History of life on Earth_20250205_182731

History of life on Earth_20250205_182731_0000.pptx

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IreneMirandaFlores

History of life on Earth_20250205_182731_0000.pptx

WHAT IS GEOLOGIC
TIME SCALE
Calendar of events of earth’s history of
life where they are arranged in
chronological order.

WHAT IS GEOLOGIC
TIME SCALE
EON ERA
EPOCH
S
PERIOD
S

FOUR ERAS IN GEOLOGICAL
TIME SCALE
1. Precambrian
2. Paleozoic
Era
3. Mesozoic

PRECAMBR
IAN



which is 542 million years ago where single-celled
organisms came into existence.
The end of this span is the rise of few more
complex animals in the oceans such as Jellyfish.
There was still no life on land, and the atmosphere
was just beginning to accumulate the oxygen
requirement for higher-order animals to survive.

PALEOZOIC
ERA

an era that began with the Cambrian Explosion a relatively rapid
period of speciation kicked off a long period of life flourishing on
Earth.

There are a huge number and kinds of living organisms from the
ocean that moved towards the land.

It is believed that plants were the first to migrate towards land,
followed by invertebrates and many other species also appeared
and thrived on land.

The end of this Era comes with the largest mass extinction in the
history of life on Earth, wiping out 75percent of marine life and
nearly 70 percent of life on land.

MESOZOIC
ERA


“age of dinosaurs” The climate during this
Era was very humid
and tropical, which many lush, green
plants
sprouted all over the Earth.

Herbivores thrive and small mammals
came
into existence, birds developed evolved from
the dinosaurs.

CENOZOIC
ERA





which began 65 billion years ago to the present
this final era on the GTS wherein smaller mammals
survived and become dominant.
The climate of this Era is cooler and drier compared to
the Mesozoic Era.
This is an “Ice Age” which covered most temperate
regions of the Earth with glaciers.
All species of life-including humans evolved into their
present-day form throughout this era.

WHAT IS
FOSSILS?


evidence of organisms that lived in the
past.
They may be actual remains like burrows,
nests, and dinosaurs’ footprints or even the
ripples created in our prehistoric shore.

SIX WAYS OF
FOSSILIZATION
1.Unaltered preservation-wherein small organisms or past trapped in
amber, hardened plant sap is being
observed.
2.Per mineralization/ Petrification-the organic contents of bone and wood
are replaced by silica, calcite, or pyrite, forming a rock-like
fossil.
3.Replacement-hard parts are dissolved and replaced by other minerals,
like calcite, silica, pyrite, or iron.
4.Carbonization/ or Coalification-the other elements are ionized and only
the carbon remained.
5.Recrystallization-the hard parts are converted into more stable minerals
or small crystals turned into larger
crystals.
6.Authigenicpreservation –molds and casts are formed after most of the
organisms have been destroyed or
dissolved.

HOW DO WE MEASURE
THE AGE OF FOSSILS?
1.Relative Dating 2.Absolute
Dating

RELATIVE
DATING
can also be useful.
This means that the fossil is compared to
something for which an age is already
known.
Index fossils-use several types of fossils
to aid in relative dating.
Fossils that are identified to be found
only within a very specific age span.
Examining the layers of rock or strata

ABSOLUTE
DATING
It is determined by the actual age of the
fossil and through radiometric dating
using radioactive isotopes.

Describe general features of the history of life on Earth, including generally accepted dates and sequences of the geologic time scale and characteristics of major groups of organisms present during these periods (STEM-BIO11/12-IIIC-G-8). Specific Objectives: 1. Identify the date, eon, era, period, epoch and describe the major events base on Geologic Time Scale. 2. Differentiate the types of fossils. 3. Appreciate the history of life on earth by making a personal timeline.

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The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardized international units of geologic time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective[1] is to precisely define global chronostratigraphic units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC)[2] that are used to define divisions of geologic time. The chronostratigraphic divisions are in turn used to define geochronologic units.[2] While some regional terms are still in use,[3] the table of geologic time presented in this article conforms to the nomenclature, ages, and color codes set forth by the ICS as this is the standard, reference global geologic time scale – the International Geological Time Scale.[1][

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The document summarizes Earth's history from the Precambrian era to the present-day Cenozoic era in four parts. It describes the Precambrian era as spanning 88% of Earth's history, including the early evolution of life. The Paleozoic era saw the first life with hard shells and fossils, as well as plant and animal diversification on land and in the seas. Dinosaurs and other reptiles dominated during the Mesozoic era. Finally, the Cenozoic era is characterized as the time of mammals including humans, as well as flowering plants.

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This document provides an overview of geologic history from the Precambrian era to present day. It describes the major eras, periods, events, climate changes, organisms, and theories of evolution that are recorded in the layers of rock and fossil records. The document is organized chronologically, with each era and period summarized in terms of dominant life forms, environmental conditions, and significant developments or extinctions. Major theories like plate tectonics and mass extinction events are also outlined.

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The document summarizes Earth's history from the Precambrian era to the present Cenozoic era. It describes how early Earth's atmosphere evolved and how the first life forms such as stromatolites emerged in the Precambrian. During the Paleozoic era, life exploded with the Cambrian explosion and continued to diversify, including early plants and amphibians. The Mesozoic era was dominated by reptiles such as dinosaurs. Finally, the Cenozoic era saw the rise of mammals as the dominant land animals following the extinction of the dinosaurs.

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The document summarizes key events in Earth's history from the Precambrian era to the present Cenozoic era. It describes how early Earth's atmosphere evolved, the first appearance of life in the form of stromatolites, the consolidation of continents into Pangaea, the rise of plants and amphibians on land during the Paleozoic, the dominance of dinosaurs and gymnosperms in the Mesozoic, and the replacement of reptiles by mammals as the dominant land animals in the Cenozoic following the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.

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The document summarizes key events in Earth's history from the Precambrian era to the present Cenozoic era. It describes how early Earth's atmosphere evolved, the emergence of stromatolites and other early fossils in the Precambrian, the formation and breakup of supercontinents like Pangaea, the rise of plants and amphibians in the Paleozoic, the dominance of dinosaurs in the Mesozoic, and the replacement of reptiles by mammals as the dominant land animals in the Cenozoic era. Major extinctions like the late Paleozoic extinction and the disappearance of North American megafauna are also outlined.

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The geologic time scale is a system used to describe Earth's history by dividing it into units of time based on changes in lifeforms and rock layers. It begins over 4.6 billion years ago with the formation of Earth and extends to the present. Major divisions include eons like the Precambrian and Phanerozoic, eras like the Paleozoic and Cenozoic, and periods like the Jurassic and Quaternary. Life began as single-celled organisms and evolved over billions of years to include complex plants and animals, with major extinction events periodically wiping out many species. The current geologic period is the Quaternary, which began over 2 million years ago and includes the evolution

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The Paleozoic Era lasted from 543 to 248 million years ago. It was divided into seven periods: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian. Major events included the diversification of multi-celled animal life in the Cambrian and a mass extinction at the end of the Paleozoic that wiped out 90% of marine species. Life colonized land during this era, with plants, fungi and insects moving ashore.

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This document provides information about Earth's prehistory and geologic timeline. It discusses how Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, and life has changed the planet's chemistry over the past 3/4 of geologic time. Five major extinctions have occurred, including the K-Pg extinction that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Mass extinctions are caused by long-term stresses combined with short term catastrophic events. Recovery of biodiversity after extinctions can take 5-10 million years as weedy species repopulate the planet. The eras of geologic time - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic - are summarized along with significant developments in life during each period

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The document provides an overview of the geologic time scale by describing the major eons, eras, periods, and epochs that have occurred throughout Earth's history from 4.6 billion years ago to present day. It notes key events such as the formation of the early Earth and oceans during the Hadean and Archean eons, the emergence of early life forms in the Precambrian eon, the explosion of animal diversity in the Cambrian period, the rise of reptiles and dinosaurs in the Mesozoic era, and the extinction of dinosaurs paving the way for mammals in the Cenozoic era. The summary covers Earth's geologic and biological progression from its formation to the current era.

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This document provides an overview of the evolution of life on Earth from its earliest beginnings billions of years ago to the emergence of modern humans. It describes how simple organic compounds formed in the atmosphere and oceans of early Earth and eventually combined to form the first primitive cell. These single-celled organisms were the earliest life forms and evolved into more complex multicellular organisms over billions of years. Major evolutionary transitions included the emergence of photosynthesis, eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction, and eventually the first vertebrates, land plants, dinosaurs, mammals, and the human species. Fossils provide evidence of how life has changed and diversified over the long history of the planet.

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History of life on Earth_20250205_182731_0000.pptx

3. WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE Calendar of events of earth’s history of life where they are arranged in chronological order.

5. WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE EON ERA EPOCH S PERIOD S

7. FOUR ERAS IN GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE 1. Precambrian 2. Paleozoic Era 3. Mesozoic

8. PRECAMBR IAN    which is 542 million years ago where single-celled organisms came into existence. The end of this span is the rise of few more complex animals in the oceans such as Jellyfish. There was still no life on land, and the atmosphere was just beginning to accumulate the oxygen requirement for higher-order animals to survive.

9. PALEOZOIC ERA  an era that began with the Cambrian Explosion a relatively rapid period of speciation kicked off a long period of life flourishing on Earth.  There are a huge number and kinds of living organisms from the ocean that moved towards the land.  It is believed that plants were the first to migrate towards land, followed by invertebrates and many other species also appeared and thrived on land.  The end of this Era comes with the largest mass extinction in the history of life on Earth, wiping out 75percent of marine life and nearly 70 percent of life on land.

10. MESOZOIC ERA   “age of dinosaurs” The climate during this Era was very humid and tropical, which many lush, green plants sprouted all over the Earth.  Herbivores thrive and small mammals came into existence, birds developed evolved from the dinosaurs.

11. CENOZOIC ERA      which began 65 billion years ago to the present this final era on the GTS wherein smaller mammals survived and become dominant. The climate of this Era is cooler and drier compared to the Mesozoic Era. This is an “Ice Age” which covered most temperate regions of the Earth with glaciers. All species of life-including humans evolved into their present-day form throughout this era.

12. WHAT IS FOSSILS?   evidence of organisms that lived in the past. They may be actual remains like burrows, nests, and dinosaurs’ footprints or even the ripples created in our prehistoric shore.

13. SIX WAYS OF FOSSILIZATION 1.Unaltered preservation-wherein small organisms or past trapped in amber, hardened plant sap is being observed. 2.Per mineralization/ Petrification-the organic contents of bone and wood are replaced by silica, calcite, or pyrite, forming a rock-like fossil. 3.Replacement-hard parts are dissolved and replaced by other minerals, like calcite, silica, pyrite, or iron. 4.Carbonization/ or Coalification-the other elements are ionized and only the carbon remained. 5.Recrystallization-the hard parts are converted into more stable minerals or small crystals turned into larger crystals. 6.Authigenicpreservation –molds and casts are formed after most of the organisms have been destroyed or dissolved.

15. HOW DO WE MEASURE THE AGE OF FOSSILS? 1.Relative Dating 2.Absolute Dating

16. RELATIVE DATING can also be useful. This means that the fossil is compared to something for which an age is already known. Index fossils-use several types of fossils to aid in relative dating. Fossils that are identified to be found only within a very specific age span. Examining the layers of rock or strata

17. ABSOLUTE DATING It is determined by the actual age of the fossil and through radiometric dating using radioactive isotopes.

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