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VOZILA NA HIBRIDNI POGON
O.. MILENA PAVLOVI BARILI 8/2
HIBRIDNA VOZILA
 Hibridna vozila, preciznije vozila na hibridni pogon su,
kao 邸to im i ime govori, kombinacija najboljih osobina
motora sa unutra邸njim sagorevanja i elektromotora.
S jedne strane imamo SUS motor (motor sa
unutra邸njim sagorevanjem) gde je dopuna goriva
mnogo br転a, a autonomija kretanja sa tim gorivom
mnogo vea. Takva vozila su zasad jo邸 mnogo
jeftinija, ali videemo do kada e to tako biti.
PREDNOSTI I MANE
 Klasini dizel ili benzinski motor je zapravo toplotna ma邸ina, jer 60% do 65% odsto
energije koju on proizvede ide kao toplota u vazduh (ili grejanje kabine) a ostatak u
pogon vozila. Kod elektrinih vozila iskoristivost energije goriva ide i do 98%.
 Nadalje, elektromotori nemaju problem sa hladnim startom (vo転nja zimi), servisnog
odr転avanja skoro pa i nema tako da su tu tro邸kovi vlasnika mnogo manji.
 Mane su tehnike prirode, morate da u vozilu naete mesta za (velike) baterije, te
baterije su te邸ke i skupe, i moraju da se zasebno recikliraju.
 Autonomija kretanja vozila je ovde mnogo manja od "benzinske"  do 300
kilometara prema navodima proizvoaa ali realno je to 150 do 180 preenih
kilometara. I na kraju, ili na poetku, dolazi infrastruktura mre転e stanica za punjenja,
od koje zavisi i komfor i efikasnost vo転nje.
KAKO FUNKCIONIE HIBRID?
Hibridno vozilo ima dva motora, jedan klasian benzinac ili dizela邸 a drugi elektromotor. Tu dolazi do razlike kada se koji
motor koristi. Kod "mikro hibrida" elektromotor se koristi samo za deo kretanja s kojim klasian motor ima velikih
"problema"  sa startom, a dopunjavanje baterije se vr邸i kod koenja  tzv. rekuperacijom kada se kinetika energija
kretanja vozila koristi za stvaranje struje.
To uo邸te nije beznaajno, jer rekuperacija kod kondenzatorskih vozila donosi ak 30% ukupne energije koja se tro邸i. Kod
baterija je upola manji, jer se one te転e pune
Kod mikrohibrida struja se jo邸 koristi za manje potro邸ae, tipa radio ureaja. Kod srednjih hibrida (mild) elektromotor ima
mnogo veu ulogu i ve tu imate mogunost da automobil potpuno ide na baterije, bez upotrebe SUS motora.
Najbolji primer toga je kod rodonaelnika hibrida Tojote sa 'sinerd転i drajv' sistemom rednoparalelnog hibrida. Voza tu ne
utie koji e motor u nekom trenutku biti u pogonu, ve to odreuje algoritam prema proraunima 邸ta je u kojoj situaciji
potrebno.
Tako e kod starta iz mesta ili u kreni-stani gradskoj vo転nji raditi elektromotor, a kod vo転nje vee brzine i na otvorenom
putu SUS motor. Eventualno, voza mo転e da izabere re転im elektrovo転nje pritiskom na dugme, ako ide na krau relaciju gde
je normalnije da ide na struju i ako je baterija dovoljno puna.
HIBRIDNA_VOZILA.pptx
TA JE BUDUNOST?
Elektrino vozilo sa baterijama je budunost, bar ona bli転a. Tojota, Hjundaji i delimino Mercedes, rade na tehnologijI upotrebe vodonika
kao energenta. Da, vodonik preko gorivnih elija proizvodi energiju u samom automobilu koju potom koristi elektromotor.
Tehnologija vodnika se tek razvija i trenutno je proizvoditi vodonik pet puta skuplje nego benzin. Zatim, tu je transport veoma zahtevan,
nije jednostavno kao usuti u cisternu i voziti. Koriste se posebna baterijska vozila i mora biti komprimovan.
Ali to je svakako budunost jer ima jedan ogroman plus  vodonik je najzastupljenija materija u svemiru, samo 邸to je nema elementarno
ve u nekom jedinjenju iz koga ga morate izvui kori邸enjem neke energije.
Dosad je to bilo energijom iz neekolo邸kih izvora, (dobijen iz metana se koristi za izvlaenje sumpora iz nafte) a sada se prelazi na
vetroenergiju i druge prihvatljive izvore energije za proces elektrolize iz vode.
Aktuelne prognoze su da do 2035. godine vodonik nee masovnije ui u proizvodnju ali posle toga bi ve mogao da bude dostupno gorivo.
Pogotovo za masovne transporte  brodove, avione i 転eleznicu.
Do tada, tu su  hibridi.
HVALA!
AC RAI

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HIBRIDNA_VOZILA.pptx

  • 1. VOZILA NA HIBRIDNI POGON O.. MILENA PAVLOVI BARILI 8/2
  • 2. HIBRIDNA VOZILA Hibridna vozila, preciznije vozila na hibridni pogon su, kao 邸to im i ime govori, kombinacija najboljih osobina motora sa unutra邸njim sagorevanja i elektromotora. S jedne strane imamo SUS motor (motor sa unutra邸njim sagorevanjem) gde je dopuna goriva mnogo br転a, a autonomija kretanja sa tim gorivom mnogo vea. Takva vozila su zasad jo邸 mnogo jeftinija, ali videemo do kada e to tako biti.
  • 3. PREDNOSTI I MANE Klasini dizel ili benzinski motor je zapravo toplotna ma邸ina, jer 60% do 65% odsto energije koju on proizvede ide kao toplota u vazduh (ili grejanje kabine) a ostatak u pogon vozila. Kod elektrinih vozila iskoristivost energije goriva ide i do 98%. Nadalje, elektromotori nemaju problem sa hladnim startom (vo転nja zimi), servisnog odr転avanja skoro pa i nema tako da su tu tro邸kovi vlasnika mnogo manji. Mane su tehnike prirode, morate da u vozilu naete mesta za (velike) baterije, te baterije su te邸ke i skupe, i moraju da se zasebno recikliraju. Autonomija kretanja vozila je ovde mnogo manja od "benzinske" do 300 kilometara prema navodima proizvoaa ali realno je to 150 do 180 preenih kilometara. I na kraju, ili na poetku, dolazi infrastruktura mre転e stanica za punjenja, od koje zavisi i komfor i efikasnost vo転nje.
  • 4. KAKO FUNKCIONIE HIBRID? Hibridno vozilo ima dva motora, jedan klasian benzinac ili dizela邸 a drugi elektromotor. Tu dolazi do razlike kada se koji motor koristi. Kod "mikro hibrida" elektromotor se koristi samo za deo kretanja s kojim klasian motor ima velikih "problema" sa startom, a dopunjavanje baterije se vr邸i kod koenja tzv. rekuperacijom kada se kinetika energija kretanja vozila koristi za stvaranje struje. To uo邸te nije beznaajno, jer rekuperacija kod kondenzatorskih vozila donosi ak 30% ukupne energije koja se tro邸i. Kod baterija je upola manji, jer se one te転e pune Kod mikrohibrida struja se jo邸 koristi za manje potro邸ae, tipa radio ureaja. Kod srednjih hibrida (mild) elektromotor ima mnogo veu ulogu i ve tu imate mogunost da automobil potpuno ide na baterije, bez upotrebe SUS motora. Najbolji primer toga je kod rodonaelnika hibrida Tojote sa 'sinerd転i drajv' sistemom rednoparalelnog hibrida. Voza tu ne utie koji e motor u nekom trenutku biti u pogonu, ve to odreuje algoritam prema proraunima 邸ta je u kojoj situaciji potrebno. Tako e kod starta iz mesta ili u kreni-stani gradskoj vo転nji raditi elektromotor, a kod vo転nje vee brzine i na otvorenom putu SUS motor. Eventualno, voza mo転e da izabere re転im elektrovo転nje pritiskom na dugme, ako ide na krau relaciju gde je normalnije da ide na struju i ako je baterija dovoljno puna.
  • 6. TA JE BUDUNOST? Elektrino vozilo sa baterijama je budunost, bar ona bli転a. Tojota, Hjundaji i delimino Mercedes, rade na tehnologijI upotrebe vodonika kao energenta. Da, vodonik preko gorivnih elija proizvodi energiju u samom automobilu koju potom koristi elektromotor. Tehnologija vodnika se tek razvija i trenutno je proizvoditi vodonik pet puta skuplje nego benzin. Zatim, tu je transport veoma zahtevan, nije jednostavno kao usuti u cisternu i voziti. Koriste se posebna baterijska vozila i mora biti komprimovan. Ali to je svakako budunost jer ima jedan ogroman plus vodonik je najzastupljenija materija u svemiru, samo 邸to je nema elementarno ve u nekom jedinjenju iz koga ga morate izvui kori邸enjem neke energije. Dosad je to bilo energijom iz neekolo邸kih izvora, (dobijen iz metana se koristi za izvlaenje sumpora iz nafte) a sada se prelazi na vetroenergiju i druge prihvatljive izvore energije za proces elektrolize iz vode. Aktuelne prognoze su da do 2035. godine vodonik nee masovnije ui u proizvodnju ali posle toga bi ve mogao da bude dostupno gorivo. Pogotovo za masovne transporte brodove, avione i 転eleznicu. Do tada, tu su hibridi.