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Contextual and Cultural
Referencing in Art and Design
Luke Zahra
HND in Interactive Media Year 1

Personal preference
Appealing to the eye
Historical relationships of interest
All involve the interactivity of a user
Why Choosing These Topics?

 First, some in general research was done in order
to find the five artworks needed.
 Secondly, the range was restricted in order that
the works have some relationships between each
other.
 Finally the five artworks were chosen. It was
made sure that they are a mix of historical and
contemporary works.
Method of Investigation

 Researched specifically each artwork for an
overview about it and then for technical and
detailed information.
 Used also the artist’s website (if available) for a
more reliable source of information.
 After writing about the artworks, some few
information was also found on examples of how
those artworks relate to today’s works.
Information Retrieval

 Created by Maurice Benayoun in 1995.
 Virtual tunnel that connect two cities
(Montreal and Paris).
 The viewer can choose his/her own way of
digging through the tunnel.
 It has a cultural aspect as one sees
iconographic images from the culture of both
places.
Tunnel Under the Atlantic

 Almost the same thing is used nowadays with virtual
reality.
 Oculus Rift is a great example.
 It lets the user navigate through a game by tilting his/her
head to make it more immersive.
Tunnel Under the Atlantic

 Created by Edgar Mueller in 2008.
 Uses a technique referred to as anamorphosis.
 He used acrylic wall paint in order to create
the artwork.
 Focuses on the psychological aspect of how
persons think.
The Crevasse

 The first example of anamorphism was created by Leonardo
da Vinci in 1485 (Leonardo’s Eye).
 Nowadays, a common use of this technique is being made on
adverts in stadiums which are flat on the ground but appear
to be standing.
The Crevasse

 Created by Matthew Paris in 1250.
 This volvelle could calculate the dates of moveable
feasts like Easter.
 Volvelles are made up of one or more layers of
circular discs which were fixed firmly to a leaf.
 Later on other calculations could be done with
different volvelles for example the motion of the
Moon in relation to the Sun.
First Volvelle

Today, volvelles are
used mainly for
educational purposes.
Make learning more
fun and interactive as
well.
Volvelles

 Created by Panya Clark Espinal in 2002.
 Set of artworks showing 24 images of everyday
objects.
 The images can be distorted at first but when viewed
from the correct angle, the images appear as
intended.
 This effect is called anamorphosis which means that
the artwork shifts with the viewer's movements.
From Here Right Now

 The artist aimed to emphasize on the viewer's
consciousness about movement and spaces.
 This allowed playful interaction because of the
transitions created by the artworks.
 Early works such as 'The Ambassadors' of Hans
Holbein the Younger show an excellent example
of anamorphosis. The skull can be seen very
distorted by when viewed from the side, it
becomes a normal skull.
From Here Right Now

 My own personal work.
 Contains information about one of the greatest
Maltese football players of all time; Tony Nicholl.
 The colour scheme was based on the colour grey to
keep an old effect relating with the subject.
 Careful linking was made between the buttons in
order to display the right things when they are
pressed.
Interactive Brochure

 Both ‘The Crevasse’ and ‘From Here Right Now’ use
the anamorphosis technique and have the same
historical relationships.
 The difference between the two was the type of
calculations made because Mueller used careful
mathematical calculations with the help of a camera
while Espinal designed all the drawings on the
computer and then project them onto the walls.
Similarities & Differences

 Unlike the volvelle which is very structured
and calculated in its smallest detail in order to
give correct results, ‘The Tunnel of Atlantic’
lets the user decide which way to go and
explore different images every time. This gives
a random result every time making it more
interesting.
Similarities & Differences

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