Harvesting and threshing equipment
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Harvesting involves cutting crops from the ground or removing fruits from plants using tools like sickles or machines. It can be done manually, with animal-drawn machines, or mechanically powered machines. Sickles are basic harvesting tools with a metal blade and wooden handle that come in plain or serrated varieties. Reapers are machines that cut grain crops and are often animal-drawn, having frames, cutter bars, shoes, and bearings. Proper maintenance of bearings, sharpening knife bars, and checking nuts/bolts is important.
Harvesting and threshing equipment
- 2. Harvesting: It is the operation of cutting, picking, plucking digging or a combination of these operations for removing the crop from under the ground of above the ground of removing the useful part or fruits from plants. Harvesting action can be done by four ways, Slicing action with a sharp tool. Tearing action with a rough serrated edge. High velocity single element impact with sharp of dull edge. Two elements scissors type action.
- 3. Harvesting can be done by, Manually operated tool Animal drawn machine Mechanically operated machine
- 7. There are a few related terms in connection with harvesting are, 1.Mower: 2.Reaper 3.Reaper binder 4.Swath 5.Sickle 6.Windrow 7.Windrower
- 8. Sickle is a simple harvesting tool. It is used for harvesting crops and cutting other vegetations. It essentially consists of a metallic blade and a wooden handle. SickleS are claSSified into two claSSeS, i) Plain ii) Serrated
- 10. Reaper is a machine to cut grain crops. Animal drawn reaper is getting popular gradually in the country. It is pulled by a pair of animals. It can harvest nearly 5 to 8 cm above the ground. Frame is usually made of mild steel sections. The cutter bar knife is made of high carbon steel. The shoes are usually made of malleable casting. Ball bearings are used for efficient and durable working.
- 11. Care and Maintenance 1. Wheel hub bearings, flywheel shaft bearings and pitman bearings should be well lubricated. 2. Knife bar should be sharpened at regular interval. It is desirable to sharp the knife after about 30 working hours. 3. All the nuts bolts should be checked before taking the machine to the field.
- 12. 1. It is used for harvesting of paddy & wheat. 2. The reaper is mounted on the power tiller. 3. The crop is conveyed to the side by the conveyer belt. 4. The capacity may be 0.25-0.35ha/hr. 1. It is used for harvesting of paddy& wheat. 2. The reaper is mounted at the tractor which can be lowered & raised by the hydraulic control. 3. The crop is conveyed to the side by the conveyer belt. 4. Its capacity may be 0.4-0.6ha/hr.
- 13. It is a machine to cut herbage crops and leave them in swath. There are different types of mower used in different ways such as, Cylinder Mower. Reciprocating Mower Horizontal Rotary Mower: Gang Mower Flail Mower
- 16. DEFINITION It is the process of detaching grains from the ear heads or from the plants. Principle of Threshing: Some impact or pounding is given on crops, the grains are separated from panicles, cobs or pods. The crop mass passes through a gap between drum and concave, wearing or rubbing action takes place . This separates grains from panicles.
- 20. It is a machine operated by a prime mover such as electric motor ,engine , used for threshing. TYPES OF POWER THRESHER 1. Hammer mill type 2. Rasp bar cylinder type 3. Spike tooth cylinder type 4. Syndicator 5. Drummy type
- 22. 1. The machine should be installed at a level surface as far as possible. 2. The direction of the machine should be kept in consonance with the direction of the prevailing wind. 3. Suitable type of the pulley should be provided on the thresher. 4. The feeding should be continuous and uniform.
- 23. 5.After the continuous working for 8 to 10 hrs the machine should be given some rest before it is put into operation again. 6.When the machine is not is use after the threshing season is over, all the belts should be removed and the machine should be kept in a covered place. 7.The thresher should be operated the speed recommended by the manufacturer. 8.Bering and other working parts should always be properly greased and oiled.
- 24. It is a machine designed for harvesting threshing separating cleaning and collecting grains while moving through the standing crops. The main function are: 1. Cutting the standing crops 2. Feeding the cut crops to threshing unit 3. Threshing the crop 4. Operating and maintenance is costly.
- 26. 1. It save the cost of harvesting and threshing the crops. 2. It reduces the labor requirement of the field. 3. It clean the field the earlier , which permit easy dry weather farming. 4. As the grain come in hand earlier there is every possibilities to get good profit in the market.
- 27. 1. Higher initial cost 2. Un-adoptable for mixed farming 3. It can not be used in fragmented piece of land 4. Heavy loss of grain.