際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo
Why	
 So'ware	
 Is	
 Ea/ng	
 The	
 World	
 
亳从仂仍舒亶	
 舒仍亳亠仆从仂,	
 	
 
CEO	
 Prom.ua
Why	
 So'ware	
 Is	
 Ea/ng	
 The	
 World	
 
Essay	
 by	
 MARC	
 ANDREESSEN	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 
August	
 20,	
 2011
Peter H. Diamandis, MD
亟亠亠	
 仍亠	
 亠仄	
 仆舒仄	
 从舒亢亠	
 
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
	
 亢亳于亠仄	
 于	
 仗仂	
 亳亰仂弍亳仍亳	
 
仍仂弍舒仍仆亶	
 	
 
仂亟仂仍亢亳亠仍仆仂	
 亢亳亰仆亳	
 
亟舒	
 
亅仆亠亞亳	
 
弌于磶	
 
丐舒仆仗仂
仂亟于亠亢亟亠仆亳亠	
 亠从亠亞仂	
 亳亰仂弍亳仍亳	
 
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
Source: TheEconomist
亠亟仆仂 亳亠亰舒亠PopulationinBillions
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
0
1
2
People Living on $1.25 or Less a Day
-于仂 舒仆  亟亠仄仂从舒亳亠从亳仄亳
亠亢亳仄舒仄亳
#ofDemocratic
Regimes
1800 1900 1950 2000 20101850
100
80
60
40
20
00
Source: Human Security Report Project, The Peace Research Institute ofOslo
仂亠仆仆亠 仗仂亠亳World-Wide
BattleDeaths
1940 2000
25
20
15
10
5
0
1950
Colonial
1960
Interstate
1970
Civil
1980 1990
Civil (with foreign intervention)
仂仍亳亠于仂 亟亠亠亶 于 亠仄亠NumberofCountries
1950 1990
0
200
1970
50
100
150
6+ 5.0  5.9
Source: http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Analitiytical-Figures/htm/fig_9.htm
2010
4.0  4.9
2030
3.0  3.9
2050
2.1  2.9
2070 2090
Under 2.1
Source: United Nations Development Program
弌亠亟仆亠仄亳仂于舒 仗仂亟仂仍亢亳亠仍仆仂
亢亳亰仆亳
Years
1820 2010
0
80
1900
40
1950
20
60
67 Years
(+18 Years)
49 Years
(+18 Years)
31 Years
(+5 Years)26 Years
Source: Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: OECD, 2001).
弌亠亟仆亠亞仂亟仂于仂亠 亳仍仂 舒弍仂亳 舒仂于
Hours(1000s)
WorkedperPerson
1850 2000
3.0
2.5
2.0
1900
United States France
1950
Japan Brazil
1.5
50% Reduction
1.0
Source: National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration
弌仄亠仆仂 于 舒于仂 亳 舒于亳舒从舒舒仂舒Deathsper100MillionMilesTraveled
1900 1920 20101910 1980 20001930 1970 1990
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1940 1950
Automobile
1960
Airline
弌仄亠仆仂 仂 亳亳亶仆 弍亠亟于亳亶
(per 100K) from Natural Catastrophes
DeathRateper100,000
1900 1960 20101910 1980 20001920 1930 1940 1950 1970 1990
50
40
30
20
10
0
Flood Storm Epidemic Earthquake Drought
Source: Deloitte University Press
弌仂亳仄仂 亳仆亠仆亠 从舒仆舒仍仂于(1999-2012)$perGigabit/Sec(Gbps)
1999 2012
0
1400
2005
1200
20082002
200
1000
800
600
400
$1,245
<$10
Source: Deloitte University Press
弌仂亳仄仂 仗仂亠仂仂于(1992-2012)$per1MillionTransistors
1992 2012
0
200
2004
100
20081996 2000
$222
<$0.06
Source: Deloitte University Press
弌仂亳仄仂 舒仆亠仆亳 亟舒仆仆(1992-2015)$perGigabtye(GB)
1992 2012
0
600
2004
200
20081996 2000
400
$569
$0
Source: Mark Suster
弌仂亳仄仂 仂亰亟舒仆亳 亳仆亠仆亠 弍亳亰仆亠舒CostsofCreation
2000
0
$5M
$4M
$3M
$2M
$1M
2005
Open Source +
Horizontal Scaling
$5M
2009
Cloud +
AWS
2011
Developers Start
Companies
$500K
$50K $5K
仂亠仄?
仂亠仄 亠亶舒?
亅从仗仂仆亠仆亳舒仍仆亶
仂 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亶
丐亠仆仂仍仂亞亳  仂 舒 亳仍舒,
从仂仂舒 弍亠亠 仂-仂, 仂 于
亠亳亳亠 亳 亟亠仍舒亠 亠亞仂
亰仂弍亳仍亳亠仄
Calculations/Secper$1000computer
Moores Law  5th Paradigm of Exponential Growth
The exponential growth of
computing on a Logarithmic Plot
Calc./second for a $1000 laptop vs. Time
CalculationsperSecondper
$1000
Year	
 
24
2050
2023
2010
How software is eating the world
5 Mbytes - $120,000 128 Mbytes - $99 128 Gbytes - $99
1,000x
30,000,000x
1976  1st Digital Camera
0.01 MP/ 3.75 lbs / $10K
Sensor Explosion
1000x	
 Resolu/on	
 	
 
1000x	
 Lighter	
 	
 
1000x	
 Cheaper	
 
1,000,000,000 x better
2014  Digital Camera
>10 MP/ 0.03 lbs / $10
1 BILLION TIMES BETTER 
1,000x Resolution & 1,000 lighter & 1,000 cheaper

Steven Sasson
Sensor Explosion
Early ICBM Navigation
Inertial Measurement Unit
1960s $ Millions  50 lbs
Velocity/Orientation/Accel.
Accelerometer:$1
Gyroscope:$3
Molecular Machines
Free	
 &	
 embedded
Sensor Explosion
1st commercial GPSReceiver in 1981
Weight: 53 lbs; Cost:$119,900
SingleChip GPSReceiver
2010; <$5each
Paradigm Change: Robotics
Robotics - Googles Autonomous Car
Paradigm Change: Robotics
Moonshots Thinking
弌舒	
 弍仂仍亠	
 于	
 10	
 舒亰,	
 舒	
 仆亠	
 仆舒	
 10%
仂亠仄 仂 于舒亢仆仂
仂亞亟舒 于 亠仍亳亠 于 10 仂, 于
仗舒亠亠 仗仂亟仂亶亳 从 仗仂弍仍亠仄亠
舒亟亳从舒仍仆仂 仗仂 亟亞仂仄
仂亠仄	
 仂	
 于舒亢仆仂	
 
≒ 10X	
 vs	
 10%	
 仍亠仆亳亠	
 于	
 100	
 舒亰	
 仍亠.	
 
≒  仆仂	
 仆亠	
 于	
 100	
 舒亰	
 礀亠仍亠亠	
 于	
 
亟仂亳亢亠仆亳亳
亳仄亠	
 Moonshots	
 
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
How software is eating the world
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
丼仂	
 仂	
 亰仆舒亳	
 亟仍	
 于舒亠亞仂	
 弍亳亰仆亠舒
仍亳	
 于	
 仆亠	
 亟亠仍舒亠亠	
 Moonshot	
 -足	
 	
 	
 
从仂-足仂	
 仂	
 亟亠仍舒亠	
 磲仂仄	
 	
 于舒仄亳
丼仂	
 亟亠仍舒亠仄	
 仄	
 	
 亳仄	
 亰仆舒仆亳亠仄	
 
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
Alphabet-足亳亰舒亳	
 
弌仂亰亟舒仆亳亠	
 仂仍亟亳仆亞仂于仂亶	
 从	
 亟仍	
 
于仂亰仄仂亢仆仂亳	
 仆亠亰舒于亳亳仄	
 亳仆仆仂于舒亳亶	
 
舒亰亟亠仍亠仆亳亠	
 仗仂亟从仂于,	
 舒亳	
 仆舒	
 10%	
 亳	
 
仗亳仆仂亳	
 仗亳弍仍	
 亳	
 仗仂亠仆亳舒仍仆	
 
Moonshots	
 从仂仂亠	
 仄仂亞	
 仗仂仄仂	
 仆舒仄	
 
于舒亳	
 10
亟亠	
 弍亟亠	
 仄亳	
 亠亠亰	
 10	
 仍亠?	
 
仂亟亠仍亳仂于舒仆亳亠	
 仄舒从仂-足亳舒亳亳	
 
舒亠	
 仂仗亳仄舒仍仆仂亠	
 仄亠仂	
 于	
 仂仄	
 弍亟亠仄	
 
舒舒	
 舒亠亞亳	
 仗仂	
 亟仂亳亢亠仆亳	
 仂亞仂	
 
亠亰仍舒舒
ミ莞	
 仂	
 舒仄亶	
 亠仆仆亶	
 亠	
 
亳于舒	
 亰舒	
 舒仍舒仆	
 
仂仂亠仆亳亠	
 亳仍仆仂亶	
 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶	
 
从仗亠亳亰
丼仂弍	
 于亢亳	
 仆舒仄	
 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂	
 
≒ 仄亠	
 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠	
 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠	
 于亳亟亠仆亳亠
丼仂弍	
 于亢亳	
 仆舒仄	
 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂	
 
≒ 仄亠	
 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠	
 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠	
 于亳亟亠仆亳亠	
 
≒ 	
 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶	
 从仂仄仗舒仆亳亠亶	
 	
 
(仗仂仂亠仆亳亠	
 亳仍仆仂亶	
 IT	
 仗仂亟从仂于仂亶	
 
从仗亠亳亰)
丼仂弍	
 于亢亳	
 仆舒仄	
 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂	
 
≒ 仄亠	
 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠	
 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠	
 于亳亟亠仆亳亠	
 
≒ 	
 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶	
 从仂仄仗舒仆亳亠亶	
 	
 
(仗仂仂亠仆亳亠	
 亳仍仆仂亶	
 IT	
 仗仂亟从仂于仂亶	
 
从仗亠亳亰)	
 
≒ 	
 弍仄亳
丼仂弍	
 于亢亳	
 仆舒仄	
 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂	
 
≒ 仄亠	
 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠	
 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠	
 于亳亟亠仆亳亠	
 
≒ 	
 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶	
 从仂仄仗舒仆亳亠亶	
 	
 
(仗仂仂亠仆亳亠	
 亳仍仆仂亶	
 IT	
 仗仂亟从仂于仂亶	
 
从仗亠亳亰)	
 
≒ 	
 弍仄亳	
 
≒ 弌仂亰亟舒	
 亳仆仆仂于舒亳仂仆仆	
 舒仄仂亠	
 于仆亳
丼仂弍	
 于亢亳	
 仆舒仄	
 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂	
 
≒ 仄亠	
 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠	
 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠	
 于亳亟亠仆亳亠	
 
≒ 	
 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶	
 从仂仄仗舒仆亳亠亶	
 	
 
(仗仂仂亠仆亳亠	
 亳仍仆仂亶	
 IT	
 仗仂亟从仂于仂亶	
 
从仗亠亳亰)	
 
≒ 	
 弍仄亳	
 
≒ 弌仂亰亟舒	
 亳仆仆仂于舒亳仂仆仆	
 舒仄仂亠	
 于仆亳	
 
≒ Disrupt	
 亳	
 Challenge	
 舒仄亳	
 亠弍
弌仗舒亳弍仂	
 亰舒	
 于仆亳仄舒仆亳亠	
 
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
亟亠亠	
 仍亠	
 亠仄	
 仆舒仄	
 从舒亢亠	
 
- 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂?
- 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
舒亢亠	
 亠仗亠

More Related Content

How software is eating the world

  • 1. Why So'ware Is Ea/ng The World 亳从仂仍舒亶 舒仍亳亠仆从仂, CEO Prom.ua
  • 2. Why So'ware Is Ea/ng The World Essay by MARC ANDREESSEN August 20, 2011
  • 4. 亟亠亠 仍亠 亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠 - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
  • 5. 亢亳于亠仄 于 仗仂 亳亰仂弍亳仍亳 仍仂弍舒仍仆亶 仂亟仂仍亢亳亠仍仆仂 亢亳亰仆亳 亟舒 亅仆亠亞亳 弌于磶 丐舒仆仗仂
  • 6. 仂亟于亠亢亟亠仆亳亠 亠从亠亞仂 亳亰仂弍亳仍亳 - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
  • 7. Source: TheEconomist 亠亟仆仂 亳亠亰舒亠PopulationinBillions 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 0 1 2 People Living on $1.25 or Less a Day
  • 8. -于仂 舒仆 亟亠仄仂从舒亳亠从亳仄亳 亠亢亳仄舒仄亳 #ofDemocratic Regimes 1800 1900 1950 2000 20101850 100 80 60 40 20 00
  • 9. Source: Human Security Report Project, The Peace Research Institute ofOslo 仂亠仆仆亠 仗仂亠亳World-Wide BattleDeaths 1940 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 1950 Colonial 1960 Interstate 1970 Civil 1980 1990 Civil (with foreign intervention)
  • 10. 仂仍亳亠于仂 亟亠亠亶 于 亠仄亠NumberofCountries 1950 1990 0 200 1970 50 100 150 6+ 5.0 5.9 Source: http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Analitiytical-Figures/htm/fig_9.htm 2010 4.0 4.9 2030 3.0 3.9 2050 2.1 2.9 2070 2090 Under 2.1
  • 11. Source: United Nations Development Program 弌亠亟仆亠仄亳仂于舒 仗仂亟仂仍亢亳亠仍仆仂 亢亳亰仆亳 Years 1820 2010 0 80 1900 40 1950 20 60 67 Years (+18 Years) 49 Years (+18 Years) 31 Years (+5 Years)26 Years
  • 12. Source: Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: OECD, 2001). 弌亠亟仆亠亞仂亟仂于仂亠 亳仍仂 舒弍仂亳 舒仂于 Hours(1000s) WorkedperPerson 1850 2000 3.0 2.5 2.0 1900 United States France 1950 Japan Brazil 1.5 50% Reduction 1.0
  • 13. Source: National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration 弌仄亠仆仂 于 舒于仂 亳 舒于亳舒从舒舒仂舒Deathsper100MillionMilesTraveled 1900 1920 20101910 1980 20001930 1970 1990 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1940 1950 Automobile 1960 Airline
  • 14. 弌仄亠仆仂 仂 亳亳亶仆 弍亠亟于亳亶 (per 100K) from Natural Catastrophes DeathRateper100,000 1900 1960 20101910 1980 20001920 1930 1940 1950 1970 1990 50 40 30 20 10 0 Flood Storm Epidemic Earthquake Drought
  • 15. Source: Deloitte University Press 弌仂亳仄仂 亳仆亠仆亠 从舒仆舒仍仂于(1999-2012)$perGigabit/Sec(Gbps) 1999 2012 0 1400 2005 1200 20082002 200 1000 800 600 400 $1,245 <$10
  • 16. Source: Deloitte University Press 弌仂亳仄仂 仗仂亠仂仂于(1992-2012)$per1MillionTransistors 1992 2012 0 200 2004 100 20081996 2000 $222 <$0.06
  • 17. Source: Deloitte University Press 弌仂亳仄仂 舒仆亠仆亳 亟舒仆仆(1992-2015)$perGigabtye(GB) 1992 2012 0 600 2004 200 20081996 2000 400 $569 $0
  • 18. Source: Mark Suster 弌仂亳仄仂 仂亰亟舒仆亳 亳仆亠仆亠 弍亳亰仆亠舒CostsofCreation 2000 0 $5M $4M $3M $2M $1M 2005 Open Source + Horizontal Scaling $5M 2009 Cloud + AWS 2011 Developers Start Companies $500K $50K $5K
  • 21. 丐亠仆仂仍仂亞亳 仂 舒 亳仍舒, 从仂仂舒 弍亠亠 仂-仂, 仂 于 亠亳亳亠 亳 亟亠仍舒亠 亠亞仂 亰仂弍亳仍亳亠仄
  • 22. Calculations/Secper$1000computer Moores Law 5th Paradigm of Exponential Growth
  • 23. The exponential growth of computing on a Logarithmic Plot Calc./second for a $1000 laptop vs. Time CalculationsperSecondper $1000 Year 24 2050 2023 2010
  • 25. 5 Mbytes - $120,000 128 Mbytes - $99 128 Gbytes - $99 1,000x 30,000,000x
  • 26. 1976 1st Digital Camera 0.01 MP/ 3.75 lbs / $10K Sensor Explosion 1000x Resolu/on 1000x Lighter 1000x Cheaper 1,000,000,000 x better 2014 Digital Camera >10 MP/ 0.03 lbs / $10 1 BILLION TIMES BETTER 1,000x Resolution & 1,000 lighter & 1,000 cheaper Steven Sasson
  • 27. Sensor Explosion Early ICBM Navigation Inertial Measurement Unit 1960s $ Millions 50 lbs Velocity/Orientation/Accel. Accelerometer:$1 Gyroscope:$3 Molecular Machines Free & embedded
  • 28. Sensor Explosion 1st commercial GPSReceiver in 1981 Weight: 53 lbs; Cost:$119,900 SingleChip GPSReceiver 2010; <$5each
  • 30. Robotics - Googles Autonomous Car Paradigm Change: Robotics
  • 31. Moonshots Thinking 弌舒 弍仂仍亠 于 10 舒亰, 舒 仆亠 仆舒 10%
  • 32. 仂亠仄 仂 于舒亢仆仂 仂亞亟舒 于 亠仍亳亠 于 10 仂, 于 仗舒亠亠 仗仂亟仂亶亳 从 仗仂弍仍亠仄亠 舒亟亳从舒仍仆仂 仗仂 亟亞仂仄
  • 33. 仂亠仄 仂 于舒亢仆仂 ≒ 10X vs 10% 仍亠仆亳亠 于 100 舒亰 仍亠. ≒ 仆仂 仆亠 于 100 舒亰 礀亠仍亠亠 于 亟仂亳亢亠仆亳亳
  • 34. 亳仄亠 Moonshots - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
  • 36. - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
  • 37. - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
  • 38. - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
  • 39. - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
  • 40. 丼仂 仂 亰仆舒亳 亟仍 于舒亠亞仂 弍亳亰仆亠舒
  • 41. 仍亳 于 仆亠 亟亠仍舒亠亠 Moonshot -足 从仂-足仂 仂 亟亠仍舒亠 磲仂仄 于舒仄亳
  • 42. 丼仂 亟亠仍舒亠仄 仄 亳仄 亰仆舒仆亳亠仄 - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
  • 43. Alphabet-足亳亰舒亳 弌仂亰亟舒仆亳亠 仂仍亟亳仆亞仂于仂亶 从 亟仍 于仂亰仄仂亢仆仂亳 仆亠亰舒于亳亳仄 亳仆仆仂于舒亳亶 舒亰亟亠仍亠仆亳亠 仗仂亟从仂于, 舒亳 仆舒 10% 亳 仗亳仆仂亳 仗亳弍仍 亳 仗仂亠仆亳舒仍仆 Moonshots 从仂仂亠 仄仂亞 仗仂仄仂 仆舒仄 于舒亳 10
  • 44. 亟亠 弍亟亠 仄亳 亠亠亰 10 仍亠? 仂亟亠仍亳仂于舒仆亳亠 仄舒从仂-足亳舒亳亳 舒亠 仂仗亳仄舒仍仆仂亠 仄亠仂 于 仂仄 弍亟亠仄 舒舒 舒亠亞亳 仗仂 亟仂亳亢亠仆亳 仂亞仂 亠亰仍舒舒
  • 45. ミ莞 仂 舒仄亶 亠仆仆亶 亠 亳于舒 亰舒 舒仍舒仆 仂仂亠仆亳亠 亳仍仆仂亶 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶 从仗亠亳亰
  • 46. 丼仂弍 于亢亳 仆舒仄 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂 ≒ 仄亠 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠 于亳亟亠仆亳亠
  • 47. 丼仂弍 于亢亳 仆舒仄 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂 ≒ 仄亠 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠 于亳亟亠仆亳亠 ≒ 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶 从仂仄仗舒仆亳亠亶 (仗仂仂亠仆亳亠 亳仍仆仂亶 IT 仗仂亟从仂于仂亶 从仗亠亳亰)
  • 48. 丼仂弍 于亢亳 仆舒仄 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂 ≒ 仄亠 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠 于亳亟亠仆亳亠 ≒ 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶 从仂仄仗舒仆亳亠亶 (仗仂仂亠仆亳亠 亳仍仆仂亶 IT 仗仂亟从仂于仂亶 从仗亠亳亰) ≒ 弍仄亳
  • 49. 丼仂弍 于亢亳 仆舒仄 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂 ≒ 仄亠 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠 于亳亟亠仆亳亠 ≒ 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶 从仂仄仗舒仆亳亠亶 (仗仂仂亠仆亳亠 亳仍仆仂亶 IT 仗仂亟从仂于仂亶 从仗亠亳亰) ≒ 弍仄亳 ≒ 弌仂亰亟舒 亳仆仆仂于舒亳仂仆仆 舒仄仂亠 于仆亳
  • 50. 丼仂弍 于亢亳 仆舒仄 仆亠仂弍仂亟亳仄仂 ≒ 仄亠 仗舒于亳仍仆仂亠 亟仂仍亞仂仂仆仂亠 于亳亟亠仆亳亠 ≒ 亠仆仂仍仂亞亳亠从仂亶 从仂仄仗舒仆亳亠亶 (仗仂仂亠仆亳亠 亳仍仆仂亶 IT 仗仂亟从仂于仂亶 从仗亠亳亰) ≒ 弍仄亳 ≒ 弌仂亰亟舒 亳仆仆仂于舒亳仂仆仆 舒仄仂亠 于仆亳 ≒ Disrupt 亳 Challenge 舒仄亳 亠弍
  • 51. 弌仗舒亳弍仂 亰舒 于仆亳仄舒仆亳亠 - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳
  • 52. 亟亠亠 仍亠 亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠 - 仂亠仄 仆舒仄 从舒亢亠, 仂 于亠 仗仍仂仂? - 亠 仄仂亳亠 仆仂于仂亳