Honors ~ Cellular respiration & photosytnesis 1213
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This document discusses cellular respiration and photosynthesis, and then focuses on the dangers of the banned weight loss substance 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP). DNP uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, causing ATP to be consumed rapidly without being generated, leading to increased metabolism and weight loss. However, DNP is also highly toxic, causing death in some cases by overheating the body. While it was used as a diet aid in the 1930s, it was banned in most countries and is still dangerous if used for weight loss.
Honors ~ Cellular respiration & photosytnesis 1213
- 31. Photosynthesis
- 56. Tragedy of the gifted rugby player, 18, who died after buying deadly 'fat-burning' pills online, the Daily Mail reports. It is just of one of many newspapers and websites who have reported on the death of Chris Mapletoft, who died after taking 2,4Dinitrophenol (DNP). This is a banned substance that has been marketed on the internet as a "wonder slimming aid". DNP has also been linked with the deaths of students Sarmad Alladin and Sarah Houston earlier in 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBVnM9T5er8
- 57. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP, or simply DNP), C6H4N2O5, is an inhibitor of efficient energy (ATP) production in cells with mitochondria. Consider potential targets.
- 58. Warning signs of DNP poisoning Warning signs include: hot dry skin excessive thirst excessive sweating abnormally fast heartbeat rapid breathing In 1933, an American researcher discovered that when taken by humans, DNP dramatically speeds up the metabolism leading to rapid weight loss. It was subsequently marketed as a weight loss drug. It was quickly withdrawn from the market, however, after it was found to be highly toxic, causing significant side effects and in some cases, deaths. In 1938 the American Food and Drug Agency issued a statement saying DNP was extremely dangerous and not fit for human consumption. It appears that DNP has becoming increasing popular during the last decade among bodybuilders for its "quick-fix" ability to lead to rapid weight loss. Presumably this information was spread both by
- 59. It uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by carrying protons across the mitochondrial membrane, leading to a rapid consumption of energy without generation of ATP. Given your understanding of oxidative phosphorylation, how do you think this would drive weight loss?
- 60. Pharmacological action In living cells, DNP acts as a proton ionophore, an agent that can shuttle protons (hydrogen cations) across biological membranes. Consider significance.
- 61. Mechanism: DNP uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by carrying protons across the mitochondrial membrane, leading to a rapid consumption of energy without generation of ATP. It defeats the proton gradient across mitochondria and chloroplast membranes, collapsing the proton motive force that the cell uses to produce most of its ATP chemical energy. Instead of producing ATP, the energy of the proton gradient is lost as heat.