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INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY
Presented By- Vasanti Patil
M. Pharmacy [QAT]
Guided By- Dr. Sonali Mahaparle
3/2/2020 Dr. D.Y.Patil College of Pharmay pune. 1

INTRODUCTION
Industrial hazards:
It can be defined as any condition produced by industries
that may cause injury or death to personal or loss of
product or property.

HAZARDS
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Mechanical
Electrical
Pollution

Physical
Hazards
Heat &
Cold
Noise
Radiation
Fire &
Explosion

Heat and Cold
Burns
Heat stroke
Heat cramps
Foot sore
Immersion foot
Frost bite
Preventive Measures
A reasonable temp. of 20-250C must be maintained
Heat and cold

 Auditory
 Non auditory effects
 Preventive measures
a. At source:
• Source of noise can be enclosed with an insulation
material or concrete wall.
• Proper maintenance of machinery
b. By distance
c. Personal protection against noise.
Noise have two type of effects

Equipment noise sources ,level & potential control solutions
Equipment Sound level in
dBA at 3 feet
Possible noise control
treatments
Air coolers 87-94 Aerodynamic fun blades,↓
revolutions/min ↑ pitch,↓
pressure drop
Compressors 90-120 Install mufflers on intake,&
exhaust, enclosure the
machine with casing,
vibration isolation & lagging
of piping system
Electric motors 90-110 Acoustically lined fun
covers, enclosure 7 motor
mutes

Heater &
furnaces
95-110 Acoustic plenums, intake mufflers,
lined & damped ducts
Valves <80-108 Avoid sonic velocities, limit
pressure drop & mass flow,
replace with special low noise
valves
Piping 9-105 Inline silencers, vibration isolation
Equipment noise sources ,level & potential control solutions

Radiation
Radiation are divided into two groups
Natural Man made
Cosmic rays Medical /dental x-rays isotopes
Environmental (radioactive
elements e.g. uranium)
Occupational exposure
Internal (potassium,) Nuclear radioactive fallout
Approx 0.1 rad/yr Miscellaneous
Use of radio active substances
by different industries

 Somatic
 Genetic
i. Preventive measures
ii. Radiation source should be housed in a building
that shields any surrounding area.
iii. Radiation badges should be worn.
iv. Periodical medical examination.
v. Proper use of lead shields & lead rubber aprons.
Effect of hazards

Causes
Smoking in the factory
Defective heating equipment, electrical equipment &
wiring.
Explosive gas leakage.
Inadequate protection of electric motors
Sparking of electric wires & equipment
Fire & explosion hazards

Preventive measures
• Prohibition of smoking in manufacturing areas.
• Oxygen present in the inflammable atmosphere may
be ↓by dilution with gases such as nitrogen, co2,steam
or combination of these.
• Hazardous operation should be isolated
• Eliminating the ignition sources
• Using fire resistant material in construction
• Suitable emergency exits
• Adequate venting

• Automatic sprinklers
• Equipment should design to meet the specifications &
code of recognized authorities, such as ISA, API
&ASME
• The design & construction of pressure vessels &
storage tanks should follow API & ASME codes.
• Inspection

Chemical Hazards
Local
– Dermatitis
– Eczema
– Ulcers
– Cancer
Inhalation
– Gas Poisoning
Ingestion
Living tissue may be destroyed by chemical reactions such as
Dehydration
Digestion
Oxidation

• Tolerance levels for toxic chemicals set by federal
regulations have to be followed.
• Strict observation of operations of all safety
regulations
PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Biological hazards
• Disease due to biological hazards
Brucellosis (dairy industry)
Byssinosis (textile industry)
Bagassosis (sugar-cane)
Loco- motor disorder
• Preventive measures
Periodic health check up
Personal protection
The manufacturer should also provide
First aid facilities
Initial examination
Facility for vaccination
Routine sanitation programme

Biological hazards

Mechanical hazards
• Accidents usually take place by the combination of unsafe
condition & carelessness.
• Most of industrial accidents are due to
Faulty inspection
Inability of employee
Poor discipline
Lack of concentration
Unsafe practice
Mental & physical unfitness for job
Faulty equipment or improper working condition
Improper training regarding the safety aspects

Mechanical hazards
Preventive
measures
Building
planning

Building planning
• Floors must be of unskid/non-slippery type.
• Enough space for employees to work.
• Passages between working places.
• Proper arrangements of temperature control; like fans,
A.C., heaters.

• Careless handling of heavy materials and components
should be avoided.
• Full use of mechanical material handling equipment.
• All material handling equipments should be repaired
and maintained properly.
• Containers employed to transport liquids should not be
defective or leaking.
Safe material handling

Electrical hazards
• Shocks
• Sparking
• Fire
• Wiring faults

Classification of signs according to use –
(1) Danger signs.

2) Caution signs. (i)
The CAUTION header is used to indicate a hazardous
situation which may result in minor or moderate
injury. However, Caution should not be used when
there is a possibility of death or serious injury.

(3) Safety instruction signs

(4) Biological hazard signs.
The biological hazard warning shall be used to
signify the actual or potential presence of a
biohazard and to identify equipment, containers,
rooms, materials, experimental animals, or
combinations thereof, which contain, or are
contaminated with, viable hazardous agents.

Pictograph
Pictograph means a pictorial representation used to
identify a hazardous condition or to convey a safety
instruction

Signal Word
Signal word means that portion of a tag's inscription
that contains the word or words that are intended to
capture the employee's immediate attention.

Tag
Tag means a device usually made of card, paper, pasteboard,
plastic or other material used to identify a hazardous
condition.

Danger Tags
Danger tags shall be used in major hazard situations
where an immediate hazard presents a threat of death
or serious injury to employees. Danger tags shall be
used only in these situations.

Biological Hazard Tag
BIOLOGICAL HAZARD -- Fluorescent orange or
orange-red, or predominantly so, with lettering or
symbols in a contrasting color.

REFRENCES
• Pharmaceutical Production and Management By C. V. S. Subrahmanyam
• www.geocities.com
• www.britannica.com
• http://nptel:iipm.ac.in
• www.waste_management_world.com
• The Theory & Practical of Industrial Pharmacy By Leon Lachman, Herbert
A. Lieberman, Joseph Kiang, 3RD Edition Varghese Publishing House.
• www.osha.gov

THANK YOU

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