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The law does not expect you to eliminate
all risk, but you are required to protect
people as far as ‘reasonably practicable’.
This guide tells you how to achieve that
with a minimum of fuss.
This is not the only way to do a risk
assessment, there are other methods that
work well, particularly for more complex
risks and circumstances. However, we
believe this method is the most
straightforward for most organisations.

What is risk
assessment?
A risk assessment is simply a careful examination of
what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that
you can weigh up whether you have taken enough
precautions or should do more to prevent harm. Workers
and others have a right to be protected from harm caused
by a failure to take reasonable control measures.
Accidents and ill health can ruin lives and affect your
business too if output is lost, machinery is damaged,
insurance costs increase or you have to go to court. You
are legally required to assess the risks in your workplace
so that you put in place a plan to control the risks.

How to assess the risks in your
workplace:
Step 1 Identify the hazards
Step 2 Decide who might be harmed and how
Step 3 Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
Step 4 Record your findings and implement them
Step 5 Review your assessment and update if necessary

How to
assess the
risks in your
workplace:
Don’t overcomplicate the process. In many
organisations, the risks are well known and the
necessary control measures are easy to apply.
You probably already know whether, for
example, you have employees who move heavy
loads and so could harm their backs, or where
people are most likely to slip or trip. If so, check
that you have taken reasonable precautions to
avoid injury. If you run a small organisation and
you are confident you understand what’s
involved, you can do the assessment yourself.
You don’t have to be a health and safety expert.

Walk around your workplace
and look at what could
reasonably be expected to
cause harm.
Ask your employees or their
representatives what they
think. They may have noticed
things that are not
immediately obvious to you.
Check manufacturers’
instructions or data sheets for
chemicals and equipment as
they can be very helpful in
spelling out the hazards and
putting them in their true
perspective.
Have a look back at your
accident and ill-health
records – these often help to
identify the less obvious
hazards.
Remember to think about
long-term hazards to health
(eg high levels of noise or
exposure to harmful
substances) as well as safety
hazards.

Step 2-Decide
who might be
harmed and
how
Remember:
Some workers have particular requirements, eg new and
young workers, new or expectant mothers and people
with disabilities may be at particular risk.
• Extra thought will be needed for some hazards;
 cleaners, visitors, contractors, maintenance workers
etc, who may not be in the workplace all the time;
 members of the public, if they could be hurt by your
activities;
 if you share your workplace, you will need to think
about how your work affects others present, as well
as how their work affects your staff – talk to them; and
 ask your staff if they can think of anyone you may
have missed.

Step 3-
Evaluate the
risks and
decide on
precautions
So first, look at what you’re already doing, think
about what controls you have in place and how
the work is organised. Then compare this with
the good practice and see if there’s more you
should be doing to bring yourself up to standard.
In asking yourself this, consider:
 Can I get rid of the hazard altogether?
 If not, how can I control the risks so that harm
is unlikely?

Step 3-
Evaluate the
risks and
decide on
precautions
When controlling risks, apply the principles
below, if possible in the following order:
 try a less risky option (eg switch to using a
less hazardous chemical);
 prevent access to the hazard (eg by
guarding);
 organise work to reduce exposure to the
hazard (eg put barriers between pedestrians
and traffic);
 issue personal protective equipment (eg
clothing, footwear, goggles etc); and
 provide welfare facilities (eg first aid and
washing facilities for removal of
contamination).

Step 3-
Evaluate the
risks and
decide on
precautions
A good plan of action often includes a mixture of
different things such as:
 A few cheap or easy improvements that can be done
quickly, perhaps as a temporary solution until more
reliable controls are in place;
 Long-term solutions to those risks most likely to cause
accidents or ill health;
 Long-term solutions to those risks with the worst
potential consequences;
 Arrangements for training employees on the main
risks that remain and how they are to be controlled;
 Regular checks to make sure that the control
measures stay in place; and
 Clear responsibilities – who will lead on what action,
and by when.

Step 5-
Review your
risk
assessment
and update if
necessary
Look at your risk assessment again. Have there
been any changes? Are there improvements you
still need to make? Have your workers spotted a
problem?
Have you learnt anything from accidents or near
misses?
Make sure your risk assessment stays up to
date.

If the risk is in the Green region on the TPL SHE
RAM, this is broadly acceptable and no further
action is required. If the risk is in the Yellow region
on the TPL SHE RAM, this is in the tolerable regions
and needs to be demonstrated to be As Low As
Reasonably Achievable (ALARP) by recommending
further action.
If the Risk is still in the Red region, this is not
acceptable and action definitely needs to be taken.
HIRA Review team shall discuss the proposed
actions, where applicable, to address the hazard
that is ascribed with a medium to high-risk rating.

CONTROL
MEASURES
Controls are required to be separated into
preventive and recovery. Controls are required to
be categorized using the hierarchy of controls
(eliminate, substitute, isolate, engineering,
administrative, and PPE). This allows the review
of controls to ensure the principle of inherently
safer construction is being applied.

Effectiveness
Present Risk reduced
to Acceptable Risk
Reduction of incident Reduction in repetitive
observation
Improvement
in Behavioural Safety

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