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Koketso Moseki
Koketso Moseki

Colonial officials attempted to codify and standardize African customs and identities through mechanisms like identity cards and marriage registers. This stereotyped ethnic and social identities to better discipline Africans as members of tribes or wives. However, Africans also leveraged this bureaucratic power to play roles defined by colonizers and insert themselves into new forms of discourse. When drafting marriage law, French colonizers, missionaries, chiefs, and elite African men invented customs to enforce senior men's control over women and junior men. Views on marriage differed between colonial bureaucrats, who saw it as a civil contract, and Catholic officials, who viewed it as a spiritual contract consecrated through priests.

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Colonialism: what constituted ¡®costume¡¯ or ¡®tradition¡¯ according to Peterson and Jean- Baptiste? PRESENTED BY: KOKETSO MOSEKI
? Before colonial conquest, says Hawkins, LoDagaa, the social order was flexible and negotiated conjugal relationships and ethic identity were crafted out of the back and forth of human interaction. ? With identity cards, passbooks, and marriage registers, officials stereotyped African¡¯s shifting ethnic, conjugal, and social identities, so as better to discipline them as members of tribes, as wives, or as sinners. For African, the bureaucratic form of power was at once a structure constraining the possible range of action and an opportunity for novel forms of discourse. Africans leveraged themselves into the characters that Europeans defined, playing the characters delineated in court records and government writs.
? From the first decade of the twentieth century through the eve of decolonization, varied groups of French colonial employees, Catholic and Protestant missionaries, chiefs and elites African men drafted several projects to codify customary marriage law. A first generation of scholars has argued that the consolidated of colonial rule in early twentieth century Africa involved the cooperation of seniors¡¯ African men and colonial administrators in inventing customary law, particularly marriage laws. State and patriarchy codified marriage law to enforce senior men¡¯s control over women and junior men.
? The French argued for the need to recognize the native family-to make marriage for young men more attainable by lowering bridewealth. Yet, Catholic officials viewed marriage as a spiritual contract, consecrated by priests who were intermediaries between humans and God. Colonial bureaucrats viewed marriage as a civil contract, to be first consecrated and recorded before those appointed by the colonial state. Church officials also argued that bridewealth was equivalent to the scale of women and argued for strict limits. However, colonial administrators argued bridewealth amounts should be fluctuated to encourage African men to participate in the colonial economy.
?THE END ? Email address: kmoseki36@gmail.com
Reference list ? Ajayi, J. F. Ade. 2000. "Colonialism: An Episode in African History," in Tradition and Change in Africa: Africa World Press, pp. 165-174. ? Richard J. Reid. 2012. A History of Modern Africa: 2ND ed. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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history slide.pptx

  • 1. Colonialism: what constituted ¡®costume¡¯ or ¡®tradition¡¯ according to Peterson and Jean- Baptiste? PRESENTED BY: KOKETSO MOSEKI
  • 2. ? Before colonial conquest, says Hawkins, LoDagaa, the social order was flexible and negotiated conjugal relationships and ethic identity were crafted out of the back and forth of human interaction. ? With identity cards, passbooks, and marriage registers, officials stereotyped African¡¯s shifting ethnic, conjugal, and social identities, so as better to discipline them as members of tribes, as wives, or as sinners. For African, the bureaucratic form of power was at once a structure constraining the possible range of action and an opportunity for novel forms of discourse. Africans leveraged themselves into the characters that Europeans defined, playing the characters delineated in court records and government writs.
  • 3. ? From the first decade of the twentieth century through the eve of decolonization, varied groups of French colonial employees, Catholic and Protestant missionaries, chiefs and elites African men drafted several projects to codify customary marriage law. A first generation of scholars has argued that the consolidated of colonial rule in early twentieth century Africa involved the cooperation of seniors¡¯ African men and colonial administrators in inventing customary law, particularly marriage laws. State and patriarchy codified marriage law to enforce senior men¡¯s control over women and junior men.
  • 4. ? The French argued for the need to recognize the native family-to make marriage for young men more attainable by lowering bridewealth. Yet, Catholic officials viewed marriage as a spiritual contract, consecrated by priests who were intermediaries between humans and God. Colonial bureaucrats viewed marriage as a civil contract, to be first consecrated and recorded before those appointed by the colonial state. Church officials also argued that bridewealth was equivalent to the scale of women and argued for strict limits. However, colonial administrators argued bridewealth amounts should be fluctuated to encourage African men to participate in the colonial economy.
  • 5. ?THE END ? Email address: kmoseki36@gmail.com
  • 6. Reference list ? Ajayi, J. F. Ade. 2000. "Colonialism: An Episode in African History," in Tradition and Change in Africa: Africa World Press, pp. 165-174. ? Richard J. Reid. 2012. A History of Modern Africa: 2ND ed. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.