Hånd ankel-pp

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Silje Bergstrøm Stenersrød

Kort og godt om håndleddet og ankelleddet

Marit, Elsa,
Silje, Joakim
og Ingelin
HÅNDLEDD OG
ANKELLEDD

 Håndledd
 Artikulerende flater
 Båndapparat
 Leddflaters form og størrelse
 Funksjon/virkning
 Ankelledd
 Artikulerende flater
 Båndapparat
 Leddflaters form og størrelse
 Funksjon/virkning
INNHOLD

 Det proksimale håndleddet
(art. radiocarpalis)
 Eggledd mellom radius i
underarmen og håndroten
 Tre av håndrotens knokler
artikulerer med radius
 Det distale håndleddet (art.
mediocarpalis)
 Mellom den proksimale og
den distale rekken av
håndrotsknokler
ARTIKULERENDE FLATER

 Det proksimale håndleddet
(art. radiocarpalis)
 Kapselen som ligger rundt
leddflatene blir forsterket
av bånd på alle sider
 Sterkt bånd på volarsiden
(lig. radiocarpale parmale)
og dorsalsiden (lig.
Radiocarpale dorsale)
 Svakere bånd på volar- og
ulnarsiden
 Knoklene vedsiden av
hverandre i den proksimale
rekken er fast forbundet av
faste, stramme bånd
 Det distale håndleddet (art.
mediocarpalis)
 Kapselen forsterkes av
bånd (ligg. Intercarpalia
palmaria og dorsalia)
 Volarsiden
 Stjerneformet bånd danner lig.
carpi radiatum
 Knoklene i den distale
rekken er ikke så forbundet
til hverandre, men beveger
seg som en helhet likevel
BÅNDAPPARAT

 Det proksimale håndleddet
(art. radiocarpalis)
 Leddflaten(facies
articularis carpea) på
radius og leddskiva (discus
articularis) danner en
leddskål
 Bruskete bånd som danner
en felles konveks leddflate
på de tre knoklene på
håndroten
 Det distale håndleddet (art.
mediocarpalis)
 Knoklene som støter mot
hverandre i det proksimale
og de distale rekkene er
ujevne
LEDDFLATERS FORM OG STØRRELSE

 4 hovedretninger
 Volarfleksjon, dorsalfleksjon,
radialfleksjon og ulnarfleksjon
 Sirkumduksjon
 Mangler evnen til virkårlig rotasjon
 Det proksimale og det distale
leddet vil alltid bevege seg
samtidig
 Funksjonell enhet
 Evnen til volarfleksjon er større
enn dorsalfleksjon
 Leddskålen på radius vender litt volart
 Sterke bånd og muskler på volarsiden
stanser dorsalfleksjonen
 Muskler hemmer bevegelse
FUNKSJON/VIRKNING

 Ikke proksimal og distal,
men medial og lateral
 Art. Talocrualis =
hengselsledd
 Tibia og fibula artikulerer
med Talus
 Gaffelformet leddflate
griper om trochlea tali
ovenfra og fra sidene
ARTIKULERENDE FLATER

 Leddkapselen fester seg overalt
nær kanten av leddflatene
 Hengselsledd er omringet av
sidebånd – stabilitet
 Mediale sidebåndet – fra
tibiamalleolen, brer seg
vifteformet ut nedover
 Laterale sidebåndet – fra
fibulamalleolen, tre atskilte
deler
BÅNDAPPARAT

 Oppreis flatt – bredden på trochela tali
passer nøyaktig i tibia og fibula
 Bevegelighet størst = lett plantarflektert
ankelledd
 Da er sidebåndene og særlig den fremre
delen av det laterale, spent, slik at gaffelen
griper godt om troclea tali når foten er
plantarflektert.
 Utgangspunktstilling
 Plantar- og dorsalfleksjon av foten
FUNKSJON/VIRKNING

 Hengselsledd = bevegelse i samme plan (bena
i en passer)
 Formen på trochlea tali og leddbåndene
innskrenker sidebevegelsene av foten i
ankelleddet.
 Dorsalfleksjon stanset av at collum tali støter
mot kanten av leddflaten på tibia eller som før
ved strekking av tykkleggsmuskelen og
stramming av den fremre skinnbeinsmuskelen
 Plantarfleksjon stanset ved at
proc.posterior tali støter mot
leddkanten på tibia og dels
ved strekking av de fremre
leggmusklene og stramming av
tykkleggsmuskelen.
HEMMER/FREMMER BEVEGELSE

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Hånd ankel-pp

1. Marit, Elsa, Silje, Joakim og Ingelin HÅNDLEDD OG ANKELLEDD

2.  Håndledd  Artikulerende flater  Båndapparat  Leddflaters form og størrelse  Funksjon/virkning  Ankelledd  Artikulerende flater  Båndapparat  Leddflaters form og størrelse  Funksjon/virkning INNHOLD

3. ��Å��ٳ��ٶٷ��

4.  Det proksimale håndleddet (art. radiocarpalis)  Eggledd mellom radius i underarmen og håndroten  Tre av håndrotens knokler artikulerer med radius  Det distale håndleddet (art. mediocarpalis)  Mellom den proksimale og den distale rekken av håndrotsknokler ARTIKULERENDE FLATER

5.  Det proksimale håndleddet (art. radiocarpalis)  Kapselen som ligger rundt leddflatene blir forsterket av bånd på alle sider  Sterkt bånd på volarsiden (lig. radiocarpale parmale) og dorsalsiden (lig. Radiocarpale dorsale)  Svakere bånd på volar- og ulnarsiden  Knoklene vedsiden av hverandre i den proksimale rekken er fast forbundet av faste, stramme bånd  Det distale håndleddet (art. mediocarpalis)  Kapselen forsterkes av bånd (ligg. Intercarpalia palmaria og dorsalia)  Volarsiden  Stjerneformet bånd danner lig. carpi radiatum  Knoklene i den distale rekken er ikke så forbundet til hverandre, men beveger seg som en helhet likevel BÅNDAPPARAT

6.  Det proksimale håndleddet (art. radiocarpalis)  Leddflaten(facies articularis carpea) på radius og leddskiva (discus articularis) danner en leddskål  Bruskete bånd som danner en felles konveks leddflate på de tre knoklene på håndroten  Det distale håndleddet (art. mediocarpalis)  Knoklene som støter mot hverandre i det proksimale og de distale rekkene er ujevne LEDDFLATERS FORM OG STØRRELSE

7.  4 hovedretninger  Volarfleksjon, dorsalfleksjon, radialfleksjon og ulnarfleksjon  Sirkumduksjon  Mangler evnen til virkårlig rotasjon  Det proksimale og det distale leddet vil alltid bevege seg samtidig  Funksjonell enhet  Evnen til volarfleksjon er større enn dorsalfleksjon  Leddskålen på radius vender litt volart  Sterke bånd og muskler på volarsiden stanser dorsalfleksjonen  Muskler hemmer bevegelse FUNKSJON/VIRKNING

8. ANKELLEDDET

9.  Ikke proksimal og distal, men medial og lateral  Art. Talocrualis = hengselsledd  Tibia og fibula artikulerer med Talus  Gaffelformet leddflate griper om trochlea tali ovenfra og fra sidene ARTIKULERENDE FLATER

10.  Leddkapselen fester seg overalt nær kanten av leddflatene  Hengselsledd er omringet av sidebånd – stabilitet  Mediale sidebåndet – fra tibiamalleolen, brer seg vifteformet ut nedover  Laterale sidebåndet – fra fibulamalleolen, tre atskilte deler BÅNDAPPARAT

11.  Oppreis flatt – bredden på trochela tali passer nøyaktig i tibia og fibula  Bevegelighet størst = lett plantarflektert ankelledd  Da er sidebåndene og særlig den fremre delen av det laterale, spent, slik at gaffelen griper godt om troclea tali når foten er plantarflektert.  Utgangspunktstilling  Plantar- og dorsalfleksjon av foten FUNKSJON/VIRKNING

12.  Hengselsledd = bevegelse i samme plan (bena i en passer)  Formen på trochlea tali og leddbåndene innskrenker sidebevegelsene av foten i ankelleddet.  Dorsalfleksjon stanset av at collum tali støter mot kanten av leddflaten på tibia eller som før ved strekking av tykkleggsmuskelen og stramming av den fremre skinnbeinsmuskelen  Plantarfleksjon stanset ved at proc.posterior tali støter mot leddkanten på tibia og dels ved strekking av de fremre leggmusklene og stramming av tykkleggsmuskelen. HEMMER/FREMMER BEVEGELSE

13. HEMMER/FREMMER BEVEGELSE

14. TAKK FOR OSS!

Editor's Notes

#5: Radius = ben i underarmen Discus articularis = leddskive
#6: Det proksimale Sterkt bånd på volarsiden (lig. Radiocarpale parmale) går fra basis av proc. Styloideus radii til os. Lunatum og hodet på os capitatum. Sterkt bånd på dorsalsiden går fra lig. Radiocarpale dorsale fra griffeltaggen til os lunatum og os triquetrum. Svakere bånd på volar- og ulnarsiden Det distale Kapselen fester seg langs kanten av leddflatene og blir forsterket av bånd. Volarsiden: Stjerneformet bånd går fra os capitatum og danner lig. Carpi radiatum
#9: Tibia = skinnbenet Fibula = leggbenet Talus = ristbenet – inneholder corpus/kropp, collum/hals og caput tali/hode Calceneus = hælbenet Talus + calceneus = 2 av syv fotrotsknokler (fotrot, mellomfots, tåknokler)
#10: Medial (5 knokler) – laterale (2 knokler) Art. = Articulatio Hengselsledd = en type sylinderledd Tibia = skinnbein Fibula = leggben Talus = ristbenet Trochlea tali = leddflaten på kroppen til Talus Sideflatene dannes av skinnebenets ankelknoke på innsiden og den nederste, fortykkede delen av leggbenet på utsiden. Begge disse bena holdes sammen ved hjelp av kraftige, stramme bånd, og de griper over vristbenet som en gaffel og ruller frem og tilbake når vi går.
#11: Tibiamalleolen = den indre ankelknoken Fibulamalleolen = den ytre ankelknoken Bilde = laterale sidebånd
#12: Trochela tali = snellen Tibia og fibula = gaffelen Plantarflektert = senker fotspissen litt (bøyning mot fotsålen) Foten beveges lettest nedover – bevegelsesutslag 60-80 grader Plantar = strekking Dorsal = bøyning
#13: Collum tali = innsøret hals på Talus Processus posterior tali = fremspring i ristbenet/talus som går bakover Trochlea tali = kroppen (klossformet legemet) til Talus Vristleddet muliggjør sidebevegelser i foten, ved leddforbindelsen mellom hælbenet, fotrotsknoklene og vristbenet. Til sammen med hengselsleddets bevegelse, kan foten derfor gå i alle retninger.

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