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MODULE 3 - RUNOFF
Run-off
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
Hydrograph Analysis :
A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time, at a particular
point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow is typically expressed in
cubic meters.
The runoff = Surface runoff + sub- surface runoff+ Surface groundwater runoffor base
flow.
Since all these are very complex phenomena a basin may not produce two exact
hydrographs with two similar precipitations
Nor two basins of the same drainage areas proeneduce the same flood hydrographs with
similar precipitations.
Since hydrographs are generated from runoff due to rainfall its is called storm
hydrograph. If it has single storm then it will be single peaked hydrograph. If it has
multiple storm then it will be multi-peaked hydrograph.
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
Time parameters used in hydrograph analysis:
The most commonly used time parameters are
1. The time of concentration (tC),
2. Lag time (tL),
3. Time to peak (tP),
4. Effective time duration (tre),
5. Recession time (Tr),
6. Time base of hydrograph (Tb),
all of which, are regarded as fundamental input to event©\based methods when
peak discharges and runoff volumes need to be estimated in ungauged
catchments
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
Base flow Seperation methods:
To separate the base flow and the direct runoff in a single peaked storm
hydrograph there are 3 popular methods as follows:
- Straight Line method
- Two lines method
- Curves extension method
Flood Hydrograph (Total runoff = direct runoff +base flow)
Direct runoff Hydrograph (Direct runoff = Total runoff - base flow)
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx
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HIE-Module 3 (1).pptx

  • 1. MODULE 3 - RUNOFF
  • 13. Hydrograph Analysis : A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time, at a particular point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow is typically expressed in cubic meters. The runoff = Surface runoff + sub- surface runoff+ Surface groundwater runoffor base flow. Since all these are very complex phenomena a basin may not produce two exact hydrographs with two similar precipitations Nor two basins of the same drainage areas proeneduce the same flood hydrographs with similar precipitations. Since hydrographs are generated from runoff due to rainfall its is called storm hydrograph. If it has single storm then it will be single peaked hydrograph. If it has multiple storm then it will be multi-peaked hydrograph.
  • 19. Time parameters used in hydrograph analysis: The most commonly used time parameters are 1. The time of concentration (tC), 2. Lag time (tL), 3. Time to peak (tP), 4. Effective time duration (tre), 5. Recession time (Tr), 6. Time base of hydrograph (Tb), all of which, are regarded as fundamental input to event©\based methods when peak discharges and runoff volumes need to be estimated in ungauged catchments
  • 21. Base flow Seperation methods: To separate the base flow and the direct runoff in a single peaked storm hydrograph there are 3 popular methods as follows: - Straight Line method - Two lines method - Curves extension method Flood Hydrograph (Total runoff = direct runoff +base flow) Direct runoff Hydrograph (Direct runoff = Total runoff - base flow)