High performance anode materials for Li ion battery

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This document summarizes research on developing a nanohybrid material for lithium-ion battery anodes. The researchers prepared a composite of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes and titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene sheets. They treated the composite with n-butyllithium to convert the MoS2 from the semiconducting 2H phase to the more conductive 1T phase. Characterization showed the treated composite had a distinct surface morphology with more of the 1T metallic phase of MoS2. Electrochemical testing found the treated composite delivered a higher lithium-ion storage capacity and better cycling stability compared to the untreated composite, due to its enhanced electrical

Advance Functional Nanohybrid Material Laboratory
Zaheer Ahmad
Group 1
I.D# 2022121044
Inorganic Chemistry

High performance anode materials for Li ion battery

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Preparation of composite
3. Results and discussion
i). Morphological Analysis
ii). Electrochemical Measurements
4. Conclusions

1. Introduction:
 Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the
most widely used battery system.
 Conventional graphite anodes exhibit a rather
small Li storage capacity far from satisfaction.
 Extensive research has been conducted on
various high-specific-capacity anode materials,
such as silicon, metal oxides, and two-
dimensional (2D) TMDs to further improve the
performance of LIBs.

Introduction:
As a representative TMD, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) provides a high
electrochemical performance when employed as a LIB anode.
Advantages:
 Higher Capacity
 Lower degree of volume expansion
 Better capacity retention
Disadvantages:
 Low electrical conductivity of 2H phase

Aim of work:
 To improve the conductivity of 2H-MoS2.
 MoS2 phase transition from the semiconducting 2H phase to the metallic 1T phase.
 Integrating MoS2 with highly conductive frameworks to form hybrid composites.

Schematic illustration of n-Buli treatment for MoS2/MXene nanohybrid
structures.
2. Preparation of n-BuLi-Treated MoS2/Ti3C2:
1. Preparation of Ti3C2MXene.
2. Synthesis of dual phase MoS2/Ti3C2
composite.
3. Preparation of n-BuLi-Treated MoS2/Ti3C2.

Figure 2. SEM (a) and TEM (b) images of the p-MT sample. HRTEM images of p-MT with the marked
interlayer distances of MoS2 flakes (c) and MXene sheets (d). (e,f) SEM and TEM images of the n-MT
nanohybrid. The interlayer distances of MoS2 and MXene are shown in (g,h), respectively.
3. Results and Discussion:
i). Morphological Analysis:

Figure 2. The SEM and EDS results of (a) p-MT and (b) n-MT.
3. Results and Discussion:
i). Morphological Analysis:

Figure 3. Raman spectra (a) and XRD patterns (b) of pristine and nBuli-treated MoS2/MXene hybrid structures.
3. Results and Discussion:
i). Morphological Analysis:

Figure 4. Deconvoluted XPS spectra of p-MT (top panel) and n-MT
(bottom panel), showing the binding energy of fluorine (a,d), molybdenum
(b,e), and sulfur (c,f).
Figure S5. The XPS complete survey of (a) p-MT and (b) n-MT.
3. Results and Discussion:
i). Morphological Analysis:

Figure 5 (a). GCD profiles of p-MT (a) and n-MT (b). The cycling performance of the 2D
nanohybrids (c). Rate performance of n-MT (d) and Nyquist plot of the 2D hybrids (e).
3. Results and Discussion:
ii). Electrochemical Measurements:
Figure 5 (b). The rate performance of (a) p-MT and (b) n-MT.

Table1. Performance comparison of MoS2 and MXene-based anodes.
3. Results and Discussion:
ii). Electrochemical Measurements:

4. Conclusions:
In this work the authors
 Successfully prepared a 2D MoS2/Ti3C2 composite composed of 1T-phase-enriched MoS2 flakes.
 They demonstrated prelithiated nanohybrids exhibit a distinct surface morphology with higher-1T-metallic
phase MoS2 which are beneficial for the battery anode performance due to the enhanced electrical
conductivity
 Improved Li-ion storage capacity along with excellent cycle stability is achieved.
 An effective strategy for low-dimensional material structure−property engineering to optimize the battery
anode performance.
 Sheds light on the development of other 2D hybrid-based energy storage and conversion systems.

Thanks for your attention.
Any Question?

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Pig farming, pork farming, pig production or hog farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork: bacon, ham, gammon) and skins. Pigs are amenable to many different styles of farming: intensive commercial units, commercial free range enterprises, or extensive farming (being allowed to wander around a village, town or city, or tethered in a simple shelter or kept in a pen outside the owner's house). Historically, farm pigs were kept in small numbers and were closely associated with the residence of the owner, or in the same village or town.[1] They were valued as a source of meat and fat, and for their ability to convert inedible food into meat and manure, and were often fed household food waste when kept on a homestead.[2] Pigs have been farmed to dispose of municipal garbage on a large scale.[3] All these forms of pig farm are in use today, though intensive farms are by far the most popular, due to their potential to raise a large amount of pigs in a very cost-efficient manner.[4] In developed nations, commercial farms house thousands of pigs in climate-controlled buildings.[5] Pigs are a popular form of livestock, with more than one billion pigs butchered each year worldwide, 100 million in the United States. The majority of pigs are used for human food, but also supply skin, fat and other materials for use in clothing, ingredients for processed foods,[6] cosmetics,[7] and medical use.[8]Pig farming has gained importance today. Pigs have inherited capacity to acclimatize with varying climatic conditions. Pigs cannot withstand high temperature climate. Pigs are adjusted to varied rearing practices and consume different types of food (Omnivorous) to attain higher growth and meat production. Pigs will attain 60-70kg body weight in 6-8months period. Female pigs i.e., sows will come to heat at age of 8-9 months but avoid using male pigs (Boars) for breeding purpose until it attains one year of age. Adult sows when bred during right time after attaining maturity will farrow 8-12 piglets in 112-118 days of gestation period (i.e., about 4 months of gestation). Feedefficiencyis to gain one Kg live weightfor every 2.75-3kg feed consumed (FCR: 1:2.75). There are many advantageous in pig rearing. Pork is available at a cheaper price with nutritious and highly palatable tasty meat of higher quality animal protein. Pig bones are used for producing bone meal and also used for purification of sugar in sugar industry. The manure droppings and urine are good fertilizers which enhance the soil fertilityand improve grain production. Pig hairs (Bristles) are used for making brushes and ropes, hooves are used for shirt button making and preparation of gum. Hence, pigs are called as “multi utility domestic animals”. Farmers can take up piggery farming and reduce their debt burden and improve their profits and livelihood.

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SUMMARY Based on human relationship with bacteria, virulence is one of the most important case to us. Some forms of virulence thought to arise only from the actions of bacteria are not actually caused by them but are indirectly influenced by another counterpart in the microbial mix of the ecosystem called bacteriophage; viruses that only infect prokaryotes such as bacteria but not eukaryotes. Bacteriophages preferably attack bacteria due to the lack of specific receptors for phages on eukaryotic cells which are found in bacteria e.g. peptide sequences and polysaccharide moieties in gram positive and gram negative bacteria, bacterial capsules, slime layers, flagella etc. They recognize and bind to bacteria using appropriate receptors, subsequently proceeding to inject their genome called prophage into their host. This review focuses on the most probable outcomes of phage-host interactions via the lytic and lysogenic cycles which are therapeutic effect and pathogenicity/resistance to antibiotics respectively. By lysogenic conversion or transfer of acquired genetic materials via transduction, phages can confer unusual traits such as virulence and antibiotics resistance. Important pathogenic bacteria that cause persistent and critical infections which have their pathogenicity engineered by phages include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus spp., and Clostridium spp. The prophages influence their virulence in a variety of ways which include: contribution to the production of phage-encoded toxins, modification of the bacterial envelope, mediation of bacterial infectivity, and control of bacterial cell regulation. The unwavering threat of antimicrobial resistance in global health, extreme difficulty involved in developing novel antibiotics, and the rate at which microorganisms develop resistance to newly introduced antimicrobials have sparked urgency and interest in research for effective methods to eradicate pathogenic bacteria and limit antibiotic resistance. As a result, interest in phage therapy has been reignited because of the high efficiency in detecting and killing pathogenic bacteria by phages.

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How could modern LA research address data-related ethics issues in informal and situated professional learning? I will identify in this talk three relevant insights based on field studies around workplace LA interventions: Firstly, in informal and situated learning, data isn’t just about the learners. Secondly, the affordances of manual and automatic data tracking for learning are very different, with manual tracking allowing a high degree of learner control over data. Thirdly, learning is not necessarily a shared goal in workplaces. These can be translated into seeing a potential for systems endowed with sufficient natural-language-processing capability (now seemingly at our fingertips with LLMs), and socio-technical design and scenario-based data collection analysis as design and research methods.

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Scientific Pig Farming Manual for Pig FarmersDr. Subhrajit Das

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High performance anode materials for Li ion battery

1. Advance Functional Nanohybrid Material Laboratory Zaheer Ahmad Group 1 I.D# 2022121044 Inorganic Chemistry

3. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Preparation of composite 3. Results and discussion i). Morphological Analysis ii). Electrochemical Measurements 4. Conclusions

4. 1. Introduction:  Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used battery system.  Conventional graphite anodes exhibit a rather small Li storage capacity far from satisfaction.  Extensive research has been conducted on various high-specific-capacity anode materials, such as silicon, metal oxides, and two- dimensional (2D) TMDs to further improve the performance of LIBs.

5. Introduction: As a representative TMD, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) provides a high electrochemical performance when employed as a LIB anode. Advantages:  Higher Capacity  Lower degree of volume expansion  Better capacity retention Disadvantages:  Low electrical conductivity of 2H phase

6. Aim of work:  To improve the conductivity of 2H-MoS2.  MoS2 phase transition from the semiconducting 2H phase to the metallic 1T phase.  Integrating MoS2 with highly conductive frameworks to form hybrid composites.

7. Schematic illustration of n-Buli treatment for MoS2/MXene nanohybrid structures. 2. Preparation of n-BuLi-Treated MoS2/Ti3C2: 1. Preparation of Ti3C2MXene. 2. Synthesis of dual phase MoS2/Ti3C2 composite. 3. Preparation of n-BuLi-Treated MoS2/Ti3C2.

8. Figure 2. SEM (a) and TEM (b) images of the p-MT sample. HRTEM images of p-MT with the marked interlayer distances of MoS2 flakes (c) and MXene sheets (d). (e,f) SEM and TEM images of the n-MT nanohybrid. The interlayer distances of MoS2 and MXene are shown in (g,h), respectively. 3. Results and Discussion: i). Morphological Analysis:

9. Figure 2. The SEM and EDS results of (a) p-MT and (b) n-MT. 3. Results and Discussion: i). Morphological Analysis:

10. Figure 3. Raman spectra (a) and XRD patterns (b) of pristine and nBuli-treated MoS2/MXene hybrid structures. 3. Results and Discussion: i). Morphological Analysis:

11. Figure 4. Deconvoluted XPS spectra of p-MT (top panel) and n-MT (bottom panel), showing the binding energy of fluorine (a,d), molybdenum (b,e), and sulfur (c,f). Figure S5. The XPS complete survey of (a) p-MT and (b) n-MT. 3. Results and Discussion: i). Morphological Analysis:

12. Figure 5 (a). GCD profiles of p-MT (a) and n-MT (b). The cycling performance of the 2D nanohybrids (c). Rate performance of n-MT (d) and Nyquist plot of the 2D hybrids (e). 3. Results and Discussion: ii). Electrochemical Measurements: Figure 5 (b). The rate performance of (a) p-MT and (b) n-MT.

13. Table1. Performance comparison of MoS2 and MXene-based anodes. 3. Results and Discussion: ii). Electrochemical Measurements:

14. 4. Conclusions: In this work the authors  Successfully prepared a 2D MoS2/Ti3C2 composite composed of 1T-phase-enriched MoS2 flakes.  They demonstrated prelithiated nanohybrids exhibit a distinct surface morphology with higher-1T-metallic phase MoS2 which are beneficial for the battery anode performance due to the enhanced electrical conductivity  Improved Li-ion storage capacity along with excellent cycle stability is achieved.  An effective strategy for low-dimensional material structure−property engineering to optimize the battery anode performance.  Sheds light on the development of other 2D hybrid-based energy storage and conversion systems.

15. Thanks for your attention. Any Question?

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High performance anode materials for Li ion battery

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