Dr. Sanjay Kumar Sahu discusses identifying and selecting an appropriate research problem. He explains that a research problem should address a gap in existing knowledge, be novel, and be significant and practical. The researcher must also have the necessary skills, data, equipment, time and funding to study the problem. When selecting a problem, the researcher should analyze literature in their field, study recommendations from previous research, and consider problems identified through their experience, classroom discussions, or by surfing the internet. The problem must interest the researcher and be within their intellectual capabilities. Following these criteria helps ensure the selection of a suitable research problem.
This document provides information and guidance for students preparing for health professional school interviews. It outlines the purpose of interviews, common question types and topics, proper attire, and tips for preparing and participating in interviews. Interview formats vary by school but may include one-on-one, panel, or multiple mini-interviews. Questions assess fit, motivation, maturity, and handling of ethical issues. Schools evaluate applicants on criteria like communication skills and knowledge of their field. Mock interviews are available to help students practice their interview skills.
The document outlines the process of practice management for opening a new school health clinic. It involves 4 key steps: 1) Planning - assessing needs, setting SMART objectives, and strategic planning. 2) Preparation - organizing resources, space, staff, budget, and protocols. 3) Implementation - advertising the clinic and assigning roles. 4) Reviewing - collecting data, assessing performance against standards, identifying areas for improvement, and reassessing over time. The goal is to efficiently meet the healthcare needs of the community through balanced and cost-effective systems.
The document outlines the steps to choosing a research topic:
1. Brainstorm potential topics through considering relevance, feasibility, novelty, and ethics.
2. Conduct background research to understand aspects of the topic to focus on.
3. Specify the topic by identifying the area of interest, geographic area, time frame, and target population.
4. Formulate the research topic title using the framework of what, who, where, when and how, with proper capitalization and no abbreviations.
This document discusses various tools for data collection, including questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. Questionnaires allow collection of subjective and objective data from a large sample through a structured set of questions. Interviews can be structured, semi-structured, or in-depth and open-ended to collect qualitative information. Focus groups stimulate discussion around a topic among 8-10 participants led by a facilitator. Each tool has advantages like completeness of data but also disadvantages like bias or difficulty in analysis.
1) The document describes the author's journey to earning a DBA degree from Universiteit Nimbas and Bradford University.
2) It details his initial interest in a PhD program in 1999, the launch of the NIMBAS DBA program, and his experiences over the first two years writing papers and management papers.
3) The author emphasizes the importance of choosing a research topic you are passionate about, understanding research methodologies, and starting the thesis early. He discusses his data collection process and viva voce defense.
Explanation & justification of research methodsge_xxxx
油
This document discusses and compares qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research relies on in-depth responses from a smaller sample through open-ended questions, while quantitative research uses numerical data from closed questions with a larger sample to identify trends. The document also explains that the author chose to use a quantitative questionnaire to gather opinions from a wide range of students and staff, in order to get a large amount of comparable data, but acknowledges that it will lack depth.
PRESENTATION ON QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENTABHISHEK YALAL
油
This document provides an overview of questionnaires as a method for collecting primary data in research. It defines a questionnaire as a list of questions prepared by the researcher to collect data from respondents. The document discusses the background and invention of questionnaires, characteristics like using simple, objective questions, and types of open-ended and closed-ended questions. Advantages include low cost, time efficiency, and wide coverage, while disadvantages include issues with illiterate respondents and incomplete answers. Examples of questionnaires are also provided.
The document discusses various tools and methods used for data collection in research. It describes primary and secondary sources of data and some common methods for collecting data like interviews, questionnaires, observation, and various scales. Specific tools are discussed for each method - for interviews these include interview schedules and opinionnaires, questionnaires use tools like attitude scales and Likert scales, and observation uses tools like rating scales and checklists. Guidelines for developing questionnaires and uses of different types of scales are also provided.
A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of questions used to gather information from respondents. There are two main types of questionnaires: open-ended questionnaires that allow free responses and closed-ended questionnaires that provide answer choices. Well-designed questionnaires keep questions concise and simple, assure respondent anonymity, and are pretested to identify issues before widespread use. Questionnaires provide an efficient way to collect standardized self-reported data from a large number of people but rely on respondents and may receive incomplete answers.
Questionnaire in Research Methodology
Definition Significance Scope
Questionnaire and Schedule
Similarities Differences
Qualities of a Good Questionnaire
Types of Questions
Preparing and Administering Questionnaire
How to Develop a Questionnaire for
Research?
Questionnaire Wording.
Unit I
Introduction; meaning and nature of research; significance of research in business decision making, identification and formulation of research problem, setting objectives and formulation of hypotheses.
Unit-II
Research design and data collection; research designs exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic and experimental data collection; universe, survey population, sampling and sampling designs. data collection tools- schedule, questionnaire, interview and observation, use of SPSS.
Unit-III
Scaling techniques; need for scaling, problems of scaling, reliability and validity of scales, scale construction techniques- arbitrary approach, consensus scale approach (Thurston), item analysis approach (Likert) and cumulative scales (Gut mans Scalogram)
Unit-IV
Interpretation and report writing; introduction, meaning of interpretation, techniques and precautions in interpretation and generalization report writing- purpose, steps and format of research report and final presentation of the research report.
Dmitri Mendeleev was a Russian chemist and inventor who is credited with creating the first version of the periodic table of elements. His periodic table arranged the elements based on their atomic masses and chemical properties, and predicted properties of undiscovered elements that would fill gaps in the table, many of which were later discovered.
This document discusses questionnaires as a tool for data collection in nursing research. It defines questionnaires as structured self-report instruments used to gather information from subjects through written or verbal responses. The document outlines the key features, types, questions, format, administration, advantages, and limitations of questionnaires. It emphasizes that questionnaires are commonly used in descriptive nursing studies to gather a broad spectrum of information from subjects about facts, beliefs, attitudes, opinions, and knowledge.
Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established systematic fashion, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes.
This document provides guidance on creating and conducting effective surveys to obtain customer feedback. It discusses why surveys are useful, the steps to create a survey such as establishing a title, determining the target audience, and identifying questions. The document also covers determining the survey distribution method, response rates, and how to interpret results. The goal is to provide businesses with information to design surveys that generate high-quality feedback for improving products, services and customer experience.
Schedules and questionnaire for data collection-Pragathi G SSundar B N
油
Schedule is a structured set of questions used in personal interviews, while a questionnaire is filled out independently by respondents. Some key differences are:
- Schedules are filled out by enumerators during interviews, while questionnaires are filled out by respondents themselves.
- Response rates tend to be higher with schedules since enumerators can ensure all questions are answered, whereas respondents may not fully complete questionnaires.
- Schedules allow for gathering data from both literate and illiterate respondents, but questionnaires require literacy.
Here are the completed statements with appropriate infinitives:
1. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the campaign.
2. The objective of the investigation is to determine the cause of the road accidents.
3. The aim of the report is to examine the effects of stress on employees.
4. The study intends to identify the cause of the landslide.
5. The research hopes to identify the reasons behind students lack of moral values.
Weakness and strength of Primary and secondary dataMfaume
油
Diagnosis is a critical process that involves data collection, interpretation and identification of problem area. Critically discuss the method of data collection and provide their strength and weakness in diagnosis process.
The document is a career research assignment completed by Gia Foretia exploring a career as a pediatrician. It includes sections on the job description, working conditions, education and training requirements, potential post-secondary education paths, relevant work experience and volunteer opportunities, networking contacts, an evaluation of research sources, and a reflection on why Gia is still interested in this career. The document provides in-depth research and analysis of becoming a pediatrician, including 4 years of undergraduate study, 4 years of medical school, a 3-4 year residency program, and average salaries ranging from $100,000-$160,000.
Dr. Tuan Nguyenduy is a cardiothoracic surgeon at Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System who became interested in cardiac surgery after observing an open-heart surgery in medical school. He completed medical school, 5 years of general surgery residency, 2 years of cardiothoracic surgery fellowship, and obtained board certification in both general and cardiothoracic surgery. A typical day involves seeing patients one day a week in the office and operating the other four days, finding the most challenging and satisfying aspects to be handling unexpected situations critically and helping patients recover.
Classroom-Based Research EVO 2016 Week 3: "Data collection tools for resear...ClassResearchEVO
油
This document discusses data collection tools for classroom-based research. It defines data as information obtained from research subjects. Various tools are described such as tests, essays, anecdotes, diaries, photos, and social media posts. Key considerations for data collection include where, when, how often, and who will collect data. Triangulation of data using multiple tools increases validity. Examples of tools include questionnaires, observation, documentation, interviews, journals, and stimulated recall. Developing Potentially Exploitable Pedagogic Activities allows collecting data through normal classroom activities to benefit students. Research ethics and validity, reliability, usability, and objectivity are also discussed.
The document discusses various tools used for data collection in research such as observation schedules, interview schedules, interview guides, questionnaires, rating scales, checklists, and document schedules. It provides details on how each tool is used, the differences between schedules and questionnaires, and guidelines for constructing effective schedules and questionnaires. A pilot study or pretesting is recommended to test the data collection tools, identify any issues, and make necessary revisions before the full research study.
This is an exclusive presentation on data collection for researchers in National Institutes Labor of Administration & Training (NILAT), Ministry of production, government of Pakistan
This document discusses three common data collection methods: observation, interview, and questionnaire. Observation involves personally watching and interacting with research subjects and can be participatory or non-participatory. Interviews are verbal conversations with research participants that can be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured. Questionnaires are paper surveys containing a list of questions for respondents to answer in writing.
The document provides guidance for writing a graduate school statement of purpose. It discusses the different types of essays that graduate programs may require, including general statements of purpose and essays that answer specific questions. The document offers tips for developing ideas, examples to support points, and outlines what to include in the essay like background, goals, and interest in the program/university. It also provides sample essay questions, worksheets, and a sample statement of purpose to help students structure their own strong essays.
Schedule and QuestionnaireDifference between Schedule and QuestionnaireTech...sanjay s.kumar
油
The document discusses the key differences between questionnaires and schedules as data collection instruments. It notes that schedules are administered through personal interviews by enumerators, making the process more expensive but allowing respondents to be identified and ensuring complete responses. Questionnaires are generally self-administered, making the process cheaper but resulting in higher non-response rates and incomplete information. The document also provides guidelines for developing valid and reliable questionnaires and schedules, including question structure, sequence, pre-testing and measuring various types of validity and reliability.
The document provides guidance on finding a job in life sciences research and teaching. It emphasizes the importance of obtaining a PhD and postdoc from top laboratories to build a strong publication record and network. Choosing a mentor with a track record of students obtaining good jobs is key. The document also discusses strategies for applying to jobs, including networking, developing a strong application, and preparing for interviews. Overall, it stresses developing scientific credentials and visibility to maximize chances of securing an independent position.
7 (good) reasons why I am discouraging students from using surveys as a data ...Bridgette Hattingh - PrQS
油
Students seem to choose surveys as their preferred method of data collection for their thesis.
I have no idea why.
I am on a mission to discourage this.
Share the HECK out of this presentation so that we can stop students from unwittingly exposing themselves to this (self-inflicted) torture ! ! !
PRESENTATION ON QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENTABHISHEK YALAL
油
This document provides an overview of questionnaires as a method for collecting primary data in research. It defines a questionnaire as a list of questions prepared by the researcher to collect data from respondents. The document discusses the background and invention of questionnaires, characteristics like using simple, objective questions, and types of open-ended and closed-ended questions. Advantages include low cost, time efficiency, and wide coverage, while disadvantages include issues with illiterate respondents and incomplete answers. Examples of questionnaires are also provided.
The document discusses various tools and methods used for data collection in research. It describes primary and secondary sources of data and some common methods for collecting data like interviews, questionnaires, observation, and various scales. Specific tools are discussed for each method - for interviews these include interview schedules and opinionnaires, questionnaires use tools like attitude scales and Likert scales, and observation uses tools like rating scales and checklists. Guidelines for developing questionnaires and uses of different types of scales are also provided.
A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of questions used to gather information from respondents. There are two main types of questionnaires: open-ended questionnaires that allow free responses and closed-ended questionnaires that provide answer choices. Well-designed questionnaires keep questions concise and simple, assure respondent anonymity, and are pretested to identify issues before widespread use. Questionnaires provide an efficient way to collect standardized self-reported data from a large number of people but rely on respondents and may receive incomplete answers.
Questionnaire in Research Methodology
Definition Significance Scope
Questionnaire and Schedule
Similarities Differences
Qualities of a Good Questionnaire
Types of Questions
Preparing and Administering Questionnaire
How to Develop a Questionnaire for
Research?
Questionnaire Wording.
Unit I
Introduction; meaning and nature of research; significance of research in business decision making, identification and formulation of research problem, setting objectives and formulation of hypotheses.
Unit-II
Research design and data collection; research designs exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic and experimental data collection; universe, survey population, sampling and sampling designs. data collection tools- schedule, questionnaire, interview and observation, use of SPSS.
Unit-III
Scaling techniques; need for scaling, problems of scaling, reliability and validity of scales, scale construction techniques- arbitrary approach, consensus scale approach (Thurston), item analysis approach (Likert) and cumulative scales (Gut mans Scalogram)
Unit-IV
Interpretation and report writing; introduction, meaning of interpretation, techniques and precautions in interpretation and generalization report writing- purpose, steps and format of research report and final presentation of the research report.
Dmitri Mendeleev was a Russian chemist and inventor who is credited with creating the first version of the periodic table of elements. His periodic table arranged the elements based on their atomic masses and chemical properties, and predicted properties of undiscovered elements that would fill gaps in the table, many of which were later discovered.
This document discusses questionnaires as a tool for data collection in nursing research. It defines questionnaires as structured self-report instruments used to gather information from subjects through written or verbal responses. The document outlines the key features, types, questions, format, administration, advantages, and limitations of questionnaires. It emphasizes that questionnaires are commonly used in descriptive nursing studies to gather a broad spectrum of information from subjects about facts, beliefs, attitudes, opinions, and knowledge.
Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established systematic fashion, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes.
This document provides guidance on creating and conducting effective surveys to obtain customer feedback. It discusses why surveys are useful, the steps to create a survey such as establishing a title, determining the target audience, and identifying questions. The document also covers determining the survey distribution method, response rates, and how to interpret results. The goal is to provide businesses with information to design surveys that generate high-quality feedback for improving products, services and customer experience.
Schedules and questionnaire for data collection-Pragathi G SSundar B N
油
Schedule is a structured set of questions used in personal interviews, while a questionnaire is filled out independently by respondents. Some key differences are:
- Schedules are filled out by enumerators during interviews, while questionnaires are filled out by respondents themselves.
- Response rates tend to be higher with schedules since enumerators can ensure all questions are answered, whereas respondents may not fully complete questionnaires.
- Schedules allow for gathering data from both literate and illiterate respondents, but questionnaires require literacy.
Here are the completed statements with appropriate infinitives:
1. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the campaign.
2. The objective of the investigation is to determine the cause of the road accidents.
3. The aim of the report is to examine the effects of stress on employees.
4. The study intends to identify the cause of the landslide.
5. The research hopes to identify the reasons behind students lack of moral values.
Weakness and strength of Primary and secondary dataMfaume
油
Diagnosis is a critical process that involves data collection, interpretation and identification of problem area. Critically discuss the method of data collection and provide their strength and weakness in diagnosis process.
The document is a career research assignment completed by Gia Foretia exploring a career as a pediatrician. It includes sections on the job description, working conditions, education and training requirements, potential post-secondary education paths, relevant work experience and volunteer opportunities, networking contacts, an evaluation of research sources, and a reflection on why Gia is still interested in this career. The document provides in-depth research and analysis of becoming a pediatrician, including 4 years of undergraduate study, 4 years of medical school, a 3-4 year residency program, and average salaries ranging from $100,000-$160,000.
Dr. Tuan Nguyenduy is a cardiothoracic surgeon at Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System who became interested in cardiac surgery after observing an open-heart surgery in medical school. He completed medical school, 5 years of general surgery residency, 2 years of cardiothoracic surgery fellowship, and obtained board certification in both general and cardiothoracic surgery. A typical day involves seeing patients one day a week in the office and operating the other four days, finding the most challenging and satisfying aspects to be handling unexpected situations critically and helping patients recover.
Classroom-Based Research EVO 2016 Week 3: "Data collection tools for resear...ClassResearchEVO
油
This document discusses data collection tools for classroom-based research. It defines data as information obtained from research subjects. Various tools are described such as tests, essays, anecdotes, diaries, photos, and social media posts. Key considerations for data collection include where, when, how often, and who will collect data. Triangulation of data using multiple tools increases validity. Examples of tools include questionnaires, observation, documentation, interviews, journals, and stimulated recall. Developing Potentially Exploitable Pedagogic Activities allows collecting data through normal classroom activities to benefit students. Research ethics and validity, reliability, usability, and objectivity are also discussed.
The document discusses various tools used for data collection in research such as observation schedules, interview schedules, interview guides, questionnaires, rating scales, checklists, and document schedules. It provides details on how each tool is used, the differences between schedules and questionnaires, and guidelines for constructing effective schedules and questionnaires. A pilot study or pretesting is recommended to test the data collection tools, identify any issues, and make necessary revisions before the full research study.
This is an exclusive presentation on data collection for researchers in National Institutes Labor of Administration & Training (NILAT), Ministry of production, government of Pakistan
This document discusses three common data collection methods: observation, interview, and questionnaire. Observation involves personally watching and interacting with research subjects and can be participatory or non-participatory. Interviews are verbal conversations with research participants that can be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured. Questionnaires are paper surveys containing a list of questions for respondents to answer in writing.
The document provides guidance for writing a graduate school statement of purpose. It discusses the different types of essays that graduate programs may require, including general statements of purpose and essays that answer specific questions. The document offers tips for developing ideas, examples to support points, and outlines what to include in the essay like background, goals, and interest in the program/university. It also provides sample essay questions, worksheets, and a sample statement of purpose to help students structure their own strong essays.
Schedule and QuestionnaireDifference between Schedule and QuestionnaireTech...sanjay s.kumar
油
The document discusses the key differences between questionnaires and schedules as data collection instruments. It notes that schedules are administered through personal interviews by enumerators, making the process more expensive but allowing respondents to be identified and ensuring complete responses. Questionnaires are generally self-administered, making the process cheaper but resulting in higher non-response rates and incomplete information. The document also provides guidelines for developing valid and reliable questionnaires and schedules, including question structure, sequence, pre-testing and measuring various types of validity and reliability.
The document provides guidance on finding a job in life sciences research and teaching. It emphasizes the importance of obtaining a PhD and postdoc from top laboratories to build a strong publication record and network. Choosing a mentor with a track record of students obtaining good jobs is key. The document also discusses strategies for applying to jobs, including networking, developing a strong application, and preparing for interviews. Overall, it stresses developing scientific credentials and visibility to maximize chances of securing an independent position.
7 (good) reasons why I am discouraging students from using surveys as a data ...Bridgette Hattingh - PrQS
油
Students seem to choose surveys as their preferred method of data collection for their thesis.
I have no idea why.
I am on a mission to discourage this.
Share the HECK out of this presentation so that we can stop students from unwittingly exposing themselves to this (self-inflicted) torture ! ! !
This document outlines the steps to becoming a doctor, including: doing well in high school, attending college, taking the MCAT, applying and attending medical school, choosing a specialty and completing residency and possibly fellowship training, and becoming board certified. It details the author's own path from interests in high school through various specialties in medical school and completing neurology and internal medicine residency plus neurophysiology fellowship. It provides advice, including that the time commitment is extensive, specialties are largely a lifetime choice, working with others is important, and to take care of your own health as a physician.
This document provides an overview of a session about writing outstanding personal statements for university applications. It discusses what personal statements are used for, common mistakes, and the difference between average and outstanding statements. The session covers choosing strong reasons for studying a subject, discussing topics in detail, reflecting on course-related activities, and concisely mentioning extracurricular activities. It emphasizes using specific examples and evidence, academic suitability, and focusing on skills rather than general interests.
The PPt of 10 Questions of Interview of BSN,Post RN, MSN
The video of this topic is also on My youtube channel #StarsNursingAcademy. Link os video is
https://youtu.be/ZyMDRNweHY0
Plz visit my channel once
I am happy to bring out this book titled A Teachers Inner Voice which is a compilation my articles from all the twelve issues of the monthly newsletter Computer Science Faculty. Every article was a reflection of faculty communitys inner voice, whenever I want to address some faculty issues, I will always find someone in my group who has already experiencing it tell me what it was. I use to follow my heart, listen to my inner voice and understand its relevance and applicability in reality because Non-judgment quiets the internal dialogue, and this opens once again the doorway to creativity and thats how every month the article was been presented. I strongly believe in opinions, we meet new people every day who have something to give us. Different people have different opinions, and I respect all of them. Please share your views, opinions and off course any constructive criticism by mailing at cvsureshbabu@yahoo.com
C.V. Suresh Babu
The document provides information about MD-PhD programs, including what an MD-PhD degree entails, the pros and cons of pursuing one, and how to apply. An MD-PhD combines medical school and a PhD program, typically taking 8 years or more to complete. Graduates often work in academic medicine, conducting translational research. Upsides include training for careers at the intersection of research and medicine, but it is a long commitment with transitions between clinical and research phases. Strong research experience is important for competitive applications.
The document provides an overview of nursing research, including the importance of research, different types of research designs, and the major phases of the research process. It discusses how nursing research applies the scientific method to study topics relevant to nursing practice. The goal is to improve patient care by integrating research findings into clinical decision making. The document also outlines key concepts in research methodology, such as variables, data collection, rigor, and sampling.
Hussein Sabit, PhD is an associate professor of molecular genetics and vice dean for community services at the College of Biotechnology. The document discusses various aspects of conducting research including defining a research problem, formulating research questions, different types of research (exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, predictive, pure, applied, theoretical, empirical), and the research process. It provides guidelines for selecting a topic, stating the problem, dividing it into subproblems, and checking if a question is suitable for research. The document emphasizes selecting an interesting, significant problem that can be solved given available resources and without ethical issues.
Ponencia: Endophytic fungi conservation: techniques, advantages, disadvantages
Autor: Dr. Gary Strobel
Evento TF Innova: Workshop Biotechnology "Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from vascular plants"
This document provides information about an online Anatomy and Physiology 1 course, including contact information for the instructor, Brenda Holmes, an overview of course structure and requirements, the schedule, grading policies, and resources available to students. The 5-week course covers chapters 1-12 through online lectures, labs involving identification and case studies, and exams. Students are expected to complete lab assignments, 4 module exams, and a final essay to earn a maximum of 1210 points towards their grade.
1. The document discusses the importance of properly selecting and formulating a research problem. It explains that formulating a research problem identifies gaps and avenues that have not been explored by previous researchers.
2. The document provides guidance on how to identify an appropriate research problem through various methods such as reviewing literature, observing problems in the field, and formulating researchable questions. It also discusses how to narrow a research topic and evaluate the feasibility of a potential research problem.
3. Key aspects of a good research problem that are highlighted include being novel, relevant, ethical, and having potential value and publishability. The research problem should also be interesting, impactful, and manageable within available resources.
UC Davis School of Medicine Poster Presentation, LGC 2016Janeet Dhauna
油
The internship aims to inspire young women to pursue research or entrepreneurial health careers. Interns gain understanding of breastfeeding research and entrepreneurship through various learning experiences. They are expected to produce a research article, public education material, and formal presentation as deliverables. An evaluation found that the mentored internship model effectively improved interns' research skills and confidence through immersive learning experiences over the course of one month. Interns reported valuing mentorship and wanting more clinical exposure in future iterations.
This document provides information and guidance for fourth year medical students. It outlines the curriculum, which focuses on clinical pathology and developing professional skills. Students are encouraged to think and behave like doctors, with a focus on treating patients. Success is said to involve integrating basic science, pathology and clinical knowledge. Attendance is compulsory and students must meet requirements to be eligible for exams.
This document outlines the research process in multiple steps:
1. Identifying a topic of interest and formulating a research question by reviewing existing literature.
2. Continuing the literature review to understand what is already known about the topic and identify gaps.
3. Identifying important concepts and keywords to efficiently search for relevant articles.
4. Following ethical guidelines throughout the research process and obtaining necessary approvals.
5. Employing systematic methods like coding and analysis to organize data and derive conclusions.
6. Presenting results in a way that allows others to replicate the study for verification.
Advice to junior researchers: High or low road to success?James Coyne
油
A presentation from the International Psycho-Oncology Society Conference in Rotterdam invited by the IPOS Early Career Professionals Special Interest Group.
際際滷s from my presentation at the Spring Meeting of the Heads of University Biosciences Spring Meeting (May 2017) in which I look at some of the reasons for including bioethics in undergraduate bioscience programmes, and some practicalities regarding so doing.
This document summarizes and reviews several studies that investigated the potential association between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and socioeconomic status. The review found inconsistent results across studies, with some finding a higher prevalence of ASD among higher social classes and others finding no association. The review concludes that there is likely no consistent association between social class and ASD, though parental education level may be more closely associated with ASD than median family income alone. Ascertainment methods, small sample sizes, and variability in case definitions across studies make drawing definitive conclusions difficult.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a DNA virus that can cause warts and is linked to certain cancers. There are over 100 types of HPV that can infect humans. HPV types 16 and 18 are highly carcinogenic and associated with cervical and other cancers. HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, usually during sexual activity. While most HPV infections do not cause symptoms and resolve on their own, some types can cause genital warts or warts in the throat. The HPV E6 and E7 proteins contribute to cancer development by degrading tumor suppressor proteins. Vaccines targeting the HPV L1 protein show promise in preventing HPV infection and reducing cancer rates.
- Egypt has one of the highest rates of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in the world, with up to 40% of people in high-risk areas testing positive. HCV is a major cause of liver cancer in Egypt.
- HCV spread primarily through blood transmission and infects the liver. It has a long incubation period and can cause liver cancer. The virus continues to spread through practices like blood transfusions and needle reuse.
- Past public health campaigns in Egypt that involved widespread injection practices using unsterilized needles are thought to be the main driver of the country's HCV epidemic, with over 30% of older Egyptians infected through this route. Addressing HCV requires improving healthcare access and reforming medical standards
The crystal structure of the c-ring subunits of yeast ATP synthase was determined. It revealed 10 c-subunits forming a symmetrical ring, in contrast to previous models suggesting 12 subunits. The c-ring associates closely with the 粒 and 隆 subunits, supporting the idea that it forms part of the rotary motor. Understanding the interaction between the c-ring and other F0 subunits will provide insights into how proton translocation generates rotational motion.
Practicum project for the MPH degree at the University of California Davis, School of Medicine. Here I conducted a policy assessment of the California Syringe Purchase Program in Yolo County. These findings were later requested by the state to help model a statewide policy assessment of the Syringe Exchange Program.
1. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION OF STUDENTS RESEARCH The ROAD TO MEDICAL EXCELLENCE
2. What Research Should Mean Careful or diligent search, studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws, the collecting of information about a particular subject MERIAM WEBSTERS Dictionary Research : What it Really Means Analyzing topics in science and thought through the profiling of facts, laws, trends, phenomena, statistics, effects, causes and pathways regarding a specific or general subject in nature or a scientific model. -Everyone that actually counts
3. What Research Should Mean to You YOU MEANING: The philanthropic individual The constructive member of society The student The premed major who wants to go to medical school and will do the impossible to get there. Learning and studying medical topics that are a concern for humanity and looking for novel methods or treatments for therapeutic purposes with the hope that these advances might one day save the lives of citizens across the world. There is perhaps no field of research that is more noble or most respected than medical research, for it seeks to prolong the life of humanity and preserve without agendas or goals.
4. Perks of Medical Research -Learn at an accelerated rate, the things you learn in class -Gain skills most people in your major only know from theoretical perspectives Hands on experience and knowledge of techniques used by professionals and highly respected when seen on a resume Get to go places such as international conferences, seminars, conventions where you meet the top experts in your specific area of medical expertise Getting published is the next best thing to an excellent GPA and makes up for bad ones. Lots of money involved in research namely in medicine and biology (Biology alone accounts for 66% of UCIs income for research. An excellent career for medical school A lifetime investment in yourself and for your field
5. How Do I get Involved in Research R espectable academic background E xplore your interests S elect your faculty E xplain yourself to the faculty A sk questions R ead diligently C harismatic and active around lab H aving a constructive relationship with your mentor/faculty
6. Respectable Academic Standing 1. At least 3.0 cumulative GPA and above 3.0 science GPA 2. Taking Special interest courses (i.e. if you are into oncology, take oncology specific classes)- Its not impressive to have courses you have had to take. Jacks Transcript First Quarter Chemistry IA Bio Sci 94 Second Quarter Chemistry IB Bio Sci 96 Jills Transcript First Quarter Chemistry IA Bio Sci 94 Freshman Seminar (Cancer) Second Quarter Chemistry IB Bio Sci 96 Bio 25 (Cancer Biology)
7. Explore Your Interests In Medicine MEDICINE MOLECULAR? Non-MOLECULAR? GENETICS? ONCOLOGY? VIROLOGY? IMMUNOLOGY? SURGERY? EMERGENCY? Organ Specific? OTHER?
8. Select Your Faculty Look the faculty up in the directory of his/her department . OR in the Bio 199 section of the quarter schedule of classes Know what he or she physically look like. Read their profiles and research interests, are they conducting research that is relevant to advances in medicine and health? Obtain their contact information namely email Pick more than one possible faculty member, -there are some who might want to hold off on taking you in until you have finished some requirements, - Some will not care to respond to your email - Some might say no for no reason or because their lab is full or because they can not or do not have staff who can mentor.
9. Explain Yourself to the Faculty WHO ARE YOU WHY ARE YOU INTERESTED ATTACH A CV VERY FORMAL LETTER FORMAT VERY POLITE AND EAGER SUCESSFUL EXAMPLE Dear Dr. Wagner, Greetings my name is Ahmed Ibrahim and I am a second year Biology and Chemistry Major at UCI. I am very interested in the work that your lab conducts regarding infectious cycles of the herpes simples virus. I am writing to inquire about a possible 199 research position in your lab. Research is something I love to do very much and I would very much appreciate it if you would provide me with this invaluable opportunity of furthering my knowledge and experience in this field. Attached is my CV for your review. Thank you very much and I look forward to hearing from you. Regards, Ahmed Ibrahim
10. Score! Sure Why not, but first Ill need to interview you hot shot! Monday 10:00 AM, my office! Hes Probably Thinking This guys probably looking for a letter of rec. for med school. Or he might just be interested in my labs research, that would be worth having him, think about it why would I invest my time, energy, and precious supplies teaching someone whose only in it for the name and not much elseI guess well see on Monday The deal is not as done as you think it is!
11. FIVE MAIN QUESTIONS BABY! After the whole Tell me a little about yourself What do you plan to do with your professional career? Have you done any previous research? Why do you like research? Why herpes viruses How long to you plan to stay with us? (1 quarter?, 2?) How much time are you willing to contribute in lab?
12. BEST ANSWERS (ignore specifics) I plan on earning an M.D. in Epidemiology and work for the World Health Organization. Yes I have done research on retroviruses and their infectious pathways OR No, I have not, this is my first time and I am very excited about learning a lot and gaining valuable experience 3. Even though I plan on practicing medicine, I believe that research is an integral part of clinical science as it paves the way for more novel advances in healthcare. So I would like to strengthen myself in the research arena to strengthen myself as a future physician. 4. I am looking for long term commitments so I plan on staying with your lab for my undergraduate term. 5. (Guys, honestly the more you can contribute the better), typically they ask for anywhere between 8-20 hour a week but dont let that discourage you. Be diplomatic)
14. Asking Questions When you start in lab, you will probably be working with a Post-Doc or a grad student on a project that is already going. When you sit down with your lab person ask them a lot of questions on your research so that you understand it completely what you are doing in theory. This means that you will be referred to a lot of material to read and digest. That is a good start. Whenever possible, use the information you learned in your discussion with him or her so that they can see progress. Whenever you have questions about the reading, go back and ask, this might mean more reading but you are learning a lot and gaining the respect of your PI and associates. Reading Diligently
15. Charismatic and active around lab Dont ever sit around doing nothing in lab. If you are waiting on something, or waiting for your PI to finish something, always have something to read, preferably, a journal article. Do not use the lab PCs for games, or other recreational purposes, it could cost you your stay in research. Above all, dont look lazy and uninterested or fall asleep, it builds you a bad reputation of being a slob.
16. Have a good relationship with your faculty Always stop by and say hi, or asking questions related to research, or maybe something interesting you read about the topic. Attend lab meetings and be vocal Inquire about conferences and always keep an ear out for seminars and other event related to research (especially international conferences -ohh yeah) But dont expect to be invited unless you have contributed something