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HUMAN
RIGHTS
By: Mc Kenlee C. Arranguez
IV-7

Human Rights refer to the concept of
human beings having universal natural
rights, or status, regardless of legal
jurisdiction or other localizing, such as
ethnicity, nationality, and sex.
What are Human Rights?

Set of standards that guarantees a life
befitting a rational being
Are basic and minimum standards without
which people can’t live in dignity

It guarantees the development and wholeness
of our being
These are the “foundation of freedom, justice,
and peace in the world”

What are the four characteristics of
human rights?
INHERENT – essential part of our lives,
intrinsic.
UNIVERSAL – people have human rights
whoever they are and wherever they are

What are the four characteristics of
human rights?
INDIVISIBLE – human rights must be enjoyed
by everyone in its full range
INALIENABLE – can’t be taken away or
transferred (but can be limited when the exercise
of it is an affront to the rights of others)

How can we classify human rights?
A. According to Nature
1. CIVIL RIGHTS – pertain to rights belonging to
a person by reason of citizenship (e.g.. right to a
name, right to freedom from discrimination, right to
equality before the law, right to public trial, right to
marry, right to leave a country, etc.)

2. POLITICAL RIGHTS – enable the people to
participate in running or influencing the
administration of the government (e.g.. right to
vote, right to freedom of expression, right to free
and periodic elections, etc.)

3. ECONOMIC RIGHTS – pertain to access to
resources – such as land, labor, physical, and
financial capital – that are essential for the creation,
legal appropriation, and market exchange of goods
and services (e.g.. right to work, right to own
property, right to adequate standard of living, etc.)

4. SOCIAL RIGHTS - relate to living together or
enjoying life in communities or organized groups
(e.g.. right to social security, right to social welfare,
etc.)

5. CULTURAL RIGHTS – ensure the well-being
of the individual and foster the preservation,
enrichment, and dynamic evolution of arts, manners
and way of living of a group with principles of
unity in diversity of expression (right to take part in
the cultural life, right to joy the benefits of
scientific progress and its application).

B. According to Recipient
6. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS – are rights that may
be exercise by every individual

B. According to Recipient
7. COLLECTIVE/GROUP RIGHTS – are rights
given to a specified vulnerable group which may be
exercised because one’s membership to such
community such as the right to development,
women’s rights, children’s rights, and indigenous
people’s rights.

C. According to Source
8. NATURAL RIGHTS – are rights believed to be
based on reason or given by the Supreme Being.
They already existed before they were recognized
by law.

C. According to Source
9. LEGAL RIGHTS – are rights recognized by
laws.

D. According to Implementation
10. IMMEDIATE - are those rights that States can
readily implement because these are dependent on
the State’s political will such as civil and political
rights.

D. According to Implementation
10. PROGRESSIVE - are those rights whose
implementation are dependent on the availability of
the states’ resources and can be enjoyed gradually

What is the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) is the minimum and common standard of
achievement for all peoples.
The United Nations General Assembly adopted it
on December 10, 1948, the day which continues to
be observed internationally as ‘Human Rights Day’.

What is the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights?
It has 30 articles spelling out basic
civil, political, economic and socio-
cultural rights.

The said articles are as follows:
1. Right to Equality
2. Freedom from Discrimination
3. Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security
4. Freedom from Slavery
5. Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment
6. Right to Recognition as a Person before the Law
7. Right to Equality before the Law
8. Right to Remedy by Competent Tribunal

9. Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile
10. Right to Public Hearing
11. Right to be considered Innocent until Proven
Guilty
12. Freedom from Interference with Privacy,
Family, Home and Correspondence
13. Right to free movement in and out of the
Country

14. Right to Asylum in other Countries from
Persecution
15. Right to a Nationality and the Freedom to
Change it
16. Right to Marriage and Family
17. Right to own property
18. Freedom of Belief and Religion

19. Freedom of Opinion and Information
20. Right to Peaceful Assembly and Association
21. Right to participate in Government and in Free
Elections
22. Right to Social Security
23. Right to Desirable Work and to Join Trade
Unions
24. Right to Rest and Leisure

25. Right to Adequate Living Standard
26. Right to Education
27. Right to Participate in the Cultural Life of the
Community
28. Right to a Social Order that Articulates this
Document
29. Community Duties Essential to Free and Full
Development

30. Stated that “Nothing in this declaration may be
interpreted as implying for any state, group or
person any right to engage in any activity or to
perform any act aimed at the destruction of any
of the rights and freedoms set forth therein”.

Whose responsibility is human rights?
Human Rights are primarily a state responsibility.
States who have ratified the international
human rights intruments are in effect assuming
commitment to the promotion and protection of
human rights

Whose responsibility is human rights?
In Article 30 of the UDHR, it is stated that,
“groups and individuals may not engage in any
activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of
any of the rights and freedoms “set forth therein”. It
means that human rights are both a responsibility
of state and non-state actors.

How may human rights be guaranteed?
The protection of human rights may be guaranteed
by national and international human rights
mechanisms. This as follows:
1. LEGISLATION – through a.)Amending
and supplementing national laws to suit international
laws and b.) promulgating new legal documents.

How may human rights be guaranteed?
2. EDUCATION AND CAMPAIGN –
educating state agents and dissemination in the grass-
roots level
3. NATIONAL PROGRAMS OF ACTION -
serves as guide to government in formulating policies
and programs

Philippine Normal Unibersity Visayas
The National Center for Teacher

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Human rights

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