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The document discusses the various names used to refer to Tibet over history and across different languages, including the Tibetan name "Bod" meaning Tibet or Tibetan Plateau, although originally referring to the Lhasa region, as well as names used in Chinese like "Tufan" or modern "Xizang", and the origin of the name "Tibet" in European languages deriving from an Arabic term. It explores different transliterations of the Tibetan and Chinese names and theories about the earliest references to Tibet in ancient works.
![The Tibetan name for their land, Bod means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central
region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as ?. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [p???? ? ? ], is
transcribedBh? in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, B? in the THDL system, and Poi in Tibetan Pinyin. Some scholars believe
the first written reference to Bod "Tibet" was the ancient Bautai people recorded in the Egyptian Greek works Periplus of
the Erythraean Sea (A.D. 1st cent.) and Geographia (Ptolemy, A.D. 2nd cent.),[5] itself from the Sanskrit form Bhau??a of the
Indian geographical tradition.[6] The Tibetan name for their land, Bod means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it
originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as ?. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation
of Bod, [p???? ? ? ], is transcribedBh? in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, B? in the THDL system, and Poi in Tibetan Pinyin.
Some scholars believe the first written reference to Bod "Tibet" was the ancient Bautai people recorded in the Egyptian
Greek works Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (A.D. 1st cent.) and Geographia (Ptolemy, A.D. 2nd cent.),[5] itself from
the Sanskrit form Bhau??a of the Indian geographical tradition.[6]
The modern Mandarin exonym for "Tibet" is Z¨¤ngq¨± (²ØÇø), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region
around Shigatse, plus a prefix meaning "western". Tibetan people, language, and culture regardless of where they are from
are referred to as Z¨¤ng (²Ø), although the geographical term X¨©z¨¤ng is often limited to the Tibet Autonomous Region. The
term X¨©z¨¤ng was coined during the Qing Dynasty in the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (1796¨C1820).
The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is ÍÂÞ¬ (also ÍÁÞ¬ or ÍÁ·¬); in modern Mandarin, this is
pronounced T¨³f¨¡n or T¨³b¨. Whether T¨³b¨ is a valid pronunciation is the subject of debate, enjoying strong support
in Mainland China, but with some experts arguing that it is promoted purely for political reasons.[7]
This name first appears in Chinese characters as ÍÁ·¬ in the 7th-century (Li Tai) and as ÍÂÞ¬ in the 10th-century (Book of
Tang describing 608¨C609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor Yang of Sui). In the Middle
Chinese spoken during that period, as reconstructed by William H. Baxter, ÍÁ·¬ was pronounced thuX-phjon and ÍÂÞ¬ was
pronounced thuX-pjon (with the X representing tone).[8]
Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include žõ˹‡ø (w¨±s¨©gu¨®, cf. Tibetan dbus, ?, [wy?? ? ? ]), žõ˹²Ø (w¨±s¨©z¨¤ng, cf.
Tibetan dbus-gtsang, ?-Tsang), ˆD²®ÌØ (t¨²b¨®t¨¨), and ÌƹÅ߯ (t¨¢ngg¨³t¨¨, cf. Tangut).[7] American Tibetologist Elliot
Sperling has argued in favor of a recent tendency by some authors writing in Chinese to revive the term T¨²b¨®t¨¨ (simplified
Chinese: ͼ²®ÌØ; traditional Chinese: ˆD²®ÌØ) for modern use in place of X¨©z¨¤ng, on the grounds that T¨²b¨®t¨¨ more clearly
includes the entire Tibetan plateau rather than simply the Tibet Autonomous Region.[7]
The English word Tibet or Thibet dates back to the 18th century.[9] Historical linguists generally agree that "Tibet" names in
European languages are loanwords from Arabic ?¨©bat or T¨±b¨¡tt), itself deriving from Turkic T?b?d"The Heights"
(plural of t?b?n). [10]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation1-121026001852-phpapp01/85/how-to-great-powerpoint-in-ten-steps-34-320.jpg)
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- 34. The Tibetan name for their land, Bod means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as ?. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [p???? ? ? ], is transcribedBh? in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, B? in the THDL system, and Poi in Tibetan Pinyin. Some scholars believe the first written reference to Bod "Tibet" was the ancient Bautai people recorded in the Egyptian Greek works Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (A.D. 1st cent.) and Geographia (Ptolemy, A.D. 2nd cent.),[5] itself from the Sanskrit form Bhau??a of the Indian geographical tradition.[6] The Tibetan name for their land, Bod means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as ?. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [p???? ? ? ], is transcribedBh? in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, B? in the THDL system, and Poi in Tibetan Pinyin. Some scholars believe the first written reference to Bod "Tibet" was the ancient Bautai people recorded in the Egyptian Greek works Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (A.D. 1st cent.) and Geographia (Ptolemy, A.D. 2nd cent.),[5] itself from the Sanskrit form Bhau??a of the Indian geographical tradition.[6] The modern Mandarin exonym for "Tibet" is Z¨¤ngq¨± (²ØÇø), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse, plus a prefix meaning "western". Tibetan people, language, and culture regardless of where they are from are referred to as Z¨¤ng (²Ø), although the geographical term X¨©z¨¤ng is often limited to the Tibet Autonomous Region. The term X¨©z¨¤ng was coined during the Qing Dynasty in the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (1796¨C1820). The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is ÍÂÞ¬ (also ÍÁÞ¬ or ÍÁ·¬); in modern Mandarin, this is pronounced T¨³f¨¡n or T¨³b¨. Whether T¨³b¨ is a valid pronunciation is the subject of debate, enjoying strong support in Mainland China, but with some experts arguing that it is promoted purely for political reasons.[7] This name first appears in Chinese characters as ÍÁ·¬ in the 7th-century (Li Tai) and as ÍÂÞ¬ in the 10th-century (Book of Tang describing 608¨C609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor Yang of Sui). In the Middle Chinese spoken during that period, as reconstructed by William H. Baxter, ÍÁ·¬ was pronounced thuX-phjon and ÍÂÞ¬ was pronounced thuX-pjon (with the X representing tone).[8] Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include žõ˹‡ø (w¨±s¨©gu¨®, cf. Tibetan dbus, ?, [wy?? ? ? ]), žõ˹²Ø (w¨±s¨©z¨¤ng, cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang, ?-Tsang), ˆD²®ÌØ (t¨²b¨®t¨¨), and ÌƹÅ߯ (t¨¢ngg¨³t¨¨, cf. Tangut).[7] American Tibetologist Elliot Sperling has argued in favor of a recent tendency by some authors writing in Chinese to revive the term T¨²b¨®t¨¨ (simplified Chinese: ͼ²®ÌØ; traditional Chinese: ˆD²®ÌØ) for modern use in place of X¨©z¨¤ng, on the grounds that T¨²b¨®t¨¨ more clearly includes the entire Tibetan plateau rather than simply the Tibet Autonomous Region.[7] The English word Tibet or Thibet dates back to the 18th century.[9] Historical linguists generally agree that "Tibet" names in European languages are loanwords from Arabic ?¨©bat or T¨±b¨¡tt), itself deriving from Turkic T?b?d"The Heights" (plural of t?b?n). [10]
- 35. The Tibetan name for their land, Bod means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa.
- 38. ? ? ? ? ? ?
- 43. No matter how good your PowerPoint presentation is but ultimately it is you who matter most. Be confident and do best preparation and see the how magic works