Hmp shunt pathway
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The pentose phosphate pathway occurs in the cytosol of cells and produces two molecules of NADPH for each glucose 6-phosphate molecule oxidized, without directly consuming or producing ATP. NADPH is important for processes like fatty acid synthesis in the liver and lactating mammary glands, and for maintaining glutathione levels in red blood cells. The pathway consists of oxidative and nonoxidative reactions, with the oxidative reactions producing pentose sugars and NADPH regulated by the enzyme G6PD.
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BIOCHEMISTRY.xnnxjxjxjdjdjdjjdjdjdjdpptxMEGLADON2
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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a multicyclic process occurring in the cytosol, divided into an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase for interconversion of sugars, playing a crucial role in nucleotide biosynthesis. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme, and its activity is regulated by NADPH levels; deficiencies in G-6-PD can lead to hemolytic anemia but also provide resistance to malaria. Additionally, the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with reduced transketolase activity due to chronic thiamine deficiency.The pentose phosphate pathway
The pentose phosphate pathwayFarhana Atia
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The document summarizes the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), an alternative glucose metabolism pathway that generates reducing power in the form of NADPH and pentoses for nucleotide synthesis. The PPP occurs in the cytoplasm of most tissues and has two phases: an oxidative phase that irreversibly generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that reversibly produces pentoses. A key importance is providing NADPH for fatty acid synthesis and antioxidant defenses. Deficiencies in the PPP can cause hemolytic anemia due to oxidative damage from hydrogen peroxide accumulation. hmp-shunt
hmp-shuntDivya Sharma
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The hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway or PP pathway, functions to produce NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. It occurs in the cytoplasm and is divided into oxidative and non-oxidative phases. The oxidative phase produces NADPH through irreversible reactions, while the non-oxidative phase produces ribose-5-phosphate through reversible reactions. NADPH is important for reducing glutathione and eliminating hydrogen peroxide, while ribose-5-phosphate contributes to nucleic acid synthesis. Deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme in the oxidative phase of the HMP pathway, can cause hemolytic anemia by inhibiting the productionPentose Phosphate Pathway
Pentose Phosphate PathwayAyesha MohayudDin
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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the phosphogluconate pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt, is a metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentoses through the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate. It occurs in the cytoplasm and is important for producing ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis and NADPH for reductive biosynthesis and protecting against oxidative stress. The pathway consists of an oxidative phase that produces NADPH and a non-oxidative phase involving sugar interconversions.HMP PATHWAY
HMP PATHWAY JubsShrestha
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The hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP), also known as the pentose phosphate pathway, is an alternative to glycolysis focused on the production of NADPH and pentoses which are vital for biosynthetic processes including fatty acid and nucleotide synthesis. It consists of an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that interconverts sugar phosphates, producing intermediates for glycolysis and nucleotide synthesis. The pathway is crucial for cells lacking mitochondria, providing reducing power and addressing oxidative stress, particularly in erythrocytes.Hexose monophosphate pathway/Pentose phosphate pathway.pptx
Hexose monophosphate pathway/Pentose phosphate pathway.pptxmohammed959032
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The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. It consists of oxidative and nonoxidative phases. The oxidative phase generates NADPH through glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in an irreversible reaction. NADPH is used for biosynthetic reactions requiring a reducing agent. The nonoxidative phase rearranges carbon atoms to regenerate glycolytic intermediates. The pathway is important where NADPH production is needed, like fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia upon exposure to oxidizing drugs due to impaired NADPH production.Hmp shunt
Hmp shuntStanz Ng
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Glucose-6-phosphate acts as a branch point for several metabolic pathways. It can be used for glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and gluconeogenesis. The hexose monophosphate shunt produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. NADPH is used for biosynthetic reactions like fatty acid synthesis. Ribose-5-phosphate is used for nucleotide synthesis. The pathway involves glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase which generate NADPH in irreversible steps. Later reversible steps interconvert pentose phosphates to regenerate pathway intermediates.PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
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The document outlines the two major phases of the pentose phosphate pathway: oxidative and non-oxidative. The oxidative phase generates NADPH vital for various biosynthetic processes, while the non-oxidative phase produces 5-carbon sugars for nucleotide and amino acid synthesis. Overall, the pentose phosphate pathway serves as an alternative to glycolysis and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly in tissues like the liver and adipose tissue.Glycolysis
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This document summarizes glycolysis, the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. It describes the two phases of glycolysis - the preparatory phase which requires ATP, and the payoff phase which yields ATP and NADH. It also lists the three possible fates of the pyruvate produced: lactic acid fermentation, ethanol fermentation, or further processing in the citric acid cycle.MONOPHOSPHATE-SHUNT-OVERVIEW-GROUP-7.pptx
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The monophosphate shunt, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) or hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP shunt), is a metabolic pathway that runs parallel to glycolysis. It plays a crucial role in generating NADPH, which is essential for reductive biosynthesis and protection against oxidative stress, and ribose-5-phosphate, a precursor for nucleotide synthesisHMP Shunt
HMP ShuntBiochemistrySGRDIMSAR
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The document summarizes key aspects of the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP pathway or pentose phosphate pathway). It describes the pathway's location in the cytosol and key tissues where it is active. The oxidative and non-oxidative phases of the pathway and their reactions are outlined. Regulation of the pathway by NADPH concentration is mentioned. The significance of the pathway is that it generates pentoses and NADPH, which is important for biosynthesis and antioxidant reactions. Deficiencies in the pathway can cause hemolytic anemia.2.2 pentose and uronic pathway.pptx
2.2 pentose and uronic pathway.pptxFatima117039
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The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. It consists of oxidative and nonoxidative phases. The oxidative phase generates NADPH through glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in an irreversible reaction. No ATP is directly produced or consumed. The nonoxidative phase rearranges carbon atoms through transketolase and transaldolase, linking back to glycolysis. NADPH is used for biosynthesis like fatty acids and glutathione regeneration, while ribose-5-phosphate is used for nucleotides. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates flux and is feedback inhibited by NADPH. Deficiencies can cause hemolytic anemia upon exposure to oxidizing drugs or foods like fHMP shunt
HMP shuntabdulrahman amer
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The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and pentose sugars. It has both an oxidative and non-oxidative phase. In the oxidative phase, glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to produce NADPH. In the non-oxidative phase, 5-carbon sugars are converted into 3 and 6 carbon sugars through a series of isomerization, epimerization, and transketolase reactions. The pathway is important as it provides NADPH for biosynthetic reactions and pentose sugars for nucleotide synthesis. A defect in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase can lead to insufficient NADPH and glutathione, resulting in hemolytic anemia due to oxidative damage of red blood cells.chapter -5.pptx presentation of intermediated metabolism
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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is an alternate route for glucose oxidation that generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate, crucial for fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis. It operates in two phases: an irreversible oxidative phase that produces NADPH and a reversible non-oxidative phase that interconverts various sugars. The pathway is particularly active in tissues with high proliferation and lipid synthesis but less active in skeletal muscle and non-lactating mammary glands.Ad
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Hmp shunt pathway
- 1. Muhammad asif Zeb Lecturer- Hematology IPMS KMU
- 2. The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the hexose monophosphate pathway, or 6-phosphogluconate pathway) occurs in the cytosol of the cell. No ATP is directly consumed or produced in the cycle. Carbon 1 of glucose 6-phosphate is released as CO2, and two NADPH are produced for each glucose 6-phosphate molecule.
- 3. Reaction of the Pathway
- 4. HMP pathway consists of two reactions that lead to the formation of ribulose 5-phosphate, CO2, and two molecules of NADPH for each molecule of glucose 6-phosphate oxidized . this pathway is particularly important for fatty acids in liver, lactating mammary glands, Adipose, For steroid hormones in In the testes, ovaries, placenta and adrenal cortex In erythrocytes to keep glutathione in Reduced form.
- 5. G6PD catalyzes an irreversible oxidation of glucose 6- phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone The pentose phosphate pathway is regulated primarily at the G6PD reaction. NADPH is a potent competitive inhibitor of the enzyme Insulin upregulates expression of the gene for G6PD,
- 6. 6-PG is hydrolyzed by 6-pg hydrolase. The reaction is irreversible The oxidative decarboxylation of the product, 6- phosphogluconate is catalyzed by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. This irreversible reaction produces a pentose sugarphosphate (ribulose 5-phosphate), CO2, and a second molecule of NADPH
- 7. The nonoxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway occur in all cell types synthesizing nucleotides and nucleic acids. These reversible reactions permit ribulose 5-phosphate to be converted either to ribose 5-phosphate (needed for nucleotide synthesis) or to intermediates of glycolysisfructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
- 9. Reduction of hydrogen peroxide Phagocytosis by white blood cells Production of Nitric oxide
- 10. Hydrogen peroxide is one of a family of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are formed from the partial reduction of molecular Oxygen The highly reactive oxygen intermediates can cause serious chemical damage to DNA, proteins, and unsaturated lipids, and can lead to cell death