Extending the Season for Raspberries and Blackberries in Cold Climates
- 1. Extending the Season for Raspberries and Blackberries in Cold Climates
- 4. Fall raspberriesfruit on theirprimocanes
- 5. Typical fall raspberry season in the North% of total yieldFrostWeeks after August 20th
- 6. Prices range from $2.00 - $13.00/lb
- 7. Can we extend the season of raspberries to take advantage of higher prices?
- 8. Accelerate development and fruiting
- 9. Yield (kg/ha)Days after August 10th
- 10. California
- 11. Advantages in the NortheastReduction in wind damageProtection from the rainSeason extension late
- 12. Strategy #1:Plant late cultivars or delay harvest, protect fruit, and capitalize on high prices
- 14. Seven cultivars and selectionsHeritage, Caroline, Autumn Britten, Josephine, NY 01.63, NY01.64, NY01.65
- 15. Caroline
- 16. Cultivar Yields Under Tunnelsg/12 ft plot/wkHeritageNY63CarolineJosephineA. BrittenNY65170 g per ½ pint5 plants per plotWeeks (Aug 22 = 1)
- 19. Was also the favorite for flavorJosephineHeritage
- 20. TreatmentsFive manipulations of Heritage (applied in the second year)Straw mulchMowingEarly pinchingLate pinchingControl
- 21. First year at planting –light mulch for establishment
- 22. Beginning of treatments:Middle of February of first yearOld canes are cut to the ground.Here we removed snow on certain plots to freeze the soil.
- 23. After several days, mulch is applied to keep soil cold
- 24. No mulchMulch
- 25. UnmowedMowed
- 26. UnmowedMowed
- 27. Pinching
- 28. PinchedUnpinched
- 29. High tunnel prior to covering
- 30. Mid-August
- 34. October 20, 2005
- 35. High tunnels are a haven for bumblebees
- 36. Mid-October
- 37. November 5, 2005
- 38. Fruit quality on November 5, 2005
- 39. Cultural manipulations of Heritage 2005Normal season ends hereg/plotWeeks after Aug. 22
- 40. 2006 data
- 41. Yield = kg per 3.75 m or 12 ft plot. 20 kg/plot is 21,000 lbs/acre
- 42. Costs per tunnel (2 yrs)
- 43. Production and HarvestingYield = 4,000 half-pints X $2.50 = $10,000
- 45. Equivalents20,000 lbs/acre in tunnels vs. 2,000 in fieldrow spacing (2X)harvest season (2.5X)physiology (2X)Price is $5.00/pt in fall vs. $2.50 in seasonGross revenues: $150,000 per acre equivalent
- 46. Strategy #2:Early primocane-fruiting raspberry productionEarly covering of the tunnelCovering individual rowsRow coverPlastic
- 47. FieldHigh tunnel
- 48. Early season extension of primocane-fruiting Heritage
- 49. Yield comparisonApplying the plastic in September for extended fall harvestApplying the plastic in early spring for accelerated harvest2,860 half-pints per tunnel2,855 half-pints per tunnel
- 50. Heritage Cane Management Study 2008
- 51. Heritage Cane Management Study 2008
- 52. Strategy #3:Overwinter tender blackberries and raspberries in a high tunnel
- 56. Blackberry Variety TrialPlanting established in 2006. Chester added in 2007.Varieties: Ouachita, Triple Crown, Chester, Doyle.Preplant prep – compost amendment.Dormant cuttings.Two replications (4 plants, 16 ft row)Yield, berry weight, % marketable fruit data collected for field and HT production.HT blackberries girdled by rabbits during winter 2009 – no data. Exclusion fencing added in 2010; no damage, plants performed well.
- 63. 2010
- 65. Variety Trial – Yield by Date 2010Weight (kg)**mean weight, 2 replications (4 plants, 16 ft row)
- 66. Variety Trial – Yield 2010*mean cumulative yield for 2 replications (8 plants, 32 ft row)
- 67. 2010 Estimated Pounds per AcreWeight (lb)*Blackberry Variety*mean weight, 2 replications (4 plants, 16 ft row)
- 68. Yield per tunnel per year (half pints)
- 69. Costs Per Tunnel (2 yrs)
- 70. Productionand Harvesting (tunnel)*$0.50/half-pint + containers and lids
- 71. Economics (tunnel)*excluding marketing costs
- 72. Economics (tunnel)*excluding marketing costs
- 73. Scotland
- 77. Strategy #4:Grow primocane-fruting blackberries under tunnels to obtain a fall harvest
- 81. Prime JanPlanting established in 2007.Plants were manipulated in 2009 with 1 tying and 2 tipping treatments to determine effects on yield and timing of fruiting.Four replications (3 plants,12 ft row ). Treatments:Early Pinch – plants soft pinched/ tipped at 1m.Late Pinch – plants soft pinched/ tipped at 1.5m (July just before flowering)Tying – Floricanes were tied laterally to wire (1.5m) just prior to floweringControl – untreated
- 85. 2009 Prime Jan Yield by Harvest Date
- 86. Prime Jan – Yield 2009
- 87. Primocane vs. floricane blackberries(lbs/tunnel)
- 88. Trellising SystemsDesigning trellising systems for tight spaces that are exceptionally strong yet flexible.
- 97. Wind damage
- 98. Snow damage
- 100. ConclusionsRaspberries and blackberries can be manipulated in different ways to fruit over a very long period of timeTunnels, coupled with cultural manipulations, can dramatically extend the season and increase yields, even in cold climates.
- 101. High Tunnel Raspberries andBlackberriesDepartment of Horticulture Publication No.47 (2007)Authors: Cathy Heidenreich, Marvin Pritts, Mary Jo Kelly, and Kathy DemchakOn line at: http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/berry.html
- 102. Questions?Dr. Marvin Pritts, Professor and ChairCornell University Department of Horticulture607-255-1778mpp3@cornell.edu