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Hp embedd system and basic obotics

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Pallavi Bharti
Pallavi Bharti

It consists of very basics command Embedded System and Robotics which in helpful understanding the functionality and implementation

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B.Tech Industrial Training Presentation on EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ROBOTICS Presented PALLAVI BHARTI 20130549 E&C Engg. Dept., SMIT Under the Supervision of MR.ROHAN SINGH TRAINING HEAD
Contents Introduction to Embedded Systems Types & Applications Microcontroller IDE & Programmer I/O function registers LCD interfacing ADC Communication Introduction to Robotics History and Laws of Robotics How robot moves? Sensors Conclusion
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS It is a scaled down computer which is designed to perform a specific task only/operation. Am embedded system is a software program on a hardware chip designed for specific purpose and can also contain some moving parts Embedded means whole system embedded(implanted) onto an appliance
Types & Applications Embedded systems Non-real time embedded system: no deadline Security systems Mobile phones Alarm system Digital camera Real time embedded system: deadline to be met Sensor system in nuclear plants Missile defense system Flight control system PROPERTIES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Small in size Low cost High accuracy Easy to design Low power required Portable Efficient APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Security system, Cell phone, Automobile system, Memory storage device, Calculators , Printer , Mouse , Alarm system
MICROCONTROLLER Programmable digital processor with necessary peripherals. It is complex sequential digital circuit meant to carry out the job according to the program. Classification Embedded (self-contained) 8-bit microcontroller 16 to 32 bit microcontroller Digital signal processor Features: Built in monitor program Built in program memory Facility to interface external memory Interrupts Analog I/O Serial I/O Timers
IDE AND PROGRAMMER Some compilers are: WINAVR Code vision AVR AVR studio Parts of programmer: Software(to open .hex file on the computer) Avr dude Avr studio Atprog Hardware Usb-asp(sub)
I/O PORTS DDRX(data direction register) PORT X PINX
LCD interfacing We need to interface LCD to our microcontroller so that we can display output on it. Types: Text display Graphics display Lcd functions: Lcd_clear() Lcd_gotoxy(x,y) Lcd_putchar(char c) Lcd_putsf(constant string) Lcd_puts(char arr) Iota(into Val, char arr[]) Foa(float armchair decimal, char arr[])
ADC Analog to digital converter It is used to convert physical quantity like temperature, pressure, etc. into electrical domain i.e. voltage functions for adc Read_adc()
Timers It is a register which is used to measure time interval Timers in Atmega 16: Timer 0(8 bit) Timer 1(16 bit) Timer (8 bit) Timer modes: Normal PWM(pulse width modulation) CTC(clear timer on compare)
Communication Communications Techniques: Simplex Half duplex Full duplex Modes of data transfer: Synchronous Asynchronous Parallel Serial Serial peripheral interface(SPI) Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Transmitter Receiver(USART)
Interrupt It is a signal that stops the current program and forces the execution of another program Types: Mask able Non mask able Hardware Overflow Compare match 3 external Interrupts in Atmega16: INT0: PD2, Pin 16 INT1: PD3, Pin 17 INT2: PB2, Pin 3
Introduction to Robotics Robotics is the science of designing and building Robots Robot Re-programmable multi- functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or specialized devices to programmed motions Name ROBOT derived from Czechoslovakian word Robota meaning compulsory labour Unimation Joe Engleberger-Father of Robotics Essential characteristics: Mobility Flexibility Programmability Mechanical capability Sensors
Laws of Robotics Isaac Asimovs, 1940 robotics 1. A robot must not injure human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human being, except where such orders would not conflict with the first law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as it doesnt conflict with law 1st and 2nd. Basic elements for building autonomous robot. Robot chassis and actuators: body and wheels arrangement. Electronics: includes Sensors, motion control circuits, power management system etc. Power Source :Usually batteries or direct supply through wire. Intelligence: is achieved by using Microcontroller.
How a Robot moves? Controlling rpm and direction of wheels, controls speed 3 motors for 4 wheels 2 motors for 2 wheels and 1 ball bearing caster
Motor and Motor Drives Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy Motors used in Embedded System & Robotics: Servo, Stepper, Geared DC. H-bridge: Electronic circuit enables a voltage to be applied across load in either direction Allows microcontroller logic chip or remote control can electronically command the motor to go forward reverse brake and coast.
Sensors Sensors are like feel for robot. Device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Some sensors are: Temperature sensor like DS1621,thermistor. LM35 measures from 0 to 100 degrees Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) a resistor whose resistance varies with intensity of light. IR sensor: (IR led + photodiode + LM358) Infra red emitting diode as transmitter and photo diode as receiver 0V<=Output<=5V Output can be taken to a microcontroller by ADC From any non black body i.e. obstacle, IR reflects and falls on photo diode. Hence Photo diode become forward bias, and it turn on the IC LM358 that gives the output.
Conclusion electronics + mechanics + software = ROBOT Efficient Reliable Interaction with environment Multi Tasking Favor for Mankind, if Used wisely
References www.google.com www.wikipedia.com Google images http://www.embeddedsystem.com/ http://robotics.nasa.gov/ www.cmosexod.com www.best-microcontrollerprojects.com Handouts given by the organization
Thank You

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Hp embedd system and basic obotics

  • 1. B.Tech Industrial Training Presentation on EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ROBOTICS Presented PALLAVI BHARTI 20130549 E&C Engg. Dept., SMIT Under the Supervision of MR.ROHAN SINGH TRAINING HEAD
  • 2. Contents Introduction to Embedded Systems Types & Applications Microcontroller IDE & Programmer I/O function registers LCD interfacing ADC Communication Introduction to Robotics History and Laws of Robotics How robot moves? Sensors Conclusion
  • 3. INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS It is a scaled down computer which is designed to perform a specific task only/operation. Am embedded system is a software program on a hardware chip designed for specific purpose and can also contain some moving parts Embedded means whole system embedded(implanted) onto an appliance
  • 4. Types & Applications Embedded systems Non-real time embedded system: no deadline Security systems Mobile phones Alarm system Digital camera Real time embedded system: deadline to be met Sensor system in nuclear plants Missile defense system Flight control system PROPERTIES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Small in size Low cost High accuracy Easy to design Low power required Portable Efficient APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Security system, Cell phone, Automobile system, Memory storage device, Calculators , Printer , Mouse , Alarm system
  • 5. MICROCONTROLLER Programmable digital processor with necessary peripherals. It is complex sequential digital circuit meant to carry out the job according to the program. Classification Embedded (self-contained) 8-bit microcontroller 16 to 32 bit microcontroller Digital signal processor Features: Built in monitor program Built in program memory Facility to interface external memory Interrupts Analog I/O Serial I/O Timers
  • 6. IDE AND PROGRAMMER Some compilers are: WINAVR Code vision AVR AVR studio Parts of programmer: Software(to open .hex file on the computer) Avr dude Avr studio Atprog Hardware Usb-asp(sub)
  • 7. I/O PORTS DDRX(data direction register) PORT X PINX
  • 8. LCD interfacing We need to interface LCD to our microcontroller so that we can display output on it. Types: Text display Graphics display Lcd functions: Lcd_clear() Lcd_gotoxy(x,y) Lcd_putchar(char c) Lcd_putsf(constant string) Lcd_puts(char arr) Iota(into Val, char arr[]) Foa(float armchair decimal, char arr[])
  • 9. ADC Analog to digital converter It is used to convert physical quantity like temperature, pressure, etc. into electrical domain i.e. voltage functions for adc Read_adc()
  • 10. Timers It is a register which is used to measure time interval Timers in Atmega 16: Timer 0(8 bit) Timer 1(16 bit) Timer (8 bit) Timer modes: Normal PWM(pulse width modulation) CTC(clear timer on compare)
  • 11. Communication Communications Techniques: Simplex Half duplex Full duplex Modes of data transfer: Synchronous Asynchronous Parallel Serial Serial peripheral interface(SPI) Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Transmitter Receiver(USART)
  • 12. Interrupt It is a signal that stops the current program and forces the execution of another program Types: Mask able Non mask able Hardware Overflow Compare match 3 external Interrupts in Atmega16: INT0: PD2, Pin 16 INT1: PD3, Pin 17 INT2: PB2, Pin 3
  • 13. Introduction to Robotics Robotics is the science of designing and building Robots Robot Re-programmable multi- functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or specialized devices to programmed motions Name ROBOT derived from Czechoslovakian word Robota meaning compulsory labour Unimation Joe Engleberger-Father of Robotics Essential characteristics: Mobility Flexibility Programmability Mechanical capability Sensors
  • 14. Laws of Robotics Isaac Asimovs, 1940 robotics 1. A robot must not injure human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human being, except where such orders would not conflict with the first law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as it doesnt conflict with law 1st and 2nd. Basic elements for building autonomous robot. Robot chassis and actuators: body and wheels arrangement. Electronics: includes Sensors, motion control circuits, power management system etc. Power Source :Usually batteries or direct supply through wire. Intelligence: is achieved by using Microcontroller.
  • 15. How a Robot moves? Controlling rpm and direction of wheels, controls speed 3 motors for 4 wheels 2 motors for 2 wheels and 1 ball bearing caster
  • 16. Motor and Motor Drives Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy Motors used in Embedded System & Robotics: Servo, Stepper, Geared DC. H-bridge: Electronic circuit enables a voltage to be applied across load in either direction Allows microcontroller logic chip or remote control can electronically command the motor to go forward reverse brake and coast.
  • 17. Sensors Sensors are like feel for robot. Device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Some sensors are: Temperature sensor like DS1621,thermistor. LM35 measures from 0 to 100 degrees Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) a resistor whose resistance varies with intensity of light. IR sensor: (IR led + photodiode + LM358) Infra red emitting diode as transmitter and photo diode as receiver 0V<=Output<=5V Output can be taken to a microcontroller by ADC From any non black body i.e. obstacle, IR reflects and falls on photo diode. Hence Photo diode become forward bias, and it turn on the IC LM358 that gives the output.
  • 18. Conclusion electronics + mechanics + software = ROBOT Efficient Reliable Interaction with environment Multi Tasking Favor for Mankind, if Used wisely
  • 19. References www.google.com www.wikipedia.com Google images http://www.embeddedsystem.com/ http://robotics.nasa.gov/ www.cmosexod.com www.best-microcontrollerprojects.com Handouts given by the organization