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HERBS, FOODS AND
PHYTOCHEMICALS
Introduction

herbs, food and phytochemicals

CONTENTS
 Herbs.
 Food.
 Functional foods.
 Bioactive components.
 Phytochemicals.
 Terminologies.

HERBS
 Green leafy parts of plants
 They lack woody stems
 Mostly used for:
 Flavoring
 Medicinal purposes

CYCLOOXYGENASE ENZYME
 Acts as a catalyst in case of infectious reactions
 Herbs inhibit this enzyme

FOOD
“Materials, raw or processed or formulated that are
consumed orally by humans or animals for growth,
health, satisfaction, pleasure and satisfaction of social
needs,”

FUNCTIONAL FOODS
“Any food that provides additional health benefits
besides providing basic physiological functions.”

CONT.
 Provides basic nutrition
 provides physiological health benefits
 Includes:
 Grapes
 Berries
 Tomatoes
 Garlic
 Onion

DOSE SPECIFIC
 Food is not toxic, the dose makes it toxic.
 E.g. more than one pinch of turmeric.

BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS
 Produce disease preventing effect in
phytochemicals.
 The specific component in the food that play role in
health benefits.

DEFINITION
“Bioactive components are those that have the ability
to interact with one or more components of living
tissues, providing a wide range of health benefits.”

EXAMPLE
 Lycopene:
 Bioactive component of tomato
 Anti-oxidant

CONT.
 Allyl Sulphide:
 Bioactive component of garlic/ onion family
 Causes blood thinning
 Prevent CVD’s
 Anti-cancer effects

CONT.
 Anthocyanin:
 Present in berries.
 Antioxidant.

PHYTOCHEMICALS
 Chemicals extracted from plants.
 Non-nutritive components.
 Present in plant based diets.
 Exert disease preventive effects.

CLASSES OF PHYTOCHEMICALS
 Triterpenoids:
 Polyterpenoids
 Carotenoids
 Phenolic acids:
 Flavenoids
 Tannins
 Liganins
 Xanthones

CONT.
 Alkanoids:
 Betanins
 Glucosinulates
 Amino acids
 Purines

TERMINOLOGIES
 Antispasmodic:
 To give relief against muscle spasm.
 Carminative:
 Flatulence relief.
 Diaphoretic:
 Heavily sweating.
 Analgesic:
 Painkillers.

CONT.
 Aphrodisiac:
 Increase sexual drive.
 Antiseptic:
 Germ killers.
 Deodorant:
 Emit bad odors.
 Fragrance purpose.
 Lypolytic:
 Causes breakdown of fat

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herbs, food and phytochemicals

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