Heredity 180329095039
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This document discusses genetic mutations including: 1. Gene mutations such as point mutations and frame shift mutations. 2. Chromosomal mutations including deletions, duplications, inversions, insertions, translocations, and non-disjunction. 3. Several genetic disorders caused by specific mutations like Cri du chat syndrome caused by deletions and Down's syndrome caused by non-disjunction.
Heredity 180329095039
- 2. Central Dogma DNA RNA ProteinsTranscription Translation
- 3. Superheroes
- 4. MUTATIONS Changes in the Genetic Code
- 5. MUTATION A natural process that changes the DNA structure of an organism, resulting to new characteristics Changes in Genetic Code
- 6. Causes of mutation 1. Spontaneous mutation something went wrong in the process of replicating or forming the gametes 2. Induced mutations environment: radiation , chemicals, high temperatures, microbial infections
- 7. Types of Mutation 1. Gene mutation only a single gene is affected which happens during the replication of DNA. 2. Chromosomal mutations any change in the number or structure of a chromosome.
- 8. Mutation Mutation Gene Mutation Point mutation Frame shift mutation Chromosomal Mutation Deletion Duplication Insertion Inversion Translocation Non- disjunction
- 9. 1. Gene Mutation 1.1. Point Mutation An incorrect nucleotide is substituted for the correct nucleotide
- 11. Disorder
- 12. 1. Gene Mutation 1.2. Frame shift Mutation Involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence that changes codons. The shift may produce different amino acids and proteins.
- 15. Mutation Mutation Gene Mutation Point mutation Frame shift mutation Chromosomal Mutation Deletion Duplication Insertion Inversion Translocation Non- disjunction
- 18. 2. Chromosomal Mutation 2.1. Deletion One or more gene is removed.
- 24. 2. Chromosomal Mutation 2.2. Duplication A segment of genes is copied twice and added to the chromosome in duplication
- 28. 2. Chromosomal Mutation 2.3. Inversion When a segment of genes flip end-to-end on the chromosome, inversion occurs.
- 31. 2. Chromosomal Mutation 2.4. Insertion A portion of chromosome breaks off, and attaches to another chromosome
- 32. 2. Chromosomal Mutation 2.5. Translocation Genes are swapped with another chromosome.
- 35. 2. Chromosomal Mutation 2.5. Non-disjunction During anaphase II in meiosis, homologous chromosomes fail to separate.
- 41. Other Genetic Disorder Klinefelters Syndrome r
- 44. Other Genetic Disorder Turners Syndrome
- 47. Diagnosing Genetic Disorders There are several ways to determine whether a child will have a genetic disorder Two main ways to diagnose: Analysis of fetal cells Amniocentesis Chorionic villus biopsy Imaging techniques Ultrasonography (computerized image) Fetoscopy (direct observation)
- 49. Mutation Mutation Gene Mutation Point mutation Frame shift mutation Chromosomal Mutation Deletion Duplication Insertion Inversion Translocation Non- disjunction
- 50. Determine the Chromosomal mutations in the following genetic disorder: 1. Cri du chat 2. Jacobsen syndrome 3. Downs syndrome 4. Edwards syndrome 5. Turners syndrome