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HORMONE REPRODUCTION FOR FIN FISH AND SHELL FISH.pptx

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This document summarizes hormone reproduction in finfish and shellfish. It discusses how pituitary extracts and purified hormones like HCG can be used to induce spawning in finfish by bypassing the brain-pituitary link and acting directly on the ovaries and testes. For shellfish like shrimp, it describes how hormones produced by the eyestalks and Y-organ control molting and reproduction, and how hormones may be manipulated to improve growth and reproductive performance in commercial aquaculture. The goal is to better understand endocrine control of reproduction in economically important species.

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HORMONEREPRODUCTIONFORFINFISHANDSHELLFISH PHYSIOLOGY, CYTOLOGY &GENETICS SUBMITTED BY ¨C PRABIR SAHOO ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY ,TAMILNADU
SUBJECT ? REPRODUCTION ?CLASSIFICATION OF REPRODUCTION ?HORMONE REPRODUCTION FOR FIN FISH ?HORMONE REPRODUCTION FOR SHELL FISH ?CONCLUSION ?REFERANCE
?WHAT IS REPRODUCTION? Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organisms exists the result of reproduction ?CLASSIFICATION OF RETRODUCTION: Reproduction is two types - REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION A new ogranism is produce by one parent. The new organism will be identical to the parent SEXUAL REPRODUCTION It requires two parents each giving 23 chromosomes to the offspring
HORMONE REPRODUCTION FOR FIN FISH
?Pituitary extract : The pituitary gland produces and stores gonadotropin hormones (GtH), which play a decisive role in ovulation and spermiation. Injected pituitary material bypasses the brain-pituitary link, acting directly on the ovaries and testes, providing the surge in blood GtH levels that normally precedes spawning . .
?Commercial pituitary extracts : Common carp pituitary or salmon pituitary extracts, available commercially, are widely used for induced spawning. These are crude acetone-dried powdered whole pituitaries. Therefore, carp, goldfish, Chinese carps, catfish, etc., are more likely to spawn successfully when injected with pituitary extracts from carp. Salmon, trout, etc., are more likely to spawn successfully when salmon pituitary is used. However, both are effective on a wide variety of fish species
?Purified gonadotropin : To better quantify the hormone injected, purified gonadotropin hormones are frequently used. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is the most common purified gonadotropin hormone used for induced spawning. In fish, the injected gonadotropin mimics the natural GtH produced by the fish¡¯s pituitary. Just as is the case with pituitary extracts, purified hormones such as HCG bypass the brain-pituitary link, acting directly on the ovaries and testes (Figure 2). HCG has been used to spawn fish such as striped bass, white bass, red drum, catfish, and mullet.
?HCG + Pituitary extract : HCG, however, is not effective on all species. HCG has been used in combination with common carp pituitary extract; for some species, the combination has shown to have improved potency than either preparation used alone. The two hormones can be prepared and injected separately, or the HCG solution can be used when mixing the pituitary extract . ?luteinizing hormonereleasing hormones : Injections of mammalian Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) have been used experimentally to mimic the fish¡¯s GnRH. However, a comparatively large dose and frequent injections were required. Recently, synthetic LHRH analogs, referred to as LHRHa or GnRHa, have been manufactured.
HORMONE REPRODUCTION FOR SHELL FISH
?Eyestalk optic ganglia The optic ganglia in the eyestalks of shrimp synthesize several peptide hormones that play important roles in controlling growth and reproduction. This hormone family includes the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, molt-inhibiting hormone, growth-inhibiting hormone, vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone, red pigment- concentrating hormone, and distal-retinal pigment hormone. Other neurotransmitters and neuromodulators like serotonin and norepinephrin are also in this family.
?Molting hormone Shrimp molting is controlled by the eyestalk system and the Y-organ (endocrine gland) through the production of the hormone ?-ecdysone, the precursor of 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is responsible for molting. Since growth in shrimp occurs through molting, there is much interest in its potential control. Controlling molting in shrimp clearly would be of great economic relevance, especially if soft-shelled shrimp that did not require deshelling during processing could be produced. ?Metabolic hormones Metabolic hormones include the crustacean cardioactive peptide, produced by the thoracic ganglion and involved in immunoreactivity, and the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CCH) produced by the X organ but released by the sinus gland. CHH regulates the release of glucose from the hepatopancreas, and is known to undergo daily fluctuation with a small peak in the morning and a large peak at night.
?Androgenic hormone Produced by the androgenic glands and present only in male shrimp, androgenic hormone is responsible for the development of masculine characteristics, including gonads and spermatogenesis. ?Vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone Recently, much attention has focused on vitellogenin, the precursor to the egg yolk protein vitellin. Vitellin, a lipo-glycocarotenoprotein with a high molecular weight, is the major yolk protein of mature shrimp eggs. With 28 to 35 percent lipid, vitellin is the primary source of lipid for membrane formation and energy storage for developing nauplii.
?Conclusion The control of hormone production in shrimp and other economically important decapod crustaceans is still not well understood. Through improved nutrition and feeding/production techniques, the shrimp endocrine system could be controlled and manipulated to improve reproductive and growth performance under commercial culture conditions.
?REFERANCES : ?The work reported in this publication was supported in part by The Southern Regional Aquaculture Center through Grant No. 89-38500-4516 from the United States Department of Agriculture. ALBERT G.J. TACON, PH.D. ?Aquatic Farms Ltd. 49-139 Kamehameha Highway Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 USA agjtacon@aol.com
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HORMONE REPRODUCTION FOR FIN FISH AND SHELL FISH.pptx

  • 2. SUBJECT ? REPRODUCTION ?CLASSIFICATION OF REPRODUCTION ?HORMONE REPRODUCTION FOR FIN FISH ?HORMONE REPRODUCTION FOR SHELL FISH ?CONCLUSION ?REFERANCE
  • 3. ?WHAT IS REPRODUCTION? Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organisms exists the result of reproduction ?CLASSIFICATION OF RETRODUCTION: Reproduction is two types - REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION A new ogranism is produce by one parent. The new organism will be identical to the parent SEXUAL REPRODUCTION It requires two parents each giving 23 chromosomes to the offspring
  • 5. ?Pituitary extract : The pituitary gland produces and stores gonadotropin hormones (GtH), which play a decisive role in ovulation and spermiation. Injected pituitary material bypasses the brain-pituitary link, acting directly on the ovaries and testes, providing the surge in blood GtH levels that normally precedes spawning . .
  • 6. ?Commercial pituitary extracts : Common carp pituitary or salmon pituitary extracts, available commercially, are widely used for induced spawning. These are crude acetone-dried powdered whole pituitaries. Therefore, carp, goldfish, Chinese carps, catfish, etc., are more likely to spawn successfully when injected with pituitary extracts from carp. Salmon, trout, etc., are more likely to spawn successfully when salmon pituitary is used. However, both are effective on a wide variety of fish species
  • 7. ?Purified gonadotropin : To better quantify the hormone injected, purified gonadotropin hormones are frequently used. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is the most common purified gonadotropin hormone used for induced spawning. In fish, the injected gonadotropin mimics the natural GtH produced by the fish¡¯s pituitary. Just as is the case with pituitary extracts, purified hormones such as HCG bypass the brain-pituitary link, acting directly on the ovaries and testes (Figure 2). HCG has been used to spawn fish such as striped bass, white bass, red drum, catfish, and mullet.
  • 8. ?HCG + Pituitary extract : HCG, however, is not effective on all species. HCG has been used in combination with common carp pituitary extract; for some species, the combination has shown to have improved potency than either preparation used alone. The two hormones can be prepared and injected separately, or the HCG solution can be used when mixing the pituitary extract . ?luteinizing hormonereleasing hormones : Injections of mammalian Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) have been used experimentally to mimic the fish¡¯s GnRH. However, a comparatively large dose and frequent injections were required. Recently, synthetic LHRH analogs, referred to as LHRHa or GnRHa, have been manufactured.
  • 10. ?Eyestalk optic ganglia The optic ganglia in the eyestalks of shrimp synthesize several peptide hormones that play important roles in controlling growth and reproduction. This hormone family includes the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, molt-inhibiting hormone, growth-inhibiting hormone, vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone, red pigment- concentrating hormone, and distal-retinal pigment hormone. Other neurotransmitters and neuromodulators like serotonin and norepinephrin are also in this family.
  • 11. ?Molting hormone Shrimp molting is controlled by the eyestalk system and the Y-organ (endocrine gland) through the production of the hormone ?-ecdysone, the precursor of 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is responsible for molting. Since growth in shrimp occurs through molting, there is much interest in its potential control. Controlling molting in shrimp clearly would be of great economic relevance, especially if soft-shelled shrimp that did not require deshelling during processing could be produced. ?Metabolic hormones Metabolic hormones include the crustacean cardioactive peptide, produced by the thoracic ganglion and involved in immunoreactivity, and the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CCH) produced by the X organ but released by the sinus gland. CHH regulates the release of glucose from the hepatopancreas, and is known to undergo daily fluctuation with a small peak in the morning and a large peak at night.
  • 12. ?Androgenic hormone Produced by the androgenic glands and present only in male shrimp, androgenic hormone is responsible for the development of masculine characteristics, including gonads and spermatogenesis. ?Vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone Recently, much attention has focused on vitellogenin, the precursor to the egg yolk protein vitellin. Vitellin, a lipo-glycocarotenoprotein with a high molecular weight, is the major yolk protein of mature shrimp eggs. With 28 to 35 percent lipid, vitellin is the primary source of lipid for membrane formation and energy storage for developing nauplii.
  • 13. ?Conclusion The control of hormone production in shrimp and other economically important decapod crustaceans is still not well understood. Through improved nutrition and feeding/production techniques, the shrimp endocrine system could be controlled and manipulated to improve reproductive and growth performance under commercial culture conditions.
  • 14. ?REFERANCES : ?The work reported in this publication was supported in part by The Southern Regional Aquaculture Center through Grant No. 89-38500-4516 from the United States Department of Agriculture. ALBERT G.J. TACON, PH.D. ?Aquatic Farms Ltd. 49-139 Kamehameha Highway Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 USA agjtacon@aol.com