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8MINUTEREAD|DECEMBER5,2016
HowdataisrenewingandreshapingRiode
Janeiro
LatinAmerica City/Urban,Technology
StandingwithPabloCerdeira,Rio’sfirstchiefdataofficer,wehavearguablythebestviewofthecity.We’renot
uponChristtheRedeemerorSugarloafMountain,butinsideRio’sthree-storeyOperationsCentre,looking
downoveritsmissioncontrol.Thewholecityisrepresentedinfrontofusinmultipledimensionsonahuge
wallofscreens–livevideofootagecombinedwithtrafficdata,weatherpredictions,andmapsofcurrent
incidentsincludingfloods,accidents,andpowerfailures.
MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutRio’suseofreal-timedatatoprovidecoordinatedemergencyresponse.Butwe’re
heretoaskCerdeiraaboutanother,moreproactiveuseofthisdata,championedbyhisorganisationPENSA.
Rio’sdatadynamics
“ThemayorcreatedPENSA–roomofideas–in2013,”Cerdeiratellsus.“Ourobjectiveistousedatafrom
publicandprivatepartnerstodesignpublicpolicy.Wehavecreatedahugedatabase,capableofprocessingup
to50billionrecords,includingcellphonedata,busGPS,anddatacollectedthroughourpartnershipwith
Waze.”
PENSAhasusedthisdatatotacklesomeofthecity’stoughestchallenges,includingitstopthreeissues–
securityplanning,health,andtraffic.PENSA’srecordisimpressive.Injustoverthreeyears,ithaslaunched
overfi yprojects–fromtacklingdenguefever(amosquito-bornedisease)topreventingfloodstoidentifying
newwastesites.PENSAhasseenRioimplementmanyofitsproposedsolutions,leadingtoanestimated
US$50mofsavings.Andallthisfromateamofjustsixpeople.Sowhathasbeenthekeytotheirsuccess?
Tacklingtrafficthroughbuildingpartnerships
“First,”saysCerdeira,“it’sbeencriticaltobuildpartnershipsacrosstheprivatesector–forexamplewith
Waze,Strava,cellphonecompanies,andsoon–andacademia,forexamplewithFundaçãoGetúlioVargasand
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).Notonlydoesthisprovideuswithcrucialleverage,insomecases
ithasalsohelpedtoopenupdata.”
CerdeiraexplainshowthepartnershipwithWazehasenabledPENSAtohelptackleoneofthecity’smost
pressingproblems–traffic.“Over9%ofthecity’sGDPiswastedbypeoplesittingintrafficjams,”hesays.
“ThroughourpartnershipwithWaze,andthereportssentbyourcitizens,wewereabletomeasurethecostof
everysingletrafficjaminthecity,andthereforehowlongitwouldtaketopaybackthecostofanintervention
CityofficialsinRioareusingdatafrompublicandprivatepartnerstodesignpublicpolicy
DataisbeingusedtotackleRio'stopthreeissues–securityplanning,health,andtraffic
Dataandtechnologycanhelpleadthewaytoamoredemocratic,moreparticipativegovernment
inthatarea.Forexample,wecalculatedthataninterventioninthesecond-worsttrafficareawouldbreakeven
financiallya er4-5years.Inthisway,wewereabletoprioritiseinterventionsandquicklystarttoimplement
them.Nowtrafficinthecityhasimprovedtothelevelof10-20yearsago.It’stheequivalentofgivingsixdays
peryearbacktoeverycitizen–timetheyusedtospendintraffic.”
ReshapingRio,fortheOlympicsandthedecadestocome
ThesecondelementthathasbeencriticaltoPENSA’ssuccessispoliticalsupport.“Fromtheoutset,wehad
thefullsupportofthemayor,”Cerdeiratoldus,“andthisiscriticalgivenourcrosscuttingapproach,whichcan
sometimesbringusintoconflictwithestablishedcitydepartments.Somedepartmentswereinitiallysceptical
ofourdata-basedapproach.However,oncewewereabletodemonstratesomegoodoutcomes,bythetimethe
Olympicscamearoundwewereworkingtogetherinclosecollaborationwithalmosteverydepartment.”
Throughitsdata-drivenunderstandingofwherepeopleinthecitytraveltoandfrom,PENSAwasableto
provideanalysisinsupportofthelocationsoftheOlympicssitesandtohelpdesignthenewinfrastructure
requiredtosupportthem.
“TheOlympicssiteselectionwassupportedbytwoprojectsthatwedidwiththeaimofdecreasingtraffic
congestionandincreasingproductivehours,”explainsCerdeira.“Werealisedthat70%ofcitizensliveintwo
areasofthecity(inthenorthandwest),butmostjobsareconcentratedelsewhere.Basedonthisanalysis,we
supportedafi y-yearplan(VisãoRio500)tostarttorelocatejobsclosertowherepeoplelive.TheOlympics
siteswerechosentostimulatetheseareas.
“Butofcourse,thesesiteswouldcreateadditionaltraffic.WeknowthatroadcapacityisprettystretchedinRio
becauseofourmountains,butusingcellphonedatawewereabletocalculatetheexactcapacityofeachroad
ateachtimeofday,inapartnershipwiththeresearchinstitutesCOPPE/UFRJandMIT.Basedonthisanalysis,
thecityofRiodecidedtocreateacompletelynewtransportationnetwork.Partofthisnewnetworkisalready
inplace,composedofthreenewconnectionscreatedbytwotunnelsandtwoBRTs(busrapidtransits).”
TheOlympicssiteshavebeensuccessfulinstartingtoreorientthecityanditscommutingroutes.PENSA
observedthatjourneysfromBarratoMadureira,theexactjourneythattheywantedtostimulate,increasedby
40%duringtheWorldCup.Andthankstothetunnels,theaveragepeaktimejourneyswerereducedby45-60
minutes.
Bringingadifferentperspectivetothefightagainstdengue
Finally,andperhapsmostimportantly,Cerdeiratellsus,heassembledagreatteam.Unsurprisingly,froma
manwhoisaprofessoroflawandtechnology,policymaker,programmer,andstudentofmathematicsand
engineering,inadditiontohisroleaschiefdataofficer,Cerdeirasoughtouttalentedpolymathswithan
interestinsocialimpact.
“Havinggoodpeopleworkingwithyouiscrucial,”saysCerdeira.“Youneedtohavepeoplewhoarereally
engagedintheproject.Wearealwayslookingforpeoplewithatechnicalbackgroundwhocaredeeplyabout
socialimpact.Andweputgreatvalueondiversityofinterestsandperspectives–so,forexample,wehavean
environmentalengineerwholovestoreadPierreLévy.Thisallowsustoseeconnectionsandtobring
crosscuttingsolutionstocomplexproblems.”
ThiscrosscuttingapproachwasevidentinPENSA’sprojecttoreducecasesofdenguefeverinthecity.“Dengue
casescostthecityUS$13min2013,”saysCerdeira.“Usingtheinsightthatpeoplespreaddengueastheytravel
throughthecity,wegeocodedallthedenguecasesinRiointhelast4-5yearstotrytoidentifyhowdengue
spread.Inthedatawecouldseethattwoareasofthecitynotonlyhadthehighestnumberofcasesbut,
crucially,thecasesstartedherethreeweeksbeforeotherareas”.
“Wesaid,let’sforgetabouttherestofthecity,let’slaunchanintensetargetedcampaignintheseareas,and
seewhathappens.Weledateamfromthegarbagecollectioncompanytocleanupthewastegroundand
especiallystandingwater,andusedschoolstoreachfamiliesandsetchallengesforthemtocleanuptheirown
homes.BytargetingthesetwoareaswewereabletoreducedenguecasesinRioby98%injustoneyear.Riois
nowinamazingshapeintermsofthefightondengue.”
Leadingthewaytoamoredemocraticgovernment
Cerdeirabelievesthatopendataandcollaborativeinitiativeshavethepotentialtocreateimpactbeyondthe
importantfirst-orderimpactoftimeandmoneysaved.
“Whatweseehappeningallovertheworld,inBrexitandTrumpandelectionshereinBrazil,isaresultof
citizensfeelingexcludedfrompublicdecision-making.Manypeople,Ibelieve,feeldisengagedandtheyuse
theirvotetoprotestagainsttheestablishedorder.TechnologiessuchasTwitterandWazeallowustolistento
citizensandthereforebringthembackintothedemocraticprocess.Bycommunicatinginformationtoeach
other,thegovernmentandthecitizencollaborateandstarttounderstandeachother’ssituation.Itismyhope
thatdataandtechnologycanhelpleadthewaytoamoredemocratic,moreparticipativegovernment.”

FURTHERREADING
Casestudy:NotaCarioca:electronictaxadministrationinRiodeJaneiro
Casestudy:RiodeJaneiro’scentreofoperations:COR
Casestudy:FightingdrugcrimeinRiodeJaneiro’s‘favelas’
TurningpolicyintoactioninColombia.PaulaAcostaexplainshowColombia’sgovernmentstrivesto
makechangereal
TalesofgovernmentdeliveryinChile.Chile’scitizensmaybenefitfromastrongeconomyandhighliving
standardsbutthereisalwaysscopeforimprovement.Wehearfromthecountry’sformerdeliverychief,
ClaudioSeebach,abouthowhesoughttoraisethebar
How‘delivery’isboostingdevelopmentacrossLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.MarianoLafuente’s
remitextendsacross26countriesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.Histask?Strengtheningthe
performanceofgovernmentslargeandsmall.Hetellsuswhyoutcomesanddeliveryarerisingupthe
agenda
BuildingabetterBuenosAires.Ameltingpotofcultures,passionsandpeoples,BuenosAiresis
deploying‘deliverology’andperformancemanagementmetricstoboostresultsandstrengthencitizen
outcomes.Thecity’sgeneralsecretary,FernandoStraface,tellsusaboutaspirationandimpact

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How data is renewing and reshaping rio de janeiro