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Hemant seminar

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This document discusses the use of plant-derived genes for insect resistance. It focuses on two proteins: cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) and alpha-amylase inhibitor. CpTI inhibits the enzyme trypsin in insect digestive systems, interfering with growth and potentially causing death. Alpha-amylase inhibitor provides resistance by targeting the amylase enzyme. The document outlines past research transferring these genes to other plants like tobacco and beans to develop insect-resistant crops without chemicals. It also discusses the need to identify new insecticidal genes and proteins from sources like bacteria to control pests in a sustainable manner over the long term.

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Submitted By Hemant Sharma Seminar On Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor And Alpha Amylase Inhibitor
introduction ? Loss of agriculture 37% pest and dieases. ? 13% insects ? Use of chemicals is harmful for plants and also for other animals and birds.. ? Future planning ¡­¡­environment friendly methods of insect resistance by breeding techniques.e.g somatic hybrid potato have resistance against potato beetle.. ? ( J. Cheng et all,2002)
Use of plant-derived genes ? Plants derived proteins protects plants from insect attack..importantly protect from those insect that attack on seeds. ? Different proteins as proteases inhibitors interfere with growth and development of larvae of insects and cause death of them. (C.A. Ryan,2000)
Hemant seminar
Cereal trypsin/-amylase ?Trypsin is a serine protease found in the digestive system of human and animals. ?An amylase is en enzyme that present in the saliva of humans and mamals where it begins the chemical process of digestion.
A Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor(CpTI) ?A trypsin inhibitor is a type of serine protease inhibitor that reduces the biological activity of trypsin. ?Trypsin is an enzyme involved in the breakdown of many different proteins including as part of digestion in plant and humans. ?As a result protease inhibitors that interfere with its activity can have an antinutritional effect.
? A trypsin inhibitor was purified from mature Cowpea seed. ? A full length cDNA encoding the trypsin inhibitor protein was isolated from a cDNA library that was construct using mRNA from developing seed. ? Tobacco protoplast were transformed with a construct composed of CaMV 35S promoter, CpTI gene and using polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated direcr gene transfer. The CpTI gene has been integrated into the plant genome , and expressed CpTI protein from transgenic plants was catalytically active.
a-Amylase inhibitors ? Common bean Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) have seed protein a.amylase (a.AI). ? a.amylase defense against insects. ? A.amylase from common bean resistance to bruchid beetle (Bruchus pisorum).
? Transfer of a.amylase gene to azuki bean protect it from 3 species of bruchids. ? Drawback: in nature Acnathoscelides obtectus and Zabrotes subfasciatus feed on those plants that produced a.amylase.having serine proteases that able to cleave a.amylase.. ? (M. Ishimoto,1996)
New insecticidal genes ? Struggle for identification of new insecticidal products. ? Usually plant samples¡­¡­.tropical plants and bacteria of different physiology stages. ? B.thuringensis produced a protein Vip3A against Lepidoptera e.g. cutworms (corn pest). ? (J.J. Estruch et all,2003) ? Streptomyces secretes cholesterol oxydase against boll weevil. (H.-J. Cho et all,2005) ? These are new interesting sources for engineering resistance.
conclusions: ? Engineering crops with insecticidal protein genes is one of first major projects in plant biotechnology. ? The value of such technology to the Seed biotechnology industry, the farmer, the environment and the consumer is obvious. ? Insect-resistant ? crops could reduce the cost, time and ? efforts spent protecting crops from insects. ? Environment friendly¡­ ? Continuing ? research on new sources of resistance is essential ? for the long term control of insect pests.
? Continuing research on new sources of resistance is essential for the long term control of insect pests. ? In a first step, studies on the expression and potential of the new insecticidal genes can be performed in model plants such as tobacco. ? In a second step, the selected gene(s) must be introduced into the target crop. ? In another step, field trials must be performed in different locations and for several years. (M.O. Santos et all,2006)
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Hemant seminar

  • 1. Submitted By Hemant Sharma Seminar On Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor And Alpha Amylase Inhibitor
  • 2. introduction ? Loss of agriculture 37% pest and dieases. ? 13% insects ? Use of chemicals is harmful for plants and also for other animals and birds.. ? Future planning ¡­¡­environment friendly methods of insect resistance by breeding techniques.e.g somatic hybrid potato have resistance against potato beetle.. ? ( J. Cheng et all,2002)
  • 3. Use of plant-derived genes ? Plants derived proteins protects plants from insect attack..importantly protect from those insect that attack on seeds. ? Different proteins as proteases inhibitors interfere with growth and development of larvae of insects and cause death of them. (C.A. Ryan,2000)
  • 5. Cereal trypsin/-amylase ?Trypsin is a serine protease found in the digestive system of human and animals. ?An amylase is en enzyme that present in the saliva of humans and mamals where it begins the chemical process of digestion.
  • 6. A Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor(CpTI) ?A trypsin inhibitor is a type of serine protease inhibitor that reduces the biological activity of trypsin. ?Trypsin is an enzyme involved in the breakdown of many different proteins including as part of digestion in plant and humans. ?As a result protease inhibitors that interfere with its activity can have an antinutritional effect.
  • 7. ? A trypsin inhibitor was purified from mature Cowpea seed. ? A full length cDNA encoding the trypsin inhibitor protein was isolated from a cDNA library that was construct using mRNA from developing seed. ? Tobacco protoplast were transformed with a construct composed of CaMV 35S promoter, CpTI gene and using polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated direcr gene transfer. The CpTI gene has been integrated into the plant genome , and expressed CpTI protein from transgenic plants was catalytically active.
  • 8. a-Amylase inhibitors ? Common bean Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) have seed protein a.amylase (a.AI). ? a.amylase defense against insects. ? A.amylase from common bean resistance to bruchid beetle (Bruchus pisorum).
  • 9. ? Transfer of a.amylase gene to azuki bean protect it from 3 species of bruchids. ? Drawback: in nature Acnathoscelides obtectus and Zabrotes subfasciatus feed on those plants that produced a.amylase.having serine proteases that able to cleave a.amylase.. ? (M. Ishimoto,1996)
  • 10. New insecticidal genes ? Struggle for identification of new insecticidal products. ? Usually plant samples¡­¡­.tropical plants and bacteria of different physiology stages. ? B.thuringensis produced a protein Vip3A against Lepidoptera e.g. cutworms (corn pest). ? (J.J. Estruch et all,2003) ? Streptomyces secretes cholesterol oxydase against boll weevil. (H.-J. Cho et all,2005) ? These are new interesting sources for engineering resistance.
  • 11. conclusions: ? Engineering crops with insecticidal protein genes is one of first major projects in plant biotechnology. ? The value of such technology to the Seed biotechnology industry, the farmer, the environment and the consumer is obvious. ? Insect-resistant ? crops could reduce the cost, time and ? efforts spent protecting crops from insects. ? Environment friendly¡­ ? Continuing ? research on new sources of resistance is essential ? for the long term control of insect pests.
  • 12. ? Continuing research on new sources of resistance is essential for the long term control of insect pests. ? In a first step, studies on the expression and potential of the new insecticidal genes can be performed in model plants such as tobacco. ? In a second step, the selected gene(s) must be introduced into the target crop. ? In another step, field trials must be performed in different locations and for several years. (M.O. Santos et all,2006)