際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo
Healthcare waste management.3
惆惺 愕悋慍悽愀惘惡 悋愆惘
Treatment and disposal methods
Healthcare Waste Management
Section three
Dr. M.Khazaei
Ph.D of environmental health engineering
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
拆慍愆拆愕悋惆 惆惺悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡
(惆)
 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡
(惆)
≒悋惆62:悽愀惘 惡 悋愆惘惡惘惆惘擧悋 惡 拆愕悋惆擧惆擯悋惠惆 悋慍悋愕悋慍
悋忰悋 惠惶惠悋惆惆惘惡惆悋愆惠惠惘悋慍.
≒悋惆63:悽惶惶惆惘 愕惠慍 忰愀 悋慍愕悋惠悋惆悋悽悵 慍愕愕惠
惠惘慍 悋悋悛悋惆悴悽惘 惴惘悋慍.
≒悋惆64:惠惡惘惆惠慍惺 拆愕悋惆悋 悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡 惡 悋慍悋愕愀
 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆惠惆惆 惺惆 悋慍惘(愕惠悋惘惡悋悋惆悋)惆惘
惠惆 忰愆惆 悋悴悋.悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡 悋 愕悋惠悋慍悋愕惠悋惆 悋擧悋
惠惘擧慍擧擧 擧惆擯悋 惠惆 悋惘惡.
 拆慍愆拆愕悋惆 惆惺悽愀惘愕悋慍惡
(惆)
≒悋惆68:悋惆 愀悋惡(7)拆愕悋惆 惠惡惆 悋慍 拆愕 拆愕悋惆悋 惆惘惠悋
惠惘惶 惺悋惆 拆愕悋惆 悋惆 悛 惆惘惠悋惘 愕悋慍 惺悋惆 惡  拆慍愆
擯惘惆.
≒悋惆70-惶惡慍愕 惡悋慍 擯 惘惆惘 惠惘慍 愃惘  惠惘慍 悋慍 悋惺愆惘悋
悋愕惠 惺.
≒悋惆71-悋 惡 愀 惘慍 悋忰悋 悋 惠惶 愕愕惠 惘擯 悋惘惘悋愕惠悴悋
愀悋惺悋惠愕惠慍 悋惠惘悋惓 悋惡慍悋惘(EIA)惡惆 悽悋惆 忰愀.
惺悋惆 惡  拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆 惠惡惆 愆悋惘
(惷悋惡愀 忰惆悋-悋惆69)
Microbial Inactivation Efficacy(MIE)>or =6Log
≒悴悋惡 忰惶悋惆
≒惺惠悋惠悋悴惘慍 忰悵
≒惡惆 惆愕惠惘愕 惆惘愕惠惆悋惠:1-悋惆惘2-惺擧惘惆惶忰惠
≒悽愀惘惡 悴悽惘(愕惠慍 忰愀  悋愕悋)惆惺悋擧悋悋愕愀惡
≒悋拆悋惆悋惘
≒惶惘惡 惘
≒惆惘悛惘惡惠惺惆悋惠悋 惡
≒惠悋惆拆愕悋惆 惆惘惠 惡惘悋悋惡惆惘 愕悧 悋惆悋悋慍.
≒惠悋忰悵 惡悋愀悋惡惠 悋擧悋6Log惆惘 愆悋悽惶 悋 惡悋擧惠惘悋拆惆悋惺
≒愕惠悋惘擯惡 愆惆悴惆悋 悋惺惷悋悄 悋惆悋悋愕悋惘悋(愆惆 惘悽惆惘悋)
 拆慍愆拆愕悋惆 惆惺悽愀惘愕悋慍惡
(悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡盒潮盒朝愕愀忰盒潮)
惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋愆惘
(拆愕惠(惆)悋惡愕惠 拆愕悋惆悋拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆悋 悋悴惘悋惆惘惠 悋愆惘惷悋惡愀)
≒悋惠擧悋
≒ 悋擧惘
≒惡惆悋愆惠 惆
≒慍愕惡悋慍
≒愕悋慍忰惴
惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋愆惘
(拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆惆惘惠愆慍悛惡惘悋忰惠悋悋愕惘惶 悋悋惘)
≒慍愕 惡悋慍
≒惡惘 愕悋慍愃惘惺悋愆悋惘
惘惆悋惠悋拱盒潮(惡悽悋惘 惡悋 悋愕惠惘慍悋愕)
愆悋惆悋慍擯惆
≒惘 惠悋惡愆
*悋惆 惆擯惘悋愆惘 悋慍擯悵愆惠惆惘愆悋惘 悋惡惘惺悋惘惆拆愕愕悋慍悽惓愆惘 惡惺悋慍惡悋
惆拆悋悋惘悋悴悋慍悽惠 惺 惡悋愆惘 悋悋悋愆惆惡惘惆悋拆慍愆拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍惡惘惆惡 悋慍惘
愕悽拆悋惡惘惆惘悋 悋惡惠 悋惘悋悴愆悋惠拆慍愆拆愕悋惆忰愀 愕惠慍惡惆悋愆惠悽愀惘悋惆愆惆.
惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋愆惘
(拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 愃惘愕慍 悋 惆愕惠擯悋 擧悋擧 愆悋 擧惘惡拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘 惆愕惠惘悋惺)
≒惡悽悋惘愕愕惠(惘愀惡 惠惘悋惘忰)
≒悽惘惆擧悋惘 惡 擧悋惆惘愕愕惠
≒愆悋 惆悋慍擯惆愕愕惠
≒悽惘惆擧 悋惘 惡 悽愆擧 惠惘悋惘忰愕愕惠
≒悋擧惘 惠愕愕惠/悋惠擧悋
惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋 愆惘
)WHO, 2009: Safe management of wastes from health-care activities(
Incineration
Chemical disinfection
Wet and dry thermal treatment
Microwave irradiation
Inertization
惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋 愆惘
)WHO, 2014: Safe management of wastes from health-care activities(
Steam treatment technologies
Autoclaves
 Integrated steam-based treatment systems
Microwave treatment technologies
Dry-heat treatment technologies
Chemical treatment technologies
Internal shredding of waste
Chemical disinfectants
Alkaline hydrolysis
Incineration
Combustion
Pyrolysis and gasification
Required waste characteristics
Energy recovery
Types of incinerators for health-care waste
Encapsulation and inertization
Land disposal
悋 悋惠 惡悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘愆惘 惷悋惡愀 悋惘惺悋
≒悋慍 惘惆 悋惠悋拱盒潮愆惘 惆惘愆悋惘 擯惘悋愀惡惠惘愕  愃惘惺悋 悋惘惡悋慍
愆惆 悋愕惠悋惆 悋悋惘擯悋愕惘.
≒愕  悋惆 悋惠慍惠悴 悋愕慍悋愕惠惘 悋惘惡 惘惆 悋惠悋拱盒潮愆惘悋
 悋愆愆 慍悋 惡惘愆惠 忰愀惴惘悋惠愕惺惠
悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡 悋惘惡愆惘 悋 悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆悋悽惘 愕悋悋惆惘 悋悋 悋愕惠
悋愕惠 擯惘惠 悋惘惘惠悴 惆惘 慍 惺 拆愕悋惆.
≒ 悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡愆惘 悋 惡悋 惠悋 悋惘 惺 拆愕悋惆 惡愆惠惘惆.
悋 悋惠 惡悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘愆悋惘 悋悋惺
≒惘悋惆悛:*:慍愕 愃惘 悋愆惘 惡惘 惠惘悴忰.
≒悋惠悋拱盒潮 悋悋惺:
惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮
悽悋悄 拆愆 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮
惠悋惡 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮
Ref: 10
 gravity-displacement autoclaves
 pre-vacuum or high-vacuum autoclaves
 pressure pulse autoclaves.
愕惠惘 愆悋惘 悋悋惺悋 悋惠 惡悋 愕悋慍
Ref: WHO, 2014
惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮
惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮
≒悋愕惠惘慍 愆惘忰惡 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆:
≒悋-惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮:
惆悋属121C惠悋愕 悋慍60min愆悋惘 15psi
惆悋属135C惠悋愕 悋慍45min愆悋惘 31psi
悋惠悋惠悋 惆惘 愆惘 愀惘悋慍 悋 愆惆 悋悴悋擯慍 愆悋惘 愀惘 悋慍惡悽悋惘 惓 愕愕惠惡悋悋惠悋拱盒潮 惆惘悋惘惘悋
擧惆 惠惘悋惘 愕愕惠擯惘惠.
悽悋悄 拆愆 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮
悽悋悄 拆愆 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮
≒悋愕惠惘慍 愆惘忰惡 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆:
≒悋-惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮:
惆悋属121C惠悋愕 悋慍45min愆悋惘 15psi
惆悋属135C惠悋愕 悋慍30min愆悋惘 31psi
悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆 惡悋悋惠悋 惆惘 悴惆 悋悋惠悋拱盒潮悋惠悋 惡 惡悽悋惘惆惘悋慍 惡 悽悋悄拆愆 愕愕惠惡悋悋惠悋拱盒潮 惆惘拆拆
擯惘惆惆 惠悽 悽悋悄
Pressure Pulse Autoclaves
WHO, 2014
悋悋惠 惡悋愕悋慍 愕惠惘愆惘 惷悋惡愀悋惘惺悋
悋-惓惘悋惘悋擧惠:
惡悋惘擯悵悋惘忰惴惘惺拆愕悋惆惺愆悋惘惠惘悋惘忰悴惘惆悋慍惡悋惘擯悵悋惘悋慍忰惆悋惓惘.
惡-惆惘惆悋惡惘惆惘悋 惡惘惆 惠慍惺拆愕悋惆悋 悋惘惡愆惘 悋.
拆-惆悋惘愆悋拆愕悋惆悋惡悋惆愆惆惠惶愆惘 悋惡悋.
惠-悋 悋惠悋慍悋悽惘惆惡惆悋惴惘 愕 惡悋惆愆惆 悋愕惠悋惆(SB)惡悋愆惆惘惆悋惠悋拱盒潮悋惡.
惓-惡悋愆惆悋惠悋拱盒潮 忰悴惡悋惠悋愕惡惡悋惆 愆惆 惆悋惆悋惘惘惆愕惠擯悋 惆悋悽拆愕悋惆悋悋慍.
悴-惡悋惘擯悋惆悋惘惡惡愕惠擯愕悋慍愕惠惘悋慍 惆惠(拆愕悋惆)惆惘惆悋.
-惡悋惘愕悋忰惆悋惡悋惆惆愕惠擯悋悋惡惘惡悋愆惆悴惆悛 愕惠惆悋惠 愆惆.
忰-愆悋 悋愆悋悽惶 悋慍悋愕惠悋惆(惆擯惘愆悋惡 惆惘悋悋惠惘悋惘忰惡忰愕悋愕悋惘悋悋惆)悋惘惘惆惘 悋惘惡(愕)
愆惆悋愕惠 悴悋惆 悋愕悋慍愕惠惘悋 悋愀惘愆 惆惆愆悋惠悋 悋愕惠惘惷惘 愆惆 愕惠惘.)
悋悋惠惡悋 愕悋慍  愕惠惘 愆惘 惷悋惡愀悋惘惺悋
悽-忰惆悋 惠惘愕悋愕惠悧悋惘 惡悋愕愕惡 愆悋悽惶 悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆惡悋惘 悋悋 惘惷惘悋慍 惠悋 愕惠
愆惆 忰悋惶 悋愀悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘 惺悋惠 惶忰惠.
惆-愆惆 擯惆悋惘 愕悋 惆惠 惡 忰惆悋 惡悋惆 愕惠惆悋惠.
悵- 惠惓 悋惠悋拱盒潮擯惘惆 悋惘惘 悋愕惠悋惆 惆惘 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆 悋惘惡:*
惘-愆 愆悋 悋惘 惘慍 惆惘悋 惡悋惆 愆惆  悋愕惠悋惆 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆 悋惘惡  悋惠悋拱盒潮 惠惆:*
慍-悋 悋 擯惘 愆惆 擯惘惠 惴惘 惆惘 愆惆 惠惶 拆愕悋惆 惺悋 惡 惡悋惆 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆悋慍 惘惆悋惠
惠惘悋惘忰 悴惘惆 悋慍 悋 悋惠 惡悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘 悋惆惘 愀 惆惘  惆惆 愆悋 愆悋惘  惠惘悋惘忰 悴惘惆
悋愕惠愆惆惠悋 慍悋 愆悋惘.
-惡惆 悋愕惡 惺悋 愕 悋  惆惆 愆悋 愆悋惘 悋 惠惘悋惘忰 悴惘惆 悋慍 惘悋惆悋惠 惆 惘 惡 悋擯惘惠悋 
惡 悋愕惡 悋惆 悋慍  惠惘悋惘忰 悴惘惆 愆悋惘 惠悋 愆惆 悋 悋惠 惘惆惡悋 惡悋惆 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆 惡悋惘悛惆 惆愕惠 .
悋惡惘惘悋惠惘悋惘拆悋惘惆惓惡惠(惘惆 惘悋惆悋)
≒悋惘擯 悋 悋拆惠惘 惓惡惠 悋惠慍惠悴惡悴慍 惡悋惆 悋惠悋拱盒潮 惘惠悋 惡悋愆惆 
 愆惆 拆悋愆 惆悋 惠悋惠 悋惘愀惡惠惺惆悋惆慍惘 悋慍 悽惘惠悋 惡悋惘
惺悋惠 悋惠惘悋惘拆悋悋惘悋 愕 悋愕惘惘愕惆惘 悋惘惡愀 悋惘悋惠悋拱盒潮
惆惓惡惠.
惘悋愕拆 惠愕惠悋惆惘 惶忰惠 悋愆盒潮盒朝慍盒潮盒朝悛盒潮
惘悋愕拆 惠愕惠悋惆惘 惶忰惠 悋愆盒潮盒朝慍盒潮盒朝悛盒潮
慍愕愃惘 惆愕惠擯悋悋惠 忰 悋惠悽悋惡悋惺惘惆愕惠悋悋惘
拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆愕悋慍悽愀惘 惡
悽慍 悋慍 惆惘 忰悴 忰悋愕惡(Chamber)悋惠擧悋
悽慍 悋慍惆惘忰悴 忰悋愕惡(Chamber)悋惠擧悋
慍愕愃惘 惆愕惠擯悋悋 惠 忰 悋惠悽悋惡 悋惺惘惆愕惠 悋悋惘
拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆愕悋慍悽愀惘 惡
慍愕愃惘 惆愕惠擯悋悋 惠 忰 悋惠悽悋惡 悋惺惘惆愕惠 悋悋惘
拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆愕悋慍悽愀惘 惡
悽愀惘 惡 慍愕 愃惘 悋 惆愕惠擯悋 悽惘惆 悋惆悋惆悋惘 惆惘 惆惘悴悴惠 拆愆悋惆 悋惆愕悋慍
拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆
悽愀惘 惡 慍愕 愃惘 悋 惆愕惠擯悋 悽惘惆 悋惆悋惆悋惘 惆惘 惆惘悴悴惠 拆愆悋惆 悋惆愕悋慍
拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆
悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕
拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍
≒ 惡惆悋慍擯惆愕悋慍愕惠惘 悋惆惘 悋忰惘擧悋惘 惡惺愆惘悋慍惡惺惆惠惺惘悋慍悋愕惠悋惆 愕悽悋
悴惆惆惡悋惆悋惠慍惠悴 惡悽愆惘悋惺惠惡悋愆惆.
≒惡悋 惡悽愆惘悋惺惠惡悋慍擧 悋惠惘悋惘拆悋擧惘惆擧悋惘悋惆擧悋惠悋慍悋愕惠悋惆悋愆惘 擧惡/悋惘悋惆擧悋惠悋
愆悋悋愆惘愆惆 悋悴悋.
≒惡悋惆 惡悽愆惘悋惺惠惡悋擧悋惘惆惘愕惠惘 拆悋愆愕惠惘忰惶 惆悋愆惠悋慍悋愀悋擧愕惡 悋惘惡 惆悋悧惘愀惡悋悴悋
愆惆.
悛悋 惆悋悽惆惘擧惆愕惠惘 悋惆悵惡擧擧拆愕悋惆悋悋愕惡惘悛悴惺 悋惘惡悋慍 惡愆2/3悋他惴惘惠
惡愕惠悽惡惡悋惘悛悋惆惘 惡惠悋惠悋愆惆 拆惘拆愕悋惆惡悋惡悋惆惴惘悋悋擧愕.
≒悋慍 惡愆惶拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡惆愕惠擯悋忰惴惡悋惆愆惆 拆惘拆愕悋惆 悋慍.
悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕
拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(拆悋愆悋悋惺)
≒擧悋擧 拆悋愆:
愆惆惆悋惆 愆悋 惆悋慍擯惆 悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘 悋惆惘 慍擧 悋 愆悋悽惶惓惡惠  愆悋惆惠愕愀 
惆愕惠擯悋 悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆 惘惡悋惘 惆惘 悋 惓惡悋惠 悋 悴惘惆.
≒愆悋 拆悋愆:
≒慍惠 悋 惡悋悋惘 愕悋慍 愕惠惘悋惆惘惠悴惠悋惆 愆悋悋惘悋惆擧悋惠悛悋 惠悴 擧
悋惘"惆愕惠惘愕 惆惘擧惆 拆悋愆悋愕惠.
≒惆惘惆悋 惺擧惘惆惆 愆悋 悋愆惘悋悋惘悋惆擧悋惠:
≒ 愕惘惡惘惆愕惠擯悋 惺擧惘惆 惶忰惠擧惆 愕惠惘(惆擧 惡慍悛 惓:B&D)
≒悋惆惘擧惠惘惆悋慍擯惆悋愕悋慍 愕惠惘(愕愕惠惡惆 惡愕惠 擧惠惘惘悋悋悋惆
擯惘惆  悋惘惘 惴惘悋惡惆 惡愕惠惆悋悽 擧 惠悋惘悋惆擧悋惠)
悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕
拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(愆悋拆悋愆:BD)
悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕
拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(愆悋拆悋愆:BD)
悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕
拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(愆悋拆悋愆-惡悽悋惘 悵 拆悋愆 悋惆擧悋惠惘)
悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕
拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(惡擧拆悋愆)
 拆慍愆拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍惡愆悋惘 惺悋惡 悋悋盒潮盒朝慍盒潮盒朝盒潮
悋愕悋慍惆 愆惘擧惠 惠愕愀 悋 拆悋愆惆惘悋惘惆擧惆
惡惘惘悋 惠愕愀拆悋愆
愕愕惠悋惺惠惡悋惘 惡悽愆
拆悋愆愕惠惘(惡悋惘惘
惆愕惠擯悋悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆)
惡 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 悋 拆悋愆 惡 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 悋 拆悋愆
悋惆擧悋惠惘 悋
惡擧
Geobacillus
stearothermop
hilus
(惡惘悋惘惺悋惠惡悋
悋愕惠悋惆悋惘惆
愕悋慍 愕惠惘)
惡惆擧悛慍/
愆悋 悋惆擧悋惠惘
惆悋悽
惡愕惠惡惆/ (TST)
愆悋悋惆擧悋惠惘
拆悋愆惡悽悋惘 悵
(BMS)
(惘惺悋惠惡悋
悋愕惠悋惆悋惘惆 惡惘悋
愕惠惘
愕悋慍)
愆悋悽惶 惓惡惠
慍擧 悋
惆悋惆 愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋 惆惘悴
悋 惓惡悋惠
悋惆擧悋惠惘 悋
惡擧
Geobacillus
stearothermop
hilus
(惠擯 愀惘惡)
悛慍
惡惆擧
(愀惘惡
悋慍 惡惺惆悋慍惘
擧悋惘 愆惘惺
惆愕惠擯悋)
悋惆擧悋惠惘悋
拆悋愆愆悋
惡悽悋惘 悵
(BMS)
惡惆 惡愕惠 惆悋悽
(TST)
愆悋悽惶 惓惡惠
慍擧 悋
惆悋惆 愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋 惆惘悴
悋 惓惡悋惠
惡悽悋惘 愕愕惠
(惠惘悋惘忰
惘愀惡)
悋惆擧悋 悋 悋悛拆惠惘
惡擧
Geobacillus
stearothermop
hilus
-
愆悋悽惶 惓惡惠
慍擧 悋
惆悋惆 愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋 惆惘悴
悋 惓惡悋惠
悋惆擧悋 悋 悋悛拆惠惘
惡擧
Geobacillus
stearothermop
hilus
(悋慍惘 愀惘惡)
- -
愆悋悽惶 惓惡惠
慍擧 悋
惆悋惆 愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋 惆惘悴
惓惡悋惠
愕愕惠
惡惆惘擧悋
悽惘惆擧 悋惘
拆悋愆惘惆悋 惆慍愕悋 愆惘擧惠惠愕愀 悋惆擧惆惘悋
悋惘惡惘 惠愕愀 拆悋愆
愕愕惠悋惺惠惡悋惘 惡悽愆
拆悋愆愕惠惘(惡悋惘惘
惆愕惠擯悋悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆)
惡 拆悋愆
拆悋愆
愆悋
悋 拆悋愆 惡 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 悋 拆悋愆
惡擧悋惆擧悋惠惘悋惘
Bacillus atrophaeus
-
愆悋悽惶惓惡惠
慍擧悋
惆悋惆愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋惆惘悴
悋惓惡悋惠
悋惆擧悋惠惘悋惘
惡擧
Bacillus
atrophaeus
(惘慍悋愀惘 惡)
- -
愆悋悽惶惓惡惠
慍擧悋
惆悋惆愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋惆惘悴
惓惡悋惠
愕愕惠
惆悋慍擯惆
愆悋
惡悋惆擧悋惠惘 悛拆擧
Geobacillus
stearothermophilu
s
-
愆悋悽惶惓惡惠
慍擧悋
惆悋惆愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋惆惘悴
悋惓惡悋惠
悋惆擧悋惠惘 悛拆
惡擧
Geobacillus
stearotherm
ophilus
(惘慍悋愀惘 惡)
- -
愆悋悽惶惓惡惠
慍擧悋
惆悋惆愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋惆惘悴
惓惡悋惠
惠惘悋惘忰 愕愕惠
悋惘 惡 悽愆擧
悽惘惆擧
惡擧悋惆擧悋惠惘悋惘
Bacillus atrophaeus
惡悋惆擧悋惠惘 悋擧
Geobacillus
stearothermophilu
s
悋惆擧悋惠惘
愆悋
惆悋悽
(TST)
惡惡愕惠惆
愆悋悽惶惓惡惠
慍擧悋
惆悋惆愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋惆惘悴
悋惓惡悋惠
悋惆擧悋惠惘悋惘
惡擧
Bacillus
atrophaeus
悋惆擧悋惠惘 悋
惡擧
Geobacillus
stearotherm
ophilus
-
悋惆擧悋惠惘
惆悋悽 愆悋
惡惆惡愕惠
(TST)
愆悋悽惶惓惡惠
慍擧悋
惆悋惆愆悋
惠愕愀 愆惆
 悋惆惘悴
悋惓惡悋惠
惠 愕愕惠
悋擧惘/
悋惠擧悋
 悋愕惠惺悋惠惡惘悋悋惘惆悋拆愕悋惆 惠惆 慍悋悋愆 惡惘悋愕惠悋惘惡悋.
 悋惆愀悋惡拆慍愆拆愕悋惆惆惘惠惺悋惠惡惘悋悋惘惆悋愕惠悋惘惡悋
12惘愆悋惡悽愆悋98414悽惘25/3/87
惡悋愆惆.
 惺悋惠惘悋惆愀悋惡拆慍愆拆愕悋惆悋惠慍惡悋惺惠13惘愆悋惡悽愆悋98414
悽惘25/3/87(拆愕悋惆惆惘惠悋)
悋惘  忰愀 愕悋惠 惘慍 42
愆悋 惠悴 悋慍 惠愆惘 惡悋
Thanks for attention
M.Khazaei
Department Of Env. Health
Qom Univ. Of Medical Sciences

More Related Content

Healthcare waste management.3

  • 2. 惆惺 愕悋慍悽愀惘惡 悋愆惘 Treatment and disposal methods Healthcare Waste Management Section three Dr. M.Khazaei Ph.D of environmental health engineering Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
  • 4. 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡 (惆) ≒悋惆62:悽愀惘 惡 悋愆惘惡惘惆惘擧悋 惡 拆愕悋惆擧惆擯悋惠惆 悋慍悋愕悋慍 悋忰悋 惠惶惠悋惆惆惘惡惆悋愆惠惠惘悋慍. ≒悋惆63:悽惶惶惆惘 愕惠慍 忰愀 悋慍愕悋惠悋惆悋悽悵 慍愕愕惠 惠惘慍 悋悋悛悋惆悴悽惘 惴惘悋慍. ≒悋惆64:惠惡惘惆惠慍惺 拆愕悋惆悋 悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡 惡 悋慍悋愕愀 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆惠惆惆 惺惆 悋慍惘(愕惠悋惘惡悋悋惆悋)惆惘 惠惆 忰愆惆 悋悴悋.悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡 悋 愕悋惠悋慍悋愕惠悋惆 悋擧悋 惠惘擧慍擧擧 擧惆擯悋 惠惆 悋惘惡.
  • 5. 拆慍愆拆愕悋惆 惆惺悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 (惆) ≒悋惆68:悋惆 愀悋惡(7)拆愕悋惆 惠惡惆 悋慍 拆愕 拆愕悋惆悋 惆惘惠悋 惠惘惶 惺悋惆 拆愕悋惆 悋惆 悛 惆惘惠悋惘 愕悋慍 惺悋惆 惡 拆慍愆 擯惘惆. ≒悋惆70-惶惡慍愕 惡悋慍 擯 惘惆惘 惠惘慍 愃惘 惠惘慍 悋慍 悋惺愆惘悋 悋愕惠 惺. ≒悋惆71-悋 惡 愀 惘慍 悋忰悋 悋 惠惶 愕愕惠 惘擯 悋惘惘悋愕惠悴悋 愀悋惺悋惠愕惠慍 悋惠惘悋惓 悋惡慍悋惘(EIA)惡惆 悽悋惆 忰愀.
  • 6. 惺悋惆 惡 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆 惠惡惆 愆悋惘 (惷悋惡愀 忰惆悋-悋惆69) Microbial Inactivation Efficacy(MIE)>or =6Log ≒悴悋惡 忰惶悋惆 ≒惺惠悋惠悋悴惘慍 忰悵 ≒惡惆 惆愕惠惘愕 惆惘愕惠惆悋惠:1-悋惆惘2-惺擧惘惆惶忰惠 ≒悽愀惘惡 悴悽惘(愕惠慍 忰愀 悋愕悋)惆惺悋擧悋悋愕愀惡 ≒悋拆悋惆悋惘 ≒惶惘惡 惘 ≒惆惘悛惘惡惠惺惆悋惠悋 惡 ≒惠悋惆拆愕悋惆 惆惘惠 惡惘悋悋惡惆惘 愕悧 悋惆悋悋慍. ≒惠悋忰悵 惡悋愀悋惡惠 悋擧悋6Log惆惘 愆悋悽惶 悋 惡悋擧惠惘悋拆惆悋惺 ≒愕惠悋惘擯惡 愆惆悴惆悋 悋惺惷悋悄 悋惆悋悋愕悋惘悋(愆惆 惘悽惆惘悋)
  • 8. 惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋愆惘 (拆愕惠(惆)悋惡愕惠 拆愕悋惆悋拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆悋 悋悴惘悋惆惘惠 悋愆惘惷悋惡愀) ≒悋惠擧悋 ≒ 悋擧惘 ≒惡惆悋愆惠 惆 ≒慍愕惡悋慍 ≒愕悋慍忰惴
  • 9. 惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋愆惘 (拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆惆惘惠愆慍悛惡惘悋忰惠悋悋愕惘惶 悋悋惘) ≒慍愕 惡悋慍 ≒惡惘 愕悋慍愃惘惺悋愆悋惘 惘惆悋惠悋拱盒潮(惡悽悋惘 惡悋 悋愕惠惘慍悋愕) 愆悋惆悋慍擯惆 ≒惘 惠悋惡愆 *悋惆 惆擯惘悋愆惘 悋慍擯悵愆惠惆惘愆悋惘 悋惡惘惺悋惘惆拆愕愕悋慍悽惓愆惘 惡惺悋慍惡悋 惆拆悋悋惘悋悴悋慍悽惠 惺 惡悋愆惘 悋悋悋愆惆惡惘惆悋拆慍愆拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍惡惘惆惡 悋慍惘 愕悽拆悋惡惘惆惘悋 悋惡惠 悋惘悋悴愆悋惠拆慍愆拆愕悋惆忰愀 愕惠慍惡惆悋愆惠悽愀惘悋惆愆惆.
  • 10. 惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋愆惘 (拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 愃惘愕慍 悋 惆愕惠擯悋 擧悋擧 愆悋 擧惘惡拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘 惆愕惠惘悋惺) ≒惡悽悋惘愕愕惠(惘愀惡 惠惘悋惘忰) ≒悽惘惆擧悋惘 惡 擧悋惆惘愕愕惠 ≒愆悋 惆悋慍擯惆愕愕惠 ≒悽惘惆擧 悋惘 惡 悽愆擧 惠惘悋惘忰愕愕惠 ≒悋擧惘 惠愕愕惠/悋惠擧悋
  • 11. 惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋 愆惘 )WHO, 2009: Safe management of wastes from health-care activities( Incineration Chemical disinfection Wet and dry thermal treatment Microwave irradiation Inertization
  • 12. 惆惺 悽愀惘愕悋慍惡 悋 愆惘 )WHO, 2014: Safe management of wastes from health-care activities( Steam treatment technologies Autoclaves Integrated steam-based treatment systems Microwave treatment technologies Dry-heat treatment technologies Chemical treatment technologies Internal shredding of waste Chemical disinfectants Alkaline hydrolysis Incineration Combustion Pyrolysis and gasification Required waste characteristics Energy recovery Types of incinerators for health-care waste Encapsulation and inertization Land disposal
  • 13. 悋 悋惠 惡悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘愆惘 惷悋惡愀 悋惘惺悋 ≒悋慍 惘惆 悋惠悋拱盒潮愆惘 惆惘愆悋惘 擯惘悋愀惡惠惘愕 愃惘惺悋 悋惘惡悋慍 愆惆 悋愕惠悋惆 悋悋惘擯悋愕惘. ≒愕 悋惆 悋惠慍惠悴 悋愕慍悋愕惠惘 悋惘惡 惘惆 悋惠悋拱盒潮愆惘悋 悋愆愆 慍悋 惡惘愆惠 忰愀惴惘悋惠愕惺惠 悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡 悋惘惡愆惘 悋 悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆悋悽惘 愕悋悋惆惘 悋悋 悋愕惠 悋愕惠 擯惘惠 悋惘惘惠悴 惆惘 慍 惺 拆愕悋惆. ≒ 悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡愆惘 悋 惡悋 惠悋 悋惘 惺 拆愕悋惆 惡愆惠惘惆.
  • 14. 悋 悋惠 惡悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘愆悋惘 悋悋惺 ≒惘悋惆悛:*:慍愕 愃惘 悋愆惘 惡惘 惠惘悴忰. ≒悋惠悋拱盒潮 悋悋惺: 惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮 悽悋悄 拆愆 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮 惠悋惡 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮 Ref: 10
  • 15. gravity-displacement autoclaves pre-vacuum or high-vacuum autoclaves pressure pulse autoclaves. 愕惠惘 愆悋惘 悋悋惺悋 悋惠 惡悋 愕悋慍 Ref: WHO, 2014
  • 16. 惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮
  • 17. 惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮 ≒悋愕惠惘慍 愆惘忰惡 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆: ≒悋-惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮: 惆悋属121C惠悋愕 悋慍60min愆悋惘 15psi 惆悋属135C惠悋愕 悋慍45min愆悋惘 31psi 悋惠悋惠悋 惆惘 愆惘 愀惘悋慍 悋 愆惆 悋悴悋擯慍 愆悋惘 愀惘 悋慍惡悽悋惘 惓 愕愕惠惡悋悋惠悋拱盒潮 惆惘悋惘惘悋 擧惆 惠惘悋惘 愕愕惠擯惘惠.
  • 18. 悽悋悄 拆愆 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮
  • 19. 悽悋悄 拆愆 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮 ≒悋愕惠惘慍 愆惘忰惡 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆: ≒悋-惓 愕愕惠 惡悋 悋惠悋拱盒潮: 惆悋属121C惠悋愕 悋慍45min愆悋惘 15psi 惆悋属135C惠悋愕 悋慍30min愆悋惘 31psi 悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆 惡悋悋惠悋 惆惘 悴惆 悋悋惠悋拱盒潮悋惠悋 惡 惡悽悋惘惆惘悋慍 惡 悽悋悄拆愆 愕愕惠惡悋悋惠悋拱盒潮 惆惘拆拆 擯惘惆惆 惠悽 悽悋悄
  • 21. 悋悋惠 惡悋愕悋慍 愕惠惘愆惘 惷悋惡愀悋惘惺悋 悋-惓惘悋惘悋擧惠: 惡悋惘擯悵悋惘忰惴惘惺拆愕悋惆惺愆悋惘惠惘悋惘忰悴惘惆悋慍惡悋惘擯悵悋惘悋慍忰惆悋惓惘. 惡-惆惘惆悋惡惘惆惘悋 惡惘惆 惠慍惺拆愕悋惆悋 悋惘惡愆惘 悋. 拆-惆悋惘愆悋拆愕悋惆悋惡悋惆愆惆惠惶愆惘 悋惡悋. 惠-悋 悋惠悋慍悋悽惘惆惡惆悋惴惘 愕 惡悋惆愆惆 悋愕惠悋惆(SB)惡悋愆惆惘惆悋惠悋拱盒潮悋惡. 惓-惡悋愆惆悋惠悋拱盒潮 忰悴惡悋惠悋愕惡惡悋惆 愆惆 惆悋惆悋惘惘惆愕惠擯悋 惆悋悽拆愕悋惆悋悋慍. 悴-惡悋惘擯悋惆悋惘惡惡愕惠擯愕悋慍愕惠惘悋慍 惆惠(拆愕悋惆)惆惘惆悋. -惡悋惘愕悋忰惆悋惡悋惆惆愕惠擯悋悋惡惘惡悋愆惆悴惆悛 愕惠惆悋惠 愆惆. 忰-愆悋 悋愆悋悽惶 悋慍悋愕惠悋惆(惆擯惘愆悋惡 惆惘悋悋惠惘悋惘忰惡忰愕悋愕悋惘悋悋惆)悋惘惘惆惘 悋惘惡(愕) 愆惆悋愕惠 悴悋惆 悋愕悋慍愕惠惘悋 悋愀惘愆 惆惆愆悋惠悋 悋愕惠惘惷惘 愆惆 愕惠惘.)
  • 22. 悋悋惠惡悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘 愆惘 惷悋惡愀悋惘惺悋 悽-忰惆悋 惠惘愕悋愕惠悧悋惘 惡悋愕愕惡 愆悋悽惶 悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆惡悋惘 悋悋 惘惷惘悋慍 惠悋 愕惠 愆惆 忰悋惶 悋愀悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘 惺悋惠 惶忰惠. 惆-愆惆 擯惆悋惘 愕悋 惆惠 惡 忰惆悋 惡悋惆 愕惠惆悋惠. 悵- 惠惓 悋惠悋拱盒潮擯惘惆 悋惘惘 悋愕惠悋惆 惆惘 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆 悋惘惡:* 惘-愆 愆悋 悋惘 惘慍 惆惘悋 惡悋惆 愆惆 悋愕惠悋惆 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆 悋惘惡 悋惠悋拱盒潮 惠惆:* 慍-悋 悋 擯惘 愆惆 擯惘惠 惴惘 惆惘 愆惆 惠惶 拆愕悋惆 惺悋 惡 惡悋惆 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆悋慍 惘惆悋惠 惠惘悋惘忰 悴惘惆 悋慍 悋 悋惠 惡悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘 悋惆惘 愀 惆惘 惆惆 愆悋 愆悋惘 惠惘悋惘忰 悴惘惆 悋愕惠愆惆惠悋 慍悋 愆悋惘. -惡惆 悋愕惡 惺悋 愕 悋 惆惆 愆悋 愆悋惘 悋 惠惘悋惘忰 悴惘惆 悋慍 惘悋惆悋惠 惆 惘 惡 悋擯惘惠悋 惡 悋愕惡 悋惆 悋慍 惠惘悋惘忰 悴惘惆 愆悋惘 惠悋 愆惆 悋 悋惠 惘惆惡悋 惡悋惆 拆慍愆 拆愕悋惆 惡悋惘悛惆 惆愕惠 .
  • 23. 悋惡惘惘悋惠惘悋惘拆悋惘惆惓惡惠(惘惆 惘悋惆悋) ≒悋惘擯 悋 悋拆惠惘 惓惡惠 悋惠慍惠悴惡悴慍 惡悋惆 悋惠悋拱盒潮 惘惠悋 惡悋愆惆 愆惆 拆悋愆 惆悋 惠悋惠 悋惘愀惡惠惺惆悋惆慍惘 悋慍 悽惘惠悋 惡悋惘 惺悋惠 悋惠惘悋惘拆悋悋惘悋 愕 悋愕惘惘愕惆惘 悋惘惡愀 悋惘悋惠悋拱盒潮 惆惓惡惠.
  • 24. 惘悋愕拆 惠愕惠悋惆惘 惶忰惠 悋愆盒潮盒朝慍盒潮盒朝悛盒潮
  • 25. 惘悋愕拆 惠愕惠悋惆惘 惶忰惠 悋愆盒潮盒朝慍盒潮盒朝悛盒潮
  • 26. 慍愕愃惘 惆愕惠擯悋悋惠 忰 悋惠悽悋惡悋惺惘惆愕惠悋悋惘 拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆愕悋慍悽愀惘 惡
  • 27. 悽慍 悋慍 惆惘 忰悴 忰悋愕惡(Chamber)悋惠擧悋
  • 29. 慍愕愃惘 惆愕惠擯悋悋 惠 忰 悋惠悽悋惡 悋惺惘惆愕惠 悋悋惘 拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆愕悋慍悽愀惘 惡
  • 30. 慍愕愃惘 惆愕惠擯悋悋 惠 忰 悋惠悽悋惡 悋惺惘惆愕惠 悋悋惘 拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆愕悋慍悽愀惘 惡
  • 31. 悽愀惘 惡 慍愕 愃惘 悋 惆愕惠擯悋 悽惘惆 悋惆悋惆悋惘 惆惘 惆惘悴悴惠 拆愆悋惆 悋惆愕悋慍 拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆
  • 32. 悽愀惘 惡 慍愕 愃惘 悋 惆愕惠擯悋 悽惘惆 悋惆悋惆悋惘 惆惘 惆惘悴悴惠 拆愆悋惆 悋惆愕悋慍 拆慍愆擧 拆愕悋惆
  • 33. 悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕 拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍 ≒ 惡惆悋慍擯惆愕悋慍愕惠惘 悋惆惘 悋忰惘擧悋惘 惡惺愆惘悋慍惡惺惆惠惺惘悋慍悋愕惠悋惆 愕悽悋 悴惆惆惡悋惆悋惠慍惠悴 惡悽愆惘悋惺惠惡悋愆惆. ≒惡悋 惡悽愆惘悋惺惠惡悋慍擧 悋惠惘悋惘拆悋擧惘惆擧悋惘悋惆擧悋惠悋慍悋愕惠悋惆悋愆惘 擧惡/悋惘悋惆擧悋惠悋 愆悋悋愆惘愆惆 悋悴悋. ≒惡悋惆 惡悽愆惘悋惺惠惡悋擧悋惘惆惘愕惠惘 拆悋愆愕惠惘忰惶 惆悋愆惠悋慍悋愀悋擧愕惡 悋惘惡 惆悋悧惘愀惡悋悴悋 愆惆. 悛悋 惆悋悽惆惘擧惆愕惠惘 悋惆悵惡擧擧拆愕悋惆悋悋愕惡惘悛悴惺 悋惘惡悋慍 惡愆2/3悋他惴惘惠 惡愕惠悽惡惡悋惘悛悋惆惘 惡惠悋惠悋愆惆 拆惘拆愕悋惆惡悋惡悋惆惴惘悋悋擧愕. ≒悋慍 惡愆惶拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍 惡惆愕惠擯悋忰惴惡悋惆愆惆 拆惘拆愕悋惆 悋慍.
  • 34. 悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕 拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(拆悋愆悋悋惺) ≒擧悋擧 拆悋愆: 愆惆惆悋惆 愆悋 惆悋慍擯惆 悋 愕悋慍 愕惠惘 悋惆惘 慍擧 悋 愆悋悽惶惓惡惠 愆悋惆惠愕愀 惆愕惠擯悋 悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆 惘惡悋惘 惆惘 悋 惓惡悋惠 悋 悴惘惆. ≒愆悋 拆悋愆: ≒慍惠 悋 惡悋悋惘 愕悋慍 愕惠惘悋惆惘惠悴惠悋惆 愆悋悋惘悋惆擧悋惠悛悋 惠悴 擧 悋惘"惆愕惠惘愕 惆惘擧惆 拆悋愆悋愕惠. ≒惆惘惆悋 惺擧惘惆惆 愆悋 悋愆惘悋悋惘悋惆擧悋惠: ≒ 愕惘惡惘惆愕惠擯悋 惺擧惘惆 惶忰惠擧惆 愕惠惘(惆擧 惡慍悛 惓:B&D) ≒悋惆惘擧惠惘惆悋慍擯惆悋愕悋慍 愕惠惘(愕愕惠惡惆 惡愕惠 擧惠惘惘悋悋悋惆 擯惘惆 悋惘惘 惴惘悋惡惆 惡愕惠惆悋悽 擧 惠悋惘悋惆擧悋惠)
  • 35. 悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕 拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(愆悋拆悋愆:BD)
  • 36. 悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕 拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(愆悋拆悋愆:BD)
  • 37. 悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕 拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(愆悋拆悋愆-惡悽悋惘 悵 拆悋愆 悋惆擧悋惠惘)
  • 38. 悋惆愕惠擯悋擧悋擧愆悋 惡擧惘 拆悋愆惺擧惘惆 悋惡慍悋惘悋惺惘惆愕惠惡慍愃惘愕 拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍(惡擧拆悋愆)
  • 39. 拆慍愆拆愕悋惆悽愀惘愕悋慍惡愆悋惘 惺悋惡 悋悋盒潮盒朝慍盒潮盒朝盒潮
  • 40. 悋愕悋慍惆 愆惘擧惠 惠愕愀 悋 拆悋愆惆惘悋惘惆擧惆 惡惘惘悋 惠愕愀拆悋愆 愕愕惠悋惺惠惡悋惘 惡悽愆 拆悋愆愕惠惘(惡悋惘惘 惆愕惠擯悋悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆) 惡 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 悋 拆悋愆 惡 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 悋 拆悋愆 悋惆擧悋惠惘 悋 惡擧 Geobacillus stearothermop hilus (惡惘悋惘惺悋惠惡悋 悋愕惠悋惆悋惘惆 愕悋慍 愕惠惘) 惡惆擧悛慍/ 愆悋 悋惆擧悋惠惘 惆悋悽 惡愕惠惡惆/ (TST) 愆悋悋惆擧悋惠惘 拆悋愆惡悽悋惘 悵 (BMS) (惘惺悋惠惡悋 悋愕惠悋惆悋惘惆 惡惘悋 愕惠惘 愕悋慍) 愆悋悽惶 惓惡惠 慍擧 悋 惆悋惆 愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋 惆惘悴 悋 惓惡悋惠 悋惆擧悋惠惘 悋 惡擧 Geobacillus stearothermop hilus (惠擯 愀惘惡) 悛慍 惡惆擧 (愀惘惡 悋慍 惡惺惆悋慍惘 擧悋惘 愆惘惺 惆愕惠擯悋) 悋惆擧悋惠惘悋 拆悋愆愆悋 惡悽悋惘 悵 (BMS) 惡惆 惡愕惠 惆悋悽 (TST) 愆悋悽惶 惓惡惠 慍擧 悋 惆悋惆 愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋 惆惘悴 悋 惓惡悋惠 惡悽悋惘 愕愕惠 (惠惘悋惘忰 惘愀惡) 悋惆擧悋 悋 悋悛拆惠惘 惡擧 Geobacillus stearothermop hilus - 愆悋悽惶 惓惡惠 慍擧 悋 惆悋惆 愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋 惆惘悴 悋 惓惡悋惠 悋惆擧悋 悋 悋悛拆惠惘 惡擧 Geobacillus stearothermop hilus (悋慍惘 愀惘惡) - - 愆悋悽惶 惓惡惠 慍擧 悋 惆悋惆 愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋 惆惘悴 惓惡悋惠 愕愕惠 惡惆惘擧悋 悽惘惆擧 悋惘
  • 41. 拆悋愆惘惆悋 惆慍愕悋 愆惘擧惠惠愕愀 悋惆擧惆惘悋 悋惘惡惘 惠愕愀 拆悋愆 愕愕惠悋惺惠惡悋惘 惡悽愆 拆悋愆愕惠惘(惡悋惘惘 惆愕惠擯悋悋慍 悋愕惠悋惆) 惡 拆悋愆 拆悋愆 愆悋 悋 拆悋愆 惡 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 愆悋 拆悋愆 悋 拆悋愆 惡擧悋惆擧悋惠惘悋惘 Bacillus atrophaeus - 愆悋悽惶惓惡惠 慍擧悋 惆悋惆愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋惆惘悴 悋惓惡悋惠 悋惆擧悋惠惘悋惘 惡擧 Bacillus atrophaeus (惘慍悋愀惘 惡) - - 愆悋悽惶惓惡惠 慍擧悋 惆悋惆愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋惆惘悴 惓惡悋惠 愕愕惠 惆悋慍擯惆 愆悋 惡悋惆擧悋惠惘 悛拆擧 Geobacillus stearothermophilu s - 愆悋悽惶惓惡惠 慍擧悋 惆悋惆愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋惆惘悴 悋惓惡悋惠 悋惆擧悋惠惘 悛拆 惡擧 Geobacillus stearotherm ophilus (惘慍悋愀惘 惡) - - 愆悋悽惶惓惡惠 慍擧悋 惆悋惆愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋惆惘悴 惓惡悋惠 惠惘悋惘忰 愕愕惠 悋惘 惡 悽愆擧 悽惘惆擧 惡擧悋惆擧悋惠惘悋惘 Bacillus atrophaeus 惡悋惆擧悋惠惘 悋擧 Geobacillus stearothermophilu s 悋惆擧悋惠惘 愆悋 惆悋悽 (TST) 惡惡愕惠惆 愆悋悽惶惓惡惠 慍擧悋 惆悋惆愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋惆惘悴 悋惓惡悋惠 悋惆擧悋惠惘悋惘 惡擧 Bacillus atrophaeus 悋惆擧悋惠惘 悋 惡擧 Geobacillus stearotherm ophilus - 悋惆擧悋惠惘 惆悋悽 愆悋 惡惆惡愕惠 (TST) 愆悋悽惶惓惡惠 慍擧悋 惆悋惆愆悋 惠愕愀 愆惆 悋惆惘悴 悋惓惡悋惠 惠 愕愕惠 悋擧惘/ 悋惠擧悋
  • 42. 悋愕惠惺悋惠惡惘悋悋惘惆悋拆愕悋惆 惠惆 慍悋悋愆 惡惘悋愕惠悋惘惡悋. 悋惆愀悋惡拆慍愆拆愕悋惆惆惘惠惺悋惠惡惘悋悋惘惆悋愕惠悋惘惡悋 12惘愆悋惡悽愆悋98414悽惘25/3/87 惡悋愆惆. 惺悋惠惘悋惆愀悋惡拆慍愆拆愕悋惆悋惠慍惡悋惺惠13惘愆悋惡悽愆悋98414 悽惘25/3/87(拆愕悋惆惆惘惠悋) 悋惘 忰愀 愕悋惠 惘慍 42
  • 43. 愆悋 惠悴 悋慍 惠愆惘 惡悋
  • 44. Thanks for attention M.Khazaei Department Of Env. Health Qom Univ. Of Medical Sciences