Hairy root culture
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This document discusses hairy root cell culture. Hairy root culture involves infecting plant explants with the soil bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes, which transfers genes to the plant genome and causes roots to form with increased cell division and elongation, producing "hairy roots". Hairy roots have properties like genotype/phenotype stability, fast growth, and high production of secondary metabolites. The process involves wounding explants, inoculating with A. rhizogenes, inducing hairy roots within 1 week to 1 month, and subculturing in antibiotic media to remove bacteria. Hairy roots can be cultured in various bioreactors and have applications like gene analysis, protein expression, and secondary metabolite production.
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Hairy root cell culture
Hairy root cell cultureANJALI NAIK
油
Hairy root cultures are produced by infecting plant explants or cultures with the soil bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes. This process transfers genes from the bacterium's Ri plasmid that cause the plant cells to proliferate roots resembling hairs. Hairy roots are genetically stable and can grow rapidly without phytohormones. They are used to produce valuable secondary metabolites and study gene functions. Bioreactors are employed to culture hairy roots on a large scale for applications such as producing medical compounds.Production of secondary metabolites
Production of secondary metabolitesShivam Sharma
油
This document discusses secondary metabolites produced by plants. It notes that nearly 70-80% of the world's population relies on herbal medicines. Secondary metabolites are phytochemicals not directly involved in plant metabolism and include pharmaceuticals, flavors, fragrances and more. Producing these compounds through plant cell cultures allows control over production conditions and quality. Key advantages of this method include production according to market demands, independence from environmental factors, consistent quality, ease of product recovery, and ability to produce novel compounds. The document outlines various strategies for optimizing secondary metabolite production in plant cell cultures, including selection of high-yielding cell lines, culture conditions, addition of precursors, use of elicitors, biotransformation, and downstreamProtoplast isolation,culture & fusion
Protoplast isolation,culture & fusionAnishaMukherjee5
油
The isolation, culture and fusion of protoplasts is a fascinating field in plant research. Protoplast isolation and their cultures provide millions of single cells (comparable to microbial cells) for a variety of studies. Media composition and preparation
Media composition and preparationSandhyaUpadhyay9
油
The document discusses plant tissue culture media. It describes media as a substance that supports and provides energy and nutrients for developing plant explants. The main types of media are solid and liquid, and their composition varies depending on the explant species. Common media include Murashige and Skoog, White's Medium, Gamborg Medium, and Nitsch's Medium. Media contains inorganic supplements like macronutrients and micronutrients as well as organic supplements such as vitamins, amino acids, and energy sources. Other constituents include growth regulators, solidifying agents, and pH buffers. Media is prepared by making stock solutions of dry and wet ingredients, adding a gelling agent, and sterilizing the final mixture.Hairy root culture 
Hairy root culture Dr Suresh Solleti
油
Hairy root culture is a plant cell culture technique that uses the soil bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes to genetically transform plant cells. When plant tissues are infected by A. rhizogenes, its root-inducing plasmid integrates into the plant genome and causes unchecked root growth. These transformed roots, known as hairy roots, can be cultured in vitro and have several advantages over traditional plant cell cultures, including fast growth rates, genetic stability, and high production of secondary metabolites. Hairy root cultures are characterized by extensive branching, root hairs, absence of geotropism, and not requiring plant growth regulators. They have been used to produce valuable compounds and whole plants through regeneration.Establishment and maintenance of callus and suspension culture.pptx
Establishment and maintenance of callus and suspension culture.pptxSujata Koundal
油
This document discusses callus and suspension cultures. Callus cultures involve growing loose aggregates of parenchyma cells on a solid nutrient medium. Suspension cultures grow tissues and cells in liquid medium with constant agitation. Batch cultures use a limited supply of nutrients until they are depleted, while continuous cultures maintain a steady state by draining out used medium and adding fresh medium. Both callus and suspension cultures need to be sub-cultured regularly to maintain healthy growth.Protoplast fusion
Protoplast fusionneetunand118
油
Protoplast fusion involves removing the cell walls of plant cells through enzymatic or mechanical means to create naked protoplasts. These protoplasts can then be fused using chemicals, electricity, or other methods. This allows the cytoplasms and sometimes nuclei of different plant cells to merge, creating hybrid cells. Successful fusion can generate hybrid plants through regeneration of cell walls and tissues. Protoplast fusion overcomes sexual incompatibility and is used to introduce traits like disease resistance between species. It remains a technically challenging process with limitations like genetic instability and uncertain expression of transferred traits.Production of secondary metabolite
Production of secondary metaboliteAbhishek Indurkar
油
The presentation gives overview of production of secondary metabolites using callus culture as well as tissue culture techniques. Various batch and continuous culturing process are described on the basis of secondary metabolite to be synthesised.plant tissue culture medium 
plant tissue culture medium KAUSHAL SAHU
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INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY
3. BASIC COMPONENT OF MEDIA
1. Inorganic nutrient
2. organic supplements
3. Carbon and energy source
4. Growth Regulators
5. Solidifying Agent
6. PH
4. TYPES OF MEDIA
5. MS MEDIA
6. IMPORTANCE
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERANCE
Callus culture - Plant Tissue Culture
Callus culture - Plant Tissue CultureA Biodiction : A Unit of Dr. Divya Sharma
油
1. Callus culture involves growing undifferentiated plant cells and tissues on a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. This allows for the production of genetically identical clones without seeds or pollination.
2. A callus is an unorganized mass of cells formed from injured or cultured plant tissue. Successful callus culture requires selecting an explant, preparing sterile culture media, and regulating hormone levels to induce cell proliferation.
3. Callus cultures are maintained through periodic sub-culturing to replenish nutrients and prevent toxicity. The growth and characteristics of callus tissue can provide insights into plant cell metabolism, differentiation, and pathways for genetic engineering applications.Somatic embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesisGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong, Government of Sikkim
油
Somatic embryogenesis is the process where embryos form from sporophytic cells in vitro rather than from a zygote. There are different types of embryos including zygotic, formed from fertilized eggs, and somatic embryos which form directly from other plant tissues and organs in culture. The correct developmental stage of the explant tissue is crucial for initiation of embryogenic callus formation in somatic embryogenesis, with young or juvenile explants producing more embryos than older explants.1.plant tissue culture history
1.plant tissue culture historyShivam Sharma
油
Cell and tissue culture refers to growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or plant parts in a sterile nutrient medium in vitro. Haberlandt is considered the father of plant tissue culture, realizing in 1898 that aseptic techniques were necessary for growing single plant cells on nutrient solutions. Despite early failures, Haberlandt proposed that plant cells are totipotent, or able to express the phenotype of the whole plant. Over the 20th century, scientists made many advances in plant tissue culture including the discovery of growth regulators like auxins and kinetin, techniques like micrografting and protoplast culture, and applications such as producing the first haploid plant through anther culture.Plant tissue culture medium
Plant tissue culture mediumRinkesh Joshi
油
The document discusses the essential components of plant tissue culture media, including macro and micro nutrients, organic nutrients like vitamins and carbohydrates, and plant growth regulators. It explains that the success of tissue culture depends on using the right type of culture media, which must contain nutrients, carbon sources, and other components to support in vitro plant growth. The various roles and forms of important media components like nitrogen, calcium, iron, and cytokinins are also outlined.Strategies to enhance production of secondary metabolites
Strategies to enhance production of secondary metabolitesPrashant Singam
油
1. Strategies to enhance production of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures include selecting high-productivity cell lines, using elicitors to boost productivity over short periods, and immobilizing cells to improve yields of extracellular metabolites.
2. Elicitors are compounds that induce plant cells to produce more secondary metabolites in response to stress and include fungal or bacterial extracts, polysaccharides, and physical/chemical agents like UV radiation or heavy metals.
3. Immobilizing plant cells by entrapping them in matrices like alginate or polyacrylamide anchors the cells while allowing continuous production and release of metabolites into the medium.APPLICATIONS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE SMG
APPLICATIONS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE SMGsajigeorge64
油
A brief account of Applications of Plant tissue culture - Micropropagation, Meristem culture, Synthetic seeds, Embryo culture, In vitro mutagenesis, In vitro production of secondary metabolitesMicropropagation 
Micropropagation Dr Suresh Solleti
油
Micropropagation is the process of rapidly multiplying stock plant materials using modern tissue culture methods. It involves 5 main stages: selection of stock plants, initiation and establishment of culture, multiplication of shoots, rooting of shoots, and establishment of plantlets. The two main approaches are multiplication through axillary buds/apical shoots and adventitious shoots. Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis are also used, where organs or embryos are formed directly or indirectly from explants. Micropropagation is useful for cloning noble plants and providing sufficient plantlets from stock plants that do not produce many seeds or vegetatively propagate well.Production of-secondary-metabolites
Production of-secondary-metabolitesBahauddin Zakariya University lahore
油
Plant tissue culture is used to produce valuable secondary metabolites. There are three main methods: cell suspension cultures, hairy root cultures, and immobilized cell cultures. Cell suspension cultures are the most common. They involve transferring plant cells or callus to liquid medium to grow as a suspension. Medium components, regulators, precursors, elicitors, and environmental factors can be manipulated to enhance metabolite production. Hairy root cultures use plant cells transformed by bacteria to produce root-like structures that also synthesize metabolites. Immobilized cell cultures entrap or affix cells to allow contact while protecting from shear stress. Each method aims to produce metabolites through optimized bioprocessing conditions at large scales.Hairy root culture, multiple shoot culture ,
Hairy root culture, multiple shoot culture ,Jamia Hamdard New Delhi
油
Definition of hairy root culture ,multiple shoot culture ,Production of hairy root and multiple shoot , advantages an disadvantages of hairy root and multiple shoot culture, Sterilization and sterilizing agents wit concentration and exposure timeArtificial seed
Artificial seedGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong, Government of Sikkim
油
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL SEED..?
Artificial seed can be defined as artificial encapsulation of somatic embryos, shoot bud or aggregates of cell of any tissues which has the ability to form a plant in in-vitro or ex-vivo condition.
Artificial seed have also been often referred to as synthetic seed.
HISTORY
Artificial seeds were first introduced in 1970s as a novel analogue to the plant seeds.
The production of artificial seeds is useful for plants which do not produce viable seeds. It represents a method to propagate these plants.
Artificial seeds are small sized and these provides further advantages in storage, handling and shipping.
The term, EMBLING is used for the plants originated from synthetic seed.
The use of synthetic varieties for commercial cultivation was first suggested in Maize (Hays & Garber, 1919).
Secondary metabolites
Secondary metabolitesJayasankar Agri
油
This document discusses several types of secondary plant metabolites including phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and others. Phenolics are derived from the shikimate pathway and include classes like phenols, hydroxybenzoates, flavonoids, and lignins. Terpenoids are made from the acetate-mevalonate pathway and include mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes. Alkaloids contain nitrogen and can be toxic or used medicinally as in morphine, quinine, and caffeine. Secondary metabolites provide benefits to plants such as protection from predators and pathogens, attracting pollinators, and some have pharmaceutical applications.Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciensPradeep Singh Narwat
油
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil bacterium that causes crown gall disease in plants. It does this by transferring a segment of its tumor-inducing plasmid (Ti plasmid) called T-DNA into the plant's DNA. The T-DNA contains genes that cause uncontrolled cell growth. Researchers developed techniques using the Ti plasmid and Agrobacterium to genetically transform plants by replacing the tumor-causing genes with desired genes. This involves either a binary vector system with the T-DNA on a separate small plasmid, or co-integration of a new plasmid containing the gene of interest into the Ti plasmid. Transformed plants can be regenerated from infected plant cells or tissues.Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciensRajpal Choudhary
油
Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease in plants by transferring oncogenic T-DNA from its Ti plasmid into the plant genome. The Ti plasmid contains three key regions - the T-DNA region containing tumor-inducing genes, the virulence region containing genes necessary for T-DNA transfer, and the opine synthesis region. In response to wound signals like acetosyringone released by injured plants, the virulence genes are activated and produce proteins that nick and transfer the single-stranded T-DNA into the plant cell, where it integrates randomly into the plant genome and expresses tumor-inducing genes causing uncontrolled growth.Gene transfer in plants
Gene transfer in plantsVarshaSrivastav
油
Gene Transfer and its applications; Plant tissue culture and its application for production of secondary metabolitesgynogenesis
gynogenesissijiskariah
油
This document discusses methods for producing haploid plants through gynogenesis, or haploid production from female gametes. It describes two main methods - ovary culture and ovule culture - for inducing gynogenesis in vitro. Key steps include excising ovaries from plants and culturing them on nutrient media supplemented with hormones to induce parthenogenesis. Successful gynogenesis has been achieved in several plant families, with the frequency of responsive ovules typically being low, around 1-5%. Producing haploid plants provides benefits for genetic studies.Ptc.,,Sterilization techniques used in Plant Tissue Culture ,MEDIA,PREPARATION 
Ptc.,,Sterilization techniques used in Plant Tissue Culture ,MEDIA,PREPARATION Dr. sreeremya S
油
Technique Materials sterilized
Steam sterilization/Autoclaving
(121属C at 15 psi for 20-40 min) Nutrient media, culture vesels, glasswares and plasticwares
Dry heat (160-180属C for 3h) Instruments (scalpel, forceps, needles etc.), glassware, pipettes, tips and other plasticwares
Flame sterilization Instruments (scalpel, forceps, needles etc.), mouth of culture vessel
Filter sterilization (membrane filter
made of cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate of 0.45- 0.22亮m pore size) Thermolabile substances like growth factors, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes.
Alcohol sterilization Workers hands, laminar flow cabinet
Surface sterilization (Sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, mercuric chloride etc) ExplantsCell suspension culture
Cell suspension cultureGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong, Government of Sikkim
油
Cell suspension culture involves growing single plant cells or small cell aggregates in agitated liquid medium. It allows studying cellular events during growth and development without the limitations of callus culture. An ideal suspension culture consists of only uniformly growing single cells. It is established by transferring friable callus pieces to agitated medium, then filtering and subculturing the dispersed cells. Suspension culture offers insights into cell physiology and is useful for cloning, secondary metabolite production, and mutagenesis studies. While it addresses issues with callus culture, cell suspension cultures can have decreasing productivity over time and slow growth.Plant Tissue Culture - Organogenesis 
Plant Tissue Culture - Organogenesis A Biodiction : A Unit of Dr. Divya Sharma
油
The document discusses organogenesis, which is the development of adventitious organs or primordial from undifferentiated plant cell mass through differentiation. It describes the process, including dedifferentiation and redifferentiation stages. There are two types of organogenesis - direct organogenesis which does not involve callus formation, and indirect organogenesis which involves callus formation. Organogenesis is used in plant tissue culture to regenerate plants through shoot or root cultures and is influenced by factors like explant source and size, plant growth regulators, and culture conditions. It has commercial applications in micropropagation of plants.Callus culture ppt
Callus culture pptmanojsiddartha bolthajira
油
Callus is an unorganized mass of undifferentiated cells that can be cultured in vitro. It is produced when plant explants are cultured on medium containing auxin and cytokinin hormones under sterile conditions. Callus tissue lacks differentiation and is unable to perform photosynthesis. It can be maintained indefinitely and used for plant regeneration through processes like organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Successful callus culture requires aseptic preparation of explants, a nutrient medium with proper hormone balance, and controlled physical conditions for incubation.Secondary metabolites (1)
Secondary metabolites (1)PRIYA KUMARI
油
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by plant metabolism that are not essential for growth or reproduction but provide other benefits. They often function in plant defense against herbivores and pathogens. There are several types of plant tissue cultures used to study secondary metabolism, including organized cultures of tissues, disorganized callus cultures, hairy root cultures, and immobilized cell cultures where cells are confined within a matrix.Tissue culture techniques in plant protection
Tissue culture techniques in plant protectionJayantyadav94
油
Tissue culture is used to produce plants through biotechnology. Key points:
- Explant tissue is cultured on nutrient media and hormones induce callus growth.
- Plants can be regenerated from single cells through tissue culture techniques.
- Transgenic plants are produced by transferring foreign genes into plant cells using Agrobacterium or direct methods. Genetically engineered plants help with crop improvement traits.
- While tissue culture and genetic engineering offer benefits, there are also risks like unintended gene transfer and loss of crop diversity that require careful risk assessment.More Related Content
What's hot (20)
plant tissue culture medium
plant tissue culture medium KAUSHAL SAHU
油
INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY
3. BASIC COMPONENT OF MEDIA
1. Inorganic nutrient
2. organic supplements
3. Carbon and energy source
4. Growth Regulators
5. Solidifying Agent
6. PH
4. TYPES OF MEDIA
5. MS MEDIA
6. IMPORTANCE
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERANCE
Callus culture - Plant Tissue Culture
Callus culture - Plant Tissue CultureA Biodiction : A Unit of Dr. Divya Sharma
油
1. Callus culture involves growing undifferentiated plant cells and tissues on a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. This allows for the production of genetically identical clones without seeds or pollination.
2. A callus is an unorganized mass of cells formed from injured or cultured plant tissue. Successful callus culture requires selecting an explant, preparing sterile culture media, and regulating hormone levels to induce cell proliferation.
3. Callus cultures are maintained through periodic sub-culturing to replenish nutrients and prevent toxicity. The growth and characteristics of callus tissue can provide insights into plant cell metabolism, differentiation, and pathways for genetic engineering applications.Somatic embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesisGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong, Government of Sikkim
油
Somatic embryogenesis is the process where embryos form from sporophytic cells in vitro rather than from a zygote. There are different types of embryos including zygotic, formed from fertilized eggs, and somatic embryos which form directly from other plant tissues and organs in culture. The correct developmental stage of the explant tissue is crucial for initiation of embryogenic callus formation in somatic embryogenesis, with young or juvenile explants producing more embryos than older explants.1.plant tissue culture history
1.plant tissue culture historyShivam Sharma
油
Cell and tissue culture refers to growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or plant parts in a sterile nutrient medium in vitro. Haberlandt is considered the father of plant tissue culture, realizing in 1898 that aseptic techniques were necessary for growing single plant cells on nutrient solutions. Despite early failures, Haberlandt proposed that plant cells are totipotent, or able to express the phenotype of the whole plant. Over the 20th century, scientists made many advances in plant tissue culture including the discovery of growth regulators like auxins and kinetin, techniques like micrografting and protoplast culture, and applications such as producing the first haploid plant through anther culture.Plant tissue culture medium
Plant tissue culture mediumRinkesh Joshi
油
The document discusses the essential components of plant tissue culture media, including macro and micro nutrients, organic nutrients like vitamins and carbohydrates, and plant growth regulators. It explains that the success of tissue culture depends on using the right type of culture media, which must contain nutrients, carbon sources, and other components to support in vitro plant growth. The various roles and forms of important media components like nitrogen, calcium, iron, and cytokinins are also outlined.Strategies to enhance production of secondary metabolites
Strategies to enhance production of secondary metabolitesPrashant Singam
油
1. Strategies to enhance production of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures include selecting high-productivity cell lines, using elicitors to boost productivity over short periods, and immobilizing cells to improve yields of extracellular metabolites.
2. Elicitors are compounds that induce plant cells to produce more secondary metabolites in response to stress and include fungal or bacterial extracts, polysaccharides, and physical/chemical agents like UV radiation or heavy metals.
3. Immobilizing plant cells by entrapping them in matrices like alginate or polyacrylamide anchors the cells while allowing continuous production and release of metabolites into the medium.APPLICATIONS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE SMG
APPLICATIONS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE SMGsajigeorge64
油
A brief account of Applications of Plant tissue culture - Micropropagation, Meristem culture, Synthetic seeds, Embryo culture, In vitro mutagenesis, In vitro production of secondary metabolitesMicropropagation
Micropropagation Dr Suresh Solleti
油
Micropropagation is the process of rapidly multiplying stock plant materials using modern tissue culture methods. It involves 5 main stages: selection of stock plants, initiation and establishment of culture, multiplication of shoots, rooting of shoots, and establishment of plantlets. The two main approaches are multiplication through axillary buds/apical shoots and adventitious shoots. Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis are also used, where organs or embryos are formed directly or indirectly from explants. Micropropagation is useful for cloning noble plants and providing sufficient plantlets from stock plants that do not produce many seeds or vegetatively propagate well.Production of-secondary-metabolites
Production of-secondary-metabolitesBahauddin Zakariya University lahore
油
Plant tissue culture is used to produce valuable secondary metabolites. There are three main methods: cell suspension cultures, hairy root cultures, and immobilized cell cultures. Cell suspension cultures are the most common. They involve transferring plant cells or callus to liquid medium to grow as a suspension. Medium components, regulators, precursors, elicitors, and environmental factors can be manipulated to enhance metabolite production. Hairy root cultures use plant cells transformed by bacteria to produce root-like structures that also synthesize metabolites. Immobilized cell cultures entrap or affix cells to allow contact while protecting from shear stress. Each method aims to produce metabolites through optimized bioprocessing conditions at large scales.Hairy root culture, multiple shoot culture ,
Hairy root culture, multiple shoot culture ,Jamia Hamdard New Delhi
油
Definition of hairy root culture ,multiple shoot culture ,Production of hairy root and multiple shoot , advantages an disadvantages of hairy root and multiple shoot culture, Sterilization and sterilizing agents wit concentration and exposure timeArtificial seed
Artificial seedGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong, Government of Sikkim
油
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL SEED..?
Artificial seed can be defined as artificial encapsulation of somatic embryos, shoot bud or aggregates of cell of any tissues which has the ability to form a plant in in-vitro or ex-vivo condition.
Artificial seed have also been often referred to as synthetic seed.
HISTORY
Artificial seeds were first introduced in 1970s as a novel analogue to the plant seeds.
The production of artificial seeds is useful for plants which do not produce viable seeds. It represents a method to propagate these plants.
Artificial seeds are small sized and these provides further advantages in storage, handling and shipping.
The term, EMBLING is used for the plants originated from synthetic seed.
The use of synthetic varieties for commercial cultivation was first suggested in Maize (Hays & Garber, 1919).
Secondary metabolites
Secondary metabolitesJayasankar Agri
油
This document discusses several types of secondary plant metabolites including phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and others. Phenolics are derived from the shikimate pathway and include classes like phenols, hydroxybenzoates, flavonoids, and lignins. Terpenoids are made from the acetate-mevalonate pathway and include mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes. Alkaloids contain nitrogen and can be toxic or used medicinally as in morphine, quinine, and caffeine. Secondary metabolites provide benefits to plants such as protection from predators and pathogens, attracting pollinators, and some have pharmaceutical applications.Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciensPradeep Singh Narwat
油
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil bacterium that causes crown gall disease in plants. It does this by transferring a segment of its tumor-inducing plasmid (Ti plasmid) called T-DNA into the plant's DNA. The T-DNA contains genes that cause uncontrolled cell growth. Researchers developed techniques using the Ti plasmid and Agrobacterium to genetically transform plants by replacing the tumor-causing genes with desired genes. This involves either a binary vector system with the T-DNA on a separate small plasmid, or co-integration of a new plasmid containing the gene of interest into the Ti plasmid. Transformed plants can be regenerated from infected plant cells or tissues.Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciensRajpal Choudhary
油
Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease in plants by transferring oncogenic T-DNA from its Ti plasmid into the plant genome. The Ti plasmid contains three key regions - the T-DNA region containing tumor-inducing genes, the virulence region containing genes necessary for T-DNA transfer, and the opine synthesis region. In response to wound signals like acetosyringone released by injured plants, the virulence genes are activated and produce proteins that nick and transfer the single-stranded T-DNA into the plant cell, where it integrates randomly into the plant genome and expresses tumor-inducing genes causing uncontrolled growth.Gene transfer in plants
Gene transfer in plantsVarshaSrivastav
油
Gene Transfer and its applications; Plant tissue culture and its application for production of secondary metabolitesgynogenesis
gynogenesissijiskariah
油
This document discusses methods for producing haploid plants through gynogenesis, or haploid production from female gametes. It describes two main methods - ovary culture and ovule culture - for inducing gynogenesis in vitro. Key steps include excising ovaries from plants and culturing them on nutrient media supplemented with hormones to induce parthenogenesis. Successful gynogenesis has been achieved in several plant families, with the frequency of responsive ovules typically being low, around 1-5%. Producing haploid plants provides benefits for genetic studies.Ptc.,,Sterilization techniques used in Plant Tissue Culture ,MEDIA,PREPARATION
Ptc.,,Sterilization techniques used in Plant Tissue Culture ,MEDIA,PREPARATION Dr. sreeremya S
油
Technique Materials sterilized
Steam sterilization/Autoclaving
(121属C at 15 psi for 20-40 min) Nutrient media, culture vesels, glasswares and plasticwares
Dry heat (160-180属C for 3h) Instruments (scalpel, forceps, needles etc.), glassware, pipettes, tips and other plasticwares
Flame sterilization Instruments (scalpel, forceps, needles etc.), mouth of culture vessel
Filter sterilization (membrane filter
made of cellulose nitrate or cellulose acetate of 0.45- 0.22亮m pore size) Thermolabile substances like growth factors, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes.
Alcohol sterilization Workers hands, laminar flow cabinet
Surface sterilization (Sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, mercuric chloride etc) ExplantsCell suspension culture
Cell suspension cultureGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong, Government of Sikkim
油
Cell suspension culture involves growing single plant cells or small cell aggregates in agitated liquid medium. It allows studying cellular events during growth and development without the limitations of callus culture. An ideal suspension culture consists of only uniformly growing single cells. It is established by transferring friable callus pieces to agitated medium, then filtering and subculturing the dispersed cells. Suspension culture offers insights into cell physiology and is useful for cloning, secondary metabolite production, and mutagenesis studies. While it addresses issues with callus culture, cell suspension cultures can have decreasing productivity over time and slow growth.Plant Tissue Culture - Organogenesis
Plant Tissue Culture - Organogenesis A Biodiction : A Unit of Dr. Divya Sharma
油
The document discusses organogenesis, which is the development of adventitious organs or primordial from undifferentiated plant cell mass through differentiation. It describes the process, including dedifferentiation and redifferentiation stages. There are two types of organogenesis - direct organogenesis which does not involve callus formation, and indirect organogenesis which involves callus formation. Organogenesis is used in plant tissue culture to regenerate plants through shoot or root cultures and is influenced by factors like explant source and size, plant growth regulators, and culture conditions. It has commercial applications in micropropagation of plants.Callus culture ppt
Callus culture pptmanojsiddartha bolthajira
油
Callus is an unorganized mass of undifferentiated cells that can be cultured in vitro. It is produced when plant explants are cultured on medium containing auxin and cytokinin hormones under sterile conditions. Callus tissue lacks differentiation and is unable to perform photosynthesis. It can be maintained indefinitely and used for plant regeneration through processes like organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Successful callus culture requires aseptic preparation of explants, a nutrient medium with proper hormone balance, and controlled physical conditions for incubation.Similar to Hairy root culture (20)
Secondary metabolites (1)
Secondary metabolites (1)PRIYA KUMARI
油
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by plant metabolism that are not essential for growth or reproduction but provide other benefits. They often function in plant defense against herbivores and pathogens. There are several types of plant tissue cultures used to study secondary metabolism, including organized cultures of tissues, disorganized callus cultures, hairy root cultures, and immobilized cell cultures where cells are confined within a matrix.Tissue culture techniques in plant protection
Tissue culture techniques in plant protectionJayantyadav94
油
Tissue culture is used to produce plants through biotechnology. Key points:
- Explant tissue is cultured on nutrient media and hormones induce callus growth.
- Plants can be regenerated from single cells through tissue culture techniques.
- Transgenic plants are produced by transferring foreign genes into plant cells using Agrobacterium or direct methods. Genetically engineered plants help with crop improvement traits.
- While tissue culture and genetic engineering offer benefits, there are also risks like unintended gene transfer and loss of crop diversity that require careful risk assessment.HAIRY ROOT INDUCTION
HAIRY ROOT INDUCTIONAminuBELLO3
油
This document provides an introduction to hairy root induction using Agrobacterium rhizogenes bacteria. It discusses how A. rhizogenes is able to transfer DNA to plant cells to produce hairy roots with unique properties. The document outlines the process of hairy root induction, including using the proper bacterial strain, explant material, antibiotics, and culture medium. It also discusses some advantages and potential problems of using hairy root cultures, such as genetic stability and secondary metabolite production but also possible morphological alterations.Establishment of hairy root culture with genetic transformation
Establishment of hairy root culture with genetic transformationKartikey Singh
油
This project aims to produce high-value secondary metabolites through hairy root cultures of medicinal plants. Hairy roots are produced by infecting plant explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, which transfers T-DNA to the plant genome and induces root proliferation. The project will select an appropriate plant species, perform micropropagation to obtain infection-free samples, induce hairy root culture through genetic transformation, analyze and optimize secondary metabolite production under different chemical factors. The main goal is to synthesize pharmaceuticals and food additives through this sustainable biotechnological method.transgenic breeding
transgenic breedingChanda Kumari
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This document discusses transgenic plants and provides several examples. It begins by defining a transgenic as a genotype developed through genetic engineering containing a foreign or modified gene. Several successful commercial transgenic crops are mentioned, including Bt cotton, golden rice, and Flavr Savr tomato. The document then covers the process of creating transgenic plants including identifying genes of interest, cloning genes, transforming plant cells, and backcross breeding. Methods of gene transfer like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment are described. The document concludes by outlining the development and objectives of first and second generation transgenic crops.Plant Tissue Culture, Methods and Applications
Plant Tissue Culture, Methods and ApplicationsNorth West University Mafikeng South Africa
油
Introduction to tissue culture, culture types, micropropagation benefits and disadvantages, cryopreservation utilization of plant tissue culture, Ojuederie's college seminar
Ojuederie's college seminarNorth West University Mafikeng South Africa
油
This document provides an overview of plant tissue culture methods and applications. It discusses the basic concepts of plant tissue culture, including plasticity and totipotency. The stages of micropropagation are outlined as initiation, multiplication, rooting, and transfer to soil. Micropropagation involves regeneration and multiplication of plants from explants like axillary buds and shoot tips. The document also discusses meristem culture, shoot tip culture, growth media, factors affecting tissue culture, applications like disease elimination and germplasm conservation, somaclonal variation, and cryopreservation.Applications of-plant-tissue-culture
Applications of-plant-tissue-cultureDr. Harish Kakrani
油
This document describes various plant tissue culture techniques and their applications in plant improvement. It lists techniques such as seed culture, embryo culture, ovary or ovule culture, anther and microspore culture, and in vitro pollination. For each technique, it provides examples of applications such as producing haploid plants, overcoming embryo abortion, and genetic transformation. The document serves as a comprehensive reference of how different plant tissue culture techniques can be utilized.Genetic engineering & transgenic breeding
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- 1. Hairy Root Cell Culture Presented by Abu Raihan M.Tech, 1st year,Biotechnology
- 2. Culture Types Callus Culture Cell Suspension Culture Protoplast Culture Hairy Root Culture
- 3. Hairy Root Culture Definition: It is the culture produced after the infection of explants and cultures by the gram negetive Soil bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes. This processes take advantage of the naturally occuring hairy root disease in Dicotyledons.
- 4. Properties of hairy roots Genotype and phenotype stability Autotrophy in plant hormones Fast growth High levels of secondary metabolite production
- 5. Production of hairy root in plant cell Agrobacterium recognizes some signal molecules exuded by wonded plant cells and becomes attached to it. The bacteria contain the Root inducing plasmid ( Ri-plasmid). The bacteria Genetically trasfer part of the Ri-plasmid called the trasfer DNA (T-DNA) to the plant genome.
- 6. Production of hairy root in plant cell The plant cell to proliferate by increasing the rate of cell division ( cytokine expression ) and cell elongation (auxin expression) to produce the hairy roots. Produce the opines which is a type of unusual amino acids ( octopine, agropine, nopaline, mannopine amd cucumopine) which is used by the bacterium as a carbon , nitrogen and energy source.
- 7. The Process
- 8. Ri-plasmid
- 9. Induction of hairy root cultures In Vitro Explants are wounded and then inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Usually two or three days later, the explant can be transferred into solid media with antibiotics, such as cefotaxime , vancomycine or ampicillin to kill or eliminate redundant bacteria. The hairy roots will be induced within a short period of time, which varies from one week to over a month depending on different plant species. The decontaminated hairy roots can be subcultured on phytohormone free medium.
- 10. Bioreactors for hairy root cultures Stirred tank bioreactor Air lift bioreactor Bubble column bioreactor Turbine blade bioreactor Trickle bed bioreactor Rotating drum bioreactor Spin filter bioreactor
- 11. Bubble column with hairy root culture picture
- 12. Agar plate with hair root picture
- 13. Hairy root cell culture picture
- 14. Advantages of hairy root cultures The hairy root system is genetically and biosynthetically stable. High production of secondary metabolites The culture can grow under phyto-hormone- free conditions. The culture shows fast growth which reduces the culture time and easy the handling.
- 15. Application of Hairy Root Cultures Functional analysis of genes. Expression foreign proteins. Production of secondary metabolites. The culture may produce compounds which is not found untransformed roots. The culture may change the composition of metabolites. The culture can be used to regenerate a whole plant.
- 16. Thanks