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Herren_Ch11_Agriculture and Food Courses

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Forest Science Chapter 11
Introduction • One of the largest industries in agriculture is forestry • Trees are grown and managed as a crop • Saw dust is used to make sheets of building material called pressed board • From trees come thousands of different types of products that are manufactured using wood fiber
Natural Forest CLASSIFICATIONS OF TIMBER • Hardwood • Broadleaf deciduous tree • Sheds its leaves in the winter • Softwood • Cone-bearing conifer • Evergreen tree
Natural Forest REGIONS AND TREES • Hardwoods • Upper regions of the Northeast • Throughout the Midwest • The upper regions of the South
Natural Forest REGIONS AND TREES • Softwoods • Coastal plains of the South • Rocky Mountain region • West Coast, gigantic softwoods • Douglas fir • Spruce • Redwood trees
Forest Succession OVERVIEW • Certain types or species of trees dominate a region • Natural process called succession • All compete for water, nutrients, and sunlight • Eventually trees shade the other plants • Trees eventually form a canopy
Forest Succession OVERVIEW • Succession is a very slow process • May take 200 years • Climax-vegetation stage • One species becomes dominant • Unlikely that other species will overtake the dominant one
The Forest Ecosystem OVERVIEW • Forests are part of our ecosystem • Instrumental in the support of life on the planet • Provide oxygen • Remove air pollution
The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND OXYGEN • Young, growing trees produce more oxygen • An acre of healthy trees • Produce 4,000 pounds of wood • Use 5,889 pounds of carbon dioxide • Give off 4,280 pounds of oxygen
The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND CLEAN WATER • Roots of trees • Prevent water from running rapidly down a slope • Water soaks into the ground • Recharges streams, lakes, and wells • Helps keep soil in place
The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND CLEAN WATER • Muddy lakes and streams • Prevent fish and aquatic life from growing • Lower our supply of clean drinking water
The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND HABITATS • Forests provide habitat for animals and other plants • Many species of plant life live beneath canopy • Sheltered from direct sunlight
The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND HABITATS • Many species of wildlife depend on the trees for their existence • Different types of forests support different types of wildlife • Without this habitat, certain species would become extinct
The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND HABITATS • Federal government • Established laws and regulations • Provide protection for animal and plant species • Apply to loggers and timber companies • Production and harvesting of timber
The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND RECREATION • Millions of acres of land are set aside by state and federal governments • Protect the natural beauty of our forests • Favorite pastimes • Hiking • Fishing • Hunting, and camping
The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND JOBS • Large number of jobs are associated with the forestry industry • Billions of board feet of lumber are grown, harvested, and processed each year • Supplies us with essential products
The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND JOBS • Gigantic workforce • Caring for the trees • Removing them from the forest • Converting the logs into finished products
Wood-Fiber Production OVERVIEW • Planting, management, and harvesting • At first, Americans thought the supply of timber was inexhaustible • People realized it was possible to run out of forests • Led to measures to manage timber harvesting
Wood-Fiber Production FEDERAL FOREST RESERVE ACT • Passed in 1891 • Gave the president power to set aside timberlands • Large tracts of land were designated as federal timberlands • National Forest Service was established
Wood-Fiber Production LEGISLATION OVER LAST 100 YEARS • Some land was set aside as being publicly owned • National parks • Wilderness areas • Public timberland
Wood-Fiber Production TIMBER INDUSTRY AS AN AGRICULTURE ENTERPRISE • Trees are planted, cultivated, and harvested • Managed much like other agricultural crops • Forests can be sustained • Much of the timber industry has moved to the Southeast
Wood-Fiber Production TIMBER INDUSTRY AS AN AGRICULTURE ENTERPRISE • Northwest • Seedlings to harvestable timber takes up to 100 years • Produces higher-quality lumber for the construction industry
Wood-Fiber Production TIMBER INDUSTRY AS AN AGRICULTURE ENTERPRISE • Southeast • Grows seedlings to harvestable trees in as little as 15 years • Uses a large portion of trees for paper or plywood core material
Tree Farms OVERVIEW • Tree farm operations • Planted in rows and given care • All harvested at the proper time • New trees are then planted and the crop starts over again
Tree Farms THE PROCESS • Tree farming begins in the nursery • Many seedlings are hybrids • Benefit from heterosis, or hybrid vigor • Grow more rapidly • Succession is also controlled by thinning the trees
Summary • Forestry is a large part of the agricultural industry • Trees are grown and harvested as a crop • If we continue to replenish the forests, we will always have wood to use • At the same time, we can enjoy the beauty of green forests

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Herren_Ch11_Agriculture and Food Courses

  • 2. Introduction • One of the largest industries in agriculture is forestry • Trees are grown and managed as a crop • Saw dust is used to make sheets of building material called pressed board • From trees come thousands of different types of products that are manufactured using wood fiber
  • 3. Natural Forest CLASSIFICATIONS OF TIMBER • Hardwood • Broadleaf deciduous tree • Sheds its leaves in the winter • Softwood • Cone-bearing conifer • Evergreen tree
  • 4. Natural Forest REGIONS AND TREES • Hardwoods • Upper regions of the Northeast • Throughout the Midwest • The upper regions of the South
  • 5. Natural Forest REGIONS AND TREES • Softwoods • Coastal plains of the South • Rocky Mountain region • West Coast, gigantic softwoods • Douglas fir • Spruce • Redwood trees
  • 6. Forest Succession OVERVIEW • Certain types or species of trees dominate a region • Natural process called succession • All compete for water, nutrients, and sunlight • Eventually trees shade the other plants • Trees eventually form a canopy
  • 7. Forest Succession OVERVIEW • Succession is a very slow process • May take 200 years • Climax-vegetation stage • One species becomes dominant • Unlikely that other species will overtake the dominant one
  • 8. The Forest Ecosystem OVERVIEW • Forests are part of our ecosystem • Instrumental in the support of life on the planet • Provide oxygen • Remove air pollution
  • 9. The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND OXYGEN • Young, growing trees produce more oxygen • An acre of healthy trees • Produce 4,000 pounds of wood • Use 5,889 pounds of carbon dioxide • Give off 4,280 pounds of oxygen
  • 10. The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND CLEAN WATER • Roots of trees • Prevent water from running rapidly down a slope • Water soaks into the ground • Recharges streams, lakes, and wells • Helps keep soil in place
  • 11. The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND CLEAN WATER • Muddy lakes and streams • Prevent fish and aquatic life from growing • Lower our supply of clean drinking water
  • 12. The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND HABITATS • Forests provide habitat for animals and other plants • Many species of plant life live beneath canopy • Sheltered from direct sunlight
  • 13. The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND HABITATS • Many species of wildlife depend on the trees for their existence • Different types of forests support different types of wildlife • Without this habitat, certain species would become extinct
  • 14. The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND HABITATS • Federal government • Established laws and regulations • Provide protection for animal and plant species • Apply to loggers and timber companies • Production and harvesting of timber
  • 15. The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND RECREATION • Millions of acres of land are set aside by state and federal governments • Protect the natural beauty of our forests • Favorite pastimes • Hiking • Fishing • Hunting, and camping
  • 16. The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND JOBS • Large number of jobs are associated with the forestry industry • Billions of board feet of lumber are grown, harvested, and processed each year • Supplies us with essential products
  • 17. The Forest Ecosystem FORESTS AND JOBS • Gigantic workforce • Caring for the trees • Removing them from the forest • Converting the logs into finished products
  • 18. Wood-Fiber Production OVERVIEW • Planting, management, and harvesting • At first, Americans thought the supply of timber was inexhaustible • People realized it was possible to run out of forests • Led to measures to manage timber harvesting
  • 19. Wood-Fiber Production FEDERAL FOREST RESERVE ACT • Passed in 1891 • Gave the president power to set aside timberlands • Large tracts of land were designated as federal timberlands • National Forest Service was established
  • 20. Wood-Fiber Production LEGISLATION OVER LAST 100 YEARS • Some land was set aside as being publicly owned • National parks • Wilderness areas • Public timberland
  • 21. Wood-Fiber Production TIMBER INDUSTRY AS AN AGRICULTURE ENTERPRISE • Trees are planted, cultivated, and harvested • Managed much like other agricultural crops • Forests can be sustained • Much of the timber industry has moved to the Southeast
  • 22. Wood-Fiber Production TIMBER INDUSTRY AS AN AGRICULTURE ENTERPRISE • Northwest • Seedlings to harvestable timber takes up to 100 years • Produces higher-quality lumber for the construction industry
  • 23. Wood-Fiber Production TIMBER INDUSTRY AS AN AGRICULTURE ENTERPRISE • Southeast • Grows seedlings to harvestable trees in as little as 15 years • Uses a large portion of trees for paper or plywood core material
  • 24. Tree Farms OVERVIEW • Tree farm operations • Planted in rows and given care • All harvested at the proper time • New trees are then planted and the crop starts over again
  • 25. Tree Farms THE PROCESS • Tree farming begins in the nursery • Many seedlings are hybrids • Benefit from heterosis, or hybrid vigor • Grow more rapidly • Succession is also controlled by thinning the trees
  • 26. Summary • Forestry is a large part of the agricultural industry • Trees are grown and harvested as a crop • If we continue to replenish the forests, we will always have wood to use • At the same time, we can enjoy the beauty of green forests