao g?p bao nhi¨ºu l?n so v?i O2? C?U 11 ??P ?N 210 l?n
  • 41. MetHb l¨¤ g¨¬? C?U 12 ??P ?N MetHb c¨® nguy¨ºn t? Fe2+ c?a Hem b? oxy h¨®a bi?n th¨¤nh Fe3+.
  • 42. MetHb ?nh h??ng g¨¬ ??n c? th?? C?U 13 ??P ?N MetHb m?t kh? n?ng g?n oxy n¨ºn kh?ng c¨°n ch?c n?ng v?n chuy?n oxy n?a.
  • 43. Hemoglobin c¨® t¨ªnh ch?t c?a lo?i enzym n¨¤o? C?U 14 ??P ?N Peroxydase v¨¤ Catalase
  • 44. Hemoglobin c¨® t¨ªnh ch?t k?t h?p ???c v?i nh?ng lo?i kh¨ª n¨¤o? C?U 15 ??P ?N O2, CO2, CO
  • 45. ? tr? s? sinh lo?i hemoglobin n¨¤o chi?m ch? y?u? C?U 16 ??P ?N HbF

Editor's Notes

  • #12: M?i 1 chu?i polypeptid xo?n v¨¤ cu?n kh¨²c k?t h?p v?i 1 Hem t?o th¨¤nh 1 b¨¢n ??n v? c?a Hb.
  • #13: M?i 1 chu?i polypeptid xo?n v¨¤ cu?n kh¨²c k?t h?p v?i 1 Hem t?o th¨¤nh 1 b¨¢n ??n v? c?a Hb.
  • #19: Hb tham gia v?n chuy?n tr?c ti?p ( 15-20%) v¨¤ gi¨¢n ti?p (70%) t?ng s? CO2 t?o th¨¤nh.
  • #25: Inhale: h¨ªt v¨¤o
  • #26: N??c c? d?n, c? d?n ??, d?a mu?i ch?a ch¨ªn (c¨°n h?ng) hay ?? b? kh¨²¡­ ch?a r?t nhi?u Nitrit, n?u s? d?ng qu¨¢ nhi?u c¨® th? g?y nh?c ??u, n?n ¨®i, ti¨ºu ch?y, thi?u oxy g?y t¨ªm m?i, t¨ªm m?t c¨® th? d?n ??n t? vong ? tr? em. Kh?ng d¨´ng n??c c? d?n ?? pha s?a cho em b¨¦, c? d?n ?? ch? n¨ºn ?n v¨¤i mi?ng m?i b?a v¨¤ m?t-hai l?n/tu?n.? Ph?n ??m b¨®n rau l¨¤ Nitrat, n?u t?n d? trong th?c ph?m c¨® th? nhi?m v¨¤o c? th? khi ?n. Nitrit, Nitrat c?ng th??ng ???c d¨´ng ?? b?o qu?n th?t, c¨¢. Ngu?n n??c gi?ng khai th¨¢c n?ng, g?n h?m ph?n c?ng c¨® th? nhi?m Nitrit.